RU2533119C1 - Seeding unit for single-seed-hole sowing of germinated seeds of hoed, vegetable and gourds crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing unit for single-seed-hole sowing of germinated seeds of hoed, vegetable and gourds crops comprises a cellular driving dick mounted at an angle to the horizontal plane. The cells are made according to the shape and size of the seeds of the crop sown and are placed on the peripheral part of the disk in groups. The number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds that sown in the hole. The cells in the group are placed in peripheral row with minimal spacing between them. The cells of the second row are placed near the jumpers of the peripheral row with placement of the cell centres near the jumpers of the peripheral row. The cellular driving disk on the outer edge has a ring gear of the drive of the brush reflector of extra seeds. The brush reflector is covered with the casing and is made in the form of a truncated cone. The coning angle of the cone corresponds to the angle of slope of the cellular driving disk of 40-45°. The drive of the brush reflector is made of a cylindrical gear reducer fixed to the side wall of the seed box and covered with the casing. The brush reflector has a counter rotation to the cellular driving disk. Over the cellular driving disk using a bolt a cone-seed guide is mounted, coupled with cells of the cellular driving disk. The cellular driving disk rests on a tray with sowing window in the upper part, coupled with the seed duct. The seed box is secured to the tray by means of clamps. The drive of the cellular driving disk is performed through the bevel gear. The seeding unit is attached to a section of the drill with a bracket.

EFFECT: use of invention enables to provide more compact holes for seeds, to improve the accuracy of sowing without damaging the seeds and their seedlings.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for seeders for dashed-nesting sowing of row crops, vegetables and melons.

Known sowing apparatus, comprising a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU, copyright certificate No. 375046, M. class. АСС 7/16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention.

However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest.

Known metering apparatus, including a hopper, the bottom of which is made with an ejection window for seeds, and located above the bottom of the cellular sowing disk with reflectors and ejectors, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of sowing seeds when working at high speeds, the sowing disk is stationary and equipped with located above it, a valve device made in the form of combined reflectors and ejectors pivotally mounted on leashes rotating relative to the seed disk, and the bottom of the hopper is mounted with possibility of rotation (SU, certificate of authorship №41701-7, M. Cl. 7/18 A01S, A01S 7/16).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the complexity of the design, low operational reliability and the impossibility of simultaneously sowing a group of seeds for the formation of nesting, in particular melons and gourds, the inability to sow sprouted seeds.

Known sowing apparatus mainly for sowing seeds of melons, including a horizontally located mesh drive disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the inoperative zone, and its drive, while cells on the disk with a shape seeds of the sowing culture are formed by groups of through holes, the latter in each group are made with different distances from the axis of rotation of the disk, while the geometric centers of the cells on the peripheral part and the disk are displaced back from the centers of the inner cells by an amount equal to 2-3 sizes of the length of the seeds, on the surface of the disk with a shift from the peripheral edge to its center along concentric circles, there are 1.08-1.15 times more jumpers on the sides of each cell of the bridge than the thickness of the seeds (SU, patent for the invention No. 2195100, IPC ⁷ AC 7/16).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the lack of seeding without damage to sprouted seeds.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object in terms of features is a sowing apparatus, including a mesh drive disk with a seed reflector, a casing closed in the inoperative zone, and a mesh drive, a mesh disk installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the cells are made in shape and size of the seed and placed on the peripheral part of the disk in groups, the number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between the groups is proportional to the accepted sowing step (the distance between ), between the cells there are provided annular protrusions with a width of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm and a height equal to 0.6 ... 0.7 of the thickness of the seed, the seed reflector is made in the form of an elastic apron attached to the side wall of the seed box, and has an outlet zone the windows above the coulter are elastic protrusions of the seeds, and the top is closed by a casing, and the seed box at the peripheral part of the disk has a parabolic rounding of the vertical wall, the mesh disc drive is closed by the casing (RU patent for invention No. 2275784 C1, IPC АСС 7/16).

The disadvantages of the sowing apparatus include the possibility of injuring seeds with a casing, low accuracy of sowing, the inability to sow seeds using the dotted-nesting method with a minimum distance between the seeds in the nest.

This sowing device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the formation of nests with mutual distance from each other at a distance of half the seed length and ensuring sowing accuracy of at least 95% without injuring the seeds and their seedlings.

EFFECT: obtaining a compact nest with the possibility of using a mechanized weeding unit, manually removing excess plants without damaging neighboring ones, increasing the yield of early products.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing apparatus for the dot-nest sowing of germinated seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons, including a mesh drive disk installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, and the cells are made in shape and size of the seed of the sowing culture and placed on the peripheral part groups, the number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, according to the invention, the cells in the group are placed in the peripheral row with a minimum distance between cells, cells and the second row are located at the jumpers of the peripheral row with the center of the cells at the jumpers of the peripheral row, the mesh drive disk on the outer edge has a toothed crown for driving the brush reflector of the extra seeds, the brush reflector is made in the shape of a truncated cone and closed by a casing whose taper angle corresponds to the angle of inclination of the mesh drive disk 40 ... 45 °, the brush reflector drive is made from a cylindrical gear reducer, fixed to the side wall of the seed box and closed by a casing, brush the deflector has counter-rotation to the cellular drive disk, a cone-guide of seeds is paired with the cells of the cellular drive disk over the mesh drive disk, the mesh drive disk rests on a pallet with a sowing window in the upper part interfaced with the vas deferens, the seed box is fixed to the pallet with the help of clamps, the drive of the mesh drive disk is made through a bevel gear, the metering device is fixed to the seeder section using the bracket.

An analysis of the prior art by the Applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the Applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "Novelty" under applicable law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a sowing apparatus for the dashed-nesting sowing of germinated seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons, cross section.

In Fig.2 - view A in Fig.1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus for dashed-nesting sowing of germinated seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons includes a seed box 1, in the inner cavity of which at a angle of 40 ... 45 ° to the horizon there is a mesh drive metering disk 2, which rests on a pallet 3. On the outer diameter of the mesh drive of the disk 2, a gear rim 4 of the drive of the brush reflector 5 is made. The drive of the brush reflector 5 is made through a reducer 6 fixed to the wall of the seed box 1 and closed by a casing 7. The brush reflector 5, made in shape, is truncated th cone with a cone angle of 40 ... 45 °, in the inner cavity of the seed casing box 1 is closed 8. On the peripheral part of the mesh cell has drive disk 9, the size and shape corresponding to the size and shape of the plated seed culture. A sowing window 10 is provided in the upper part of the pallet 3, coupled with the cells 9. A conical guide 11 is mounted above the mesh drive disk 2, fixed to the mesh drive by a bolt 12. The rotational movement of the mesh drive disk 2 is carried out via a bevel gear 13. Mounting of the metering device to the seeder section is made through the bracket 14. In the inner cavity of the seed box 1 before sowing seeds 15 are placed, the fastening of the seed box 1 to the pallet 3 is carried out by brackets 16. To the sowing in the window 10 of the pallet 3 is fixed vas deferens 17.

The rotation of the brush reflector 5 is made towards the mesh drive disk 2.

The sowing apparatus for dashed-nesting sowing germinated seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons is as follows.

During rotation of the sowing disk 2, the conical guide 1 provides movement of the soaked and germinated seeds and directs them to the cells 9. When the cells 9 move upward, the seeds are placed in the cells one seed each. Excess seeds move down the sowing disc 2 under the influence of gravity.

In the area of the brush reflector 5, the bristles shift the extra seeds from the cells, leaving only one seed in the cell. As soon as the cells 9 arrive at the sowing window 10, the seeds fall out of the cells under the action of the force of weight and are sent by the seed tube 17 to the groove formed by the coulter. The bristles of the reflector 5 contribute to the removal of seeds from the cells 9. The use of a conical brush reflector rotating towards the moving cells ensures that the exact number of soaked and germinated seeds is fed into the coulter without damage, the compact arrangement of the cells ensures that the seeds are placed in the nest with a dotted line, which allows you to remove excess plants without damaging neighboring plants.

The use of germinated seeds increases the yield of early production.

Claims (1)

The sowing apparatus for dashed-nest sowing of germinated seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons, including a mesh drive disk installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the cells of which are made in the shape and size of the seed of the sowing culture and placed on the peripheral part in groups, and the number of cells in the group equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, characterized in that the cells in the group are placed in the peripheral row with a minimum distance between the cells, while the cells of the second row are placed near recesses of the peripheral row with the center of the cells at the jumpers of the peripheral row, and the mesh drive disk on the outer edge has a toothed rim for driving the brush reflector of the extra seeds, while the brush reflector is closed by a casing and made in the shape of a truncated cone, the taper angle of which corresponds to the angle of inclination of the mesh drive disk 40 ... 45 °, the brush reflector drive is made from a cylindrical gear reducer fixed to the side wall of the seed box and closed by a casing, and the brush reflector the spruce has counter-rotation to the cellular drive disc, and a seed cone-guide connected to the cells of the cellular drive disc is installed over the cellular drive disc with a bolt, in addition, the mesh drive disc rests on a pallet with a sowing window in the upper part, paired with the vas deferens the seed box is fixed to the pallet using clamps, and the mesh drive drive is made through a bevel gear, while the metering device is fixed to the seeder section using a bracket.

Images