RU2579275C1 - Sowing device for combined sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pneumatic sowing apparatus, which can be used in sowing machines, mainly for single-seed sowing of seeds of two different crops at combined plantations. Air operated seeder unit consists of seed hopper divided by web, vertical seeding plate through conical cells, air nozzle, extruding seeds and side walls. Sowing disk is double, parts of which are rigidly fixed to each other. On side surface of cone cells opposite each other at 3/4 of its depth has two through holes at acute angle to base of cell. Value of ratio of diameter D₁ through hole to lower diameter D₂ conical cell depth h and to upper diameter D₃ is determined by condition D₁:D₂:h:D₃=1:2:6:8. On inner surface of each part of disk at conical cells is groove for pusher. Latter is made in form of elastic resilient roller, fixed in lower part of side wall.

EFFECT: invention has high operational reliability at simplified design.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to pneumatic sowing machines that can be used in seeders, mainly for single-grain sowing of seeds of two different crops with combined crops.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus, including a hopper for seeds, a sowing disk with through holes and a nozzle for supplying air to the cells, the sowing disk is equipped with a ring mating with its inner surface, which is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the axis of rotation of the disk, and is made in the form of a cylinder , along the length of the generatrix of which there are several rows of through cells (USSR copyright certificate, 818524, IPC A01C 7/04, 1981).

The disadvantages of the known sowing apparatus are:

a) the sowing device is used only for nesting and does not allow to sow simultaneously two different crops in a combined way;

b) during removal of excess seeds from the cells by the nozzle, there is no guarantee that all seeds will not be removed by air flow, which is not permissible.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a pneumatic sowing device selected as a prototype, including a seed hopper, a vertically located sowing disk with through conical cells arranged at regular intervals, an air nozzle to remove excess seed from the conical cell and a device for pushing stuck seeds from cells (USSR author's certificate, 1192667, IPC A01C 7/04, 1985).

The known device has several disadvantages:

a) for sowing seeds of two cultures, chain transmissions are used from two sides;

b) a metal scraper that damages the seeds is used to remove stuck seeds from the cells;

c) additional nozzles are used to hold the pressed seed at the bottom of the conical cell.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the operational reliability of the pneumatic metering device.

The technical task is achieved in that the pneumatic sowing device, consisting of a seed hopper, divided by a partition, a vertically located sowing disk with through conical cells mounted on an axis, an air nozzle, an ejector seed and side walls, according to the invention, the sowing disk is made double, parts which are rigidly fixed to each other, on the lateral surface of the conical cell against each other at ¾ its depth there are two through holes at an acute angle to about base of the cell, the ratio of the diameter D _{1 of the} through hole to the lower diameter D ₂ , the conical cell to its depth h and to the upper diameter D _{3 is} determined by the condition D ₁ : D ₂ : h: D ₃ = 1: 2: 6: 8, on the inner surface of each part of the disk under the conical cells is made a groove for the ejector, made in the form of an elastic elastic roller, mounted in the lower part of the side wall.

In FIG. 1 shows a sowing apparatus for combined sowing, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, view A; in FIG. 3 - same, node B.

The sowing apparatus for combined sowing of two cultures contains a seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2 into two parts, a double sowing disk, parts 3 and 4 of which are rigidly fixed to each other, for example, by means of bolts with the possibility of their displacement, the disk is made with through conical cells 5, air nozzle 6 with nozzles 7 and 8. On the lateral surface of the conical cell 5 opposite each other at ¾ of its depth, two through holes 9 are made at an acute angle to the base of the cell 5. The value of the ratio of the diameter D _{1 of the} through hole is conical th cell to the lower diameter D ₂ to a depth h and the upper diameter D ₃ defined by the condition D _1: D _2: h: D ₃ = 1: 2: 6: 8, on the inner surface of each of the disk by cone cells 5, a groove 10 for the ejector 11, made in the form of an elastic elastic roller, fixed in the lower part of the side wall 12.

The sowing apparatus for combined sowing works as follows.

During operation of the sowing apparatus, the seeds of two cultures from two parts of the seed hopper 1 divided by a partition 2, by gravity fall into the through conical cells of 5 parts 3 and 4 of the double sowing disk. A rotating sowing disk leads the conical cells 5, filled with seeds, to the air nozzle 6, which at the outlet is divided into two nozzles 7 and 8 with different sections, the air flows of which are directed to the conical cells 5 of the corresponding parts 3 and 4 of the sowing disk. The air flow presses one seed to the bottom of the through conical cell 5, and blows the rest. The presence of holes 9 on the lateral surface of the cell 5 of the sowing disk at ¾ of its depth ensures reliable pressing of one seed to the bottom of the cell 5 and its retention in it. The remaining seeds are blown out.

The ratio of the diameter D _{1 of the} through hole of the conical cell to its lower diameter D ₂ , to the depth h and to the upper diameter D _{3 is} determined by the condition D ₁ : D ₂ : h: D ₃ = 1: 2: 6: 8.

Example 1. If one parameter is known, say the diameter of the through hole of the cell is 3 mm, then the lower diameter will be 6 mm, the depth of the cell is 18 mm, and the upper diameter is 24 mm.

Example 2. If the diameter of the through hole is 2 mm, then the lower diameter will be 4 mm, the cell depth is 12 mm, and the upper diameter is 16 mm.

The sowing disk, rotating on axis 6, with the seed stuck in the cell 5, meets the seed ejector 11 located in the groove 10 on the inner surface of each part of the disk under the conical cells 5. The seed ejector 11 removes the stuck seeds from the cell 5 and goes to the bottom of the furrow.

Parts of the disk 3 and 4 are rigidly fixed to each other by bolts with the possibility of their displacement and replacement of the disk. This allows you to change the sowing patterns. Such a metering disc simplifies the design by eliminating additional chain transmission and is easy to operate.

The use of an elastic roller minimizes seed damage.

The use of the proposed metering device for combined sowing can simplify the design and increase the operational reliability of the device and sow the seeds simultaneously of two different crops with combined crops.

Claims (1)

The sowing apparatus for combined sowing, consisting of a seed hopper divided by a partition, a vertically located sowing disk with through conical cells mounted on an axis, an air nozzle, an ejector seed and side walls, characterized in that the sowing disk is made double, parts of which are rigidly fixed between by itself, while on the side surface of the conical cell against each other at 3/4 of its depth two through holes are made at an acute angle to the base of the cell, and the value of the ratio of the diameter D _{1 of the} through hole to the lower diameter D _{2 of the} conical cell to its depth h and to the upper diameter D _{3 is} determined by the condition D ₁ : D ₂ : h: D ₃ = 1: 2: 6: 8, in addition, on the inner surface each part of the disk under the conical cells has a groove for the ejector made in the form of an elastic elastic roller fixed in the lower part of the side wall.

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