RU2421971C1 - Sowing device for bed sowing of swollen and germinated seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: sowing device comprises a sowing conveyor with cells and active guides arranged on the conveyor. Active guides have height equal to minimal thickness of a sown crop seed. At the same time length of active guides at one side of the cell is more than at the other by value equal to the average length of a sown crop seed. The sowing conveyor is installed in the side wall of a seed box and is arranged as a hollow cylindrical drum. The drum is installed on bearings, which have glands to prevent water leakage. Cells are located on the side surface of the drum and are shaped and sized same as sown crop seeds. At the same time the cells depth is equal to the average thickness of the seed. The bottom of the cells has a slot connected to water draining grooves, which also serve as guides for pusher rolls. The pusher is installed on a spring-loaded lever in the upper part of the seed box, which is coupled with the receiving vortex of a seed duct. The bottom of the seed box is inclined towards the cylindrical drum, and the seed duct is arranged with ribbed walls. Air or gas with head providing for seeds transportation along the seed duct is supplied by means of a nozzle to coupling of the seed box and the seed duct funnel. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase productivity and technical reliability of swollen and germinated seeds sowing. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the sowing apparatus of seeders for single-grain sowing of swollen and sprouted seeds.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at elevated speeds of movement of the aggregate cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups in a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU, copyright certificate No. 190688, M. class A01C 7/18 , A01C 7/16).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk move them to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal and the quantity not always supplied corresponds to four pieces. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured. The outlines of the cells of the apparatus do not correspond to the size and shape of the seeds of melons and row crops.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU, copyright certificate No. 375046, M.cl. A C1C 7/16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention.

However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest and does not provide sowing of swollen and sprouted seeds.

A metering apparatus is known, including a seed box with a visor at the front end surface, a drive sprocket for driving the seed conveyor, which rests on a pallet and has a tension sprocket. The conveyor has transverse rows of cells with active guides, and the sowing conveyor consists of a sleeve-roller chain, to the links of which plates with inserts having cells and active guides are attached (Resource-saving soil-protective technology for mechanized cultivation and harvesting of melons: a Training manual. V.G. .Abezin; Kalm. State university; Elista, 1993, 120 pp.).

The disadvantages of the apparatus include the use of a sleeve-roller chain on the sowing conveyor, which wears out quickly under conditions of dry friction, which leads to a malfunction of the apparatus. In addition, active guides do not provide 100% filling of the cells when lifting the seed on the guides when they are located across the cell, and the reflector allows injury to the germinated seeds.

A known sowing apparatus is mainly used for sowing swollen and sprouted seeds of melons, including a seed box with a seed conveyor having cells, active guides and a reflector, while the seed conveyor is mounted in the side wall of the seed box at an angle to the horizontal, and an apron is installed over the conveyor, equal to the width of the sowing conveyor, for adhering to it when emptying the seed box, the cells on the sowing conveyor are staggered, and the installation angle is sowing the first conveyor to the horizon is made within 30 ÷ 60 ° (RU, patent for the invention No. 2274988 A01C 7/16, A01C 7/18).

The disadvantages of this metering apparatus include the use of a metering conveyor made of a conveyor belt, which over time changes its physical and mechanical properties, which reduces the reliability of the metering apparatus. In addition, the cells on the tape are made through, which leads to the ingress of seeds under the conveyor belt and disruption of the sowing apparatus. This sowing device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the presence of a reflector in the form of an apron, which, when interacting with the seeds, causes their injury and breakage of the sprouts, in addition, installation of the sowing conveyor obliquely requires an increased path for filling the cells.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to ensure a given accuracy of sowing without damaging the seeds while feeding them to the coulter with the formation of a nest of agricultural crops.

The technical result is an increase in productivity and technical reliability of sowing crops in order to obtain early products.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known metering apparatus for nesting seeding of swollen and sprouted seeds, including a metering conveyor with cells and active guides placed on a conveyor mounted in the side wall of the seed box, according to the invention, the metering conveyor is a hollow cylindrical drum, the lateral surface of which the cells are placed, made according to the shape and size of the seed of the sown culture, the cell depth is equal to the average thickness of the seed the cells has a slot connected to the drainage grooves, which also serve as guides for the ejector rollers, which is placed on the spring-loaded lever in the upper part of the seed box, which is interfaced with the receiving funnel of the vas deferens having ribbed walls, to connect the seed box with the funnel of the vas deferens using the nozzle or gas with a pressure that ensures the transportation of seeds through the vas deferens, active guides placed between the cells have a height equal to the minimum thickness of the seed sown culture, while the length of the active guides on one side of the cell is greater than on the other by an amount equal to the average seed length of the sowing culture, the bottom of the seed box has a bias towards the cylindrical drum, which is mounted on bearings having seals, to prevent water leakage.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the sowing apparatus, a cross section.

Figure 2 is the same, top view with local cuts.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus for nest sowing of swollen and sprouted seeds includes a seed box 1, at the side wall of which a seed conveyor 2 is installed, which is a hollow cylindrical drum, on its side surface active guides 3 and cells are placed 4. Cells are made according to the shape and size of the seed of the sowing culture while the depth of the cell is equal to the average thickness of the seed of the sown culture. The bottom of the cell 4 has a slot connecting the cells to the drainage grooves 5. The cylindrical drum on the front side has spokes 6. In the upper part of the seed box there is an apron 7 made of elastic material. On the lever 8, fixed by the tension spring 9, a seed ejector 10 is installed, the rollers of which are placed in the drainage grooves 5.

The upper part of the seed box is connected with the receiving funnel of the vas deferens 11. To prevent adhesion of seeds, the walls of the vas deferens 11 are made ribbed.

Air or gas with pressure is connected to the interface between the seed box 1 and the funnel of the vas deferens 11 using a nozzle 12, which ensures the transportation of seeds through the vas deferens 11. The cylindrical drum 2 is supported by bearings 13, which have glands that prevent leakage of water from the seed box 1.

The drive of the cylindrical drum 2 is made from the drive shaft 14. The walls of the seed box have a slope to the cylindrical drum.

The metering device operates as follows.

In the seed box 1 is installed a cylindrical drum with cells and active guides having dimensions corresponding to the sizes of the seeds of the sowing culture.

The seed box is filled with soaked and sprouted seeds.

The unit leaves the field and sowing begins. When the cylindrical drum 2 rotates, the active guides 3 move the seed layer apart and orient them above the cells. This is facilitated by the different lengths of the active guides 3, which unfold the seeds with the major axis in the direction of rotation. When the cells rise above the axis of the drum, the seeds fall into cells 4 under the influence of gravity. This is facilitated by the suction action of water, which enters the drainage grooves 5 and ensures reliable seed placement in the cells 4. In the upper part of the seed box, the apron 7 prevents the seeds located above cell 4, the seeds located in cells 4, are fed to the vas deferens 11, where they are driven by the ejector rollers 10. In this case, the seeds are thrown into the funnel of the vas deferens 11 and fall under the influence of air or gas flow, post falling from the nozzle 12, and transported through the vas deferens to the opener.

The ribbed side surfaces of the coulter prevent seeds from sticking to the walls and ensure reliable seed flow into the coulter. The use of a sowing apparatus with a cylindrical drum increases the technical reliability of sowing germinated seeds of agricultural crops and provides early production.

Claims (1)

The sowing apparatus for nest sowing of swollen and sprouted seeds, including a sowing conveyor with cells and active guides placed on a conveyor mounted in the side wall of the seed box, characterized in that the sowing conveyor is a hollow cylindrical drum, on the side surface of which there are cells made in the shape and size of the seed of the sowing culture, and the cell depth is equal to the average thickness of the seed, and the bottom of the cells has a slot connected to the drainage groove and which also serve as guides for the ejector rollers, which is placed on a spring-loaded lever in the upper part of the seed box, which is interfaced with the receiving funnel of the seed tube having ribbed walls, in addition, air or gas with pressure are connected to the interface of the seed box with the funnel of the seed tube that ensures the transportation of seeds through the vas deferens, moreover, the active guides have a height equal to the minimum thickness of the seed of the sown culture, and the length of the active guides on one side of the cell is painful e than the other by an amount equal to the average length of the seed culture were seeded in addition, the bottom of the seed box has a bias to the cylindrical drum, which is mounted on bearings having seals to prevent water leakage.

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