RU2227385C1 - Seeding mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering; monoseeders. SUBSTANCE: proposed mechanism includes seed with horizontal conveyor on its bottom. Conveyor is essentially flexible belt on which plates with slots for mounting replaceable inserts are secured. Inserts are provided with cells to suit size and shape of seeds and active guides in form of projections in side walls. Flexible belt of conveyor has toothed path coming into meshing with driven toothed drum. Different length carriers for orientating pins are installed in seed box at its front wall. Orientating pins are located over active guides with clearance not exceeding 0.5 mm. Conveyor rests on pan through plates. Inserts are made replaceable to provided seeding of different size and shape seeds. EFFECT: provision of accurate metering of seeds at planting and increased yield. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing apparatus for seeders for single-grain sowing.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at elevated speeds of movement of the aggregate, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups in a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with the ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU, copyright certificate No. 190688, M. class A 01 C 7/18, A 01 C 7/16. Sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops (G. M. Rudakov, Atham Abdurakhmanov and S. A. Ma (USSR) - application No. 935862 / 30-15; declared 12.28 .1964; publ. 12/29/1966, Bull. No. 2 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1967. - No. 2).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk move them to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal and the quantity not always supplied corresponds to four pieces. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured. The outlines of the cells of the apparatus do not correspond to the size and shape of the seeds of melons and row crops.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU, copyright certificate No. 375046, class C. А С С 7/16. Metering apparatus // P.Ya. Lobachevsky and P.M. Bondarenko (USSR) - No. 1380525 / 30-15; claimed 11.28.1969; publ. 03.23.1973, Bull. No. 16 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention. However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest.

The closest technical solution in terms of its technical essence and in the number of common essential features includes a sowing apparatus, including a seed box with a visor at the front end surface, a drive sprocket for driving the seed conveyor, which rests on a pallet and has a tension sprocket. The conveyor has transverse rows of cells with active guides, and the sowing conveyor consists of a sleeve-roller chain, to the links of which there are plates with inserts having cells and active guides (Resource-saving soil-protective technology for mechanized cultivation and harvesting of melons: Tutorial (V.G. .Abezin; Kalm. State university; Elista, 1993, 120 pp.).

The disadvantages of the apparatus include the use of a sleeve-roller chain on the sowing conveyor, which wears out quickly under conditions of dry friction, which leads to a malfunction of the apparatus. In addition, active guides do not provide 100% filling of the cells when lifting the seed on the guides and placing them across the cell.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to ensure the accuracy of sowing without crushing the seeds with their simultaneous feeding into the coulter with the formation of a compact row row cultivator, incl. and gourds.

The technical result is an increase in productivity and technical reliability of sowing row crops and melons.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known sowing apparatus including a seed box and a seed conveyor located at the bottom with cells and active guides placed across the conveyor, the cells are shaped like seeds in inserts that are installed in plates attached to the drive gear belt and in front of the seed box an active brush reflector is installed, separated from the seeds by a visor, orienting fingers with leashes of different lengths are attached to the latter.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the claimed metering apparatus, a cross section.

Figure 2 is the same, front view of the metering device with a local cutout of the front wall.

Figure 3 is the same, top view.

Figure 4 is the same, side view of the sowing conveyor with a cut along the axis of the cells.

Figure 5 is a view In figure 4, the element of the sowing conveyor.

In Fig.6 is a section aa in Fig.4, an insert with cells of the sowing conveyor.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus includes a seed box 1 with a visor 2 at the front end surface, a driving drum 3 for driving the conveyor 4, which rests on a pallet 5 and has a tension drum 6. On the conveyor are transverse rows of cells 7 with active guides 8. The seed box has in the upper part there are vertical walls 9, which in the lower part are mated to the conveyor by parabolic sidewalls 10. The drive 11 provides rotation of the driving drum 3 and the soft reflector 12. Additional sidewalls 13 allow overlapping to collect the conveyor cells and provide the supply of a given number of seeds to the nest. The seed tube 14 serves to direct the seeds to the bottom of the furrow. The ears 15 are used to attach additional sidewalls to the end walls of the seed box and to adjust their position relative to the seed conveyor. The conveyor 4 consists of a conveyor belt 16, to which the plates 17 are attached. In the plates 17, grooves are inserted into which the inserts 18 with cells 7 and active guides 8 are installed. To drive the conveyor, a gear track 19 is provided at the bottom of the conveyor belt. In front of the active reflector 12 on the short and long leads 20 and 21, orienting fingers 22 are fixed. Orienting fingers 22 are mounted above the active guides 8 with a gap between the guide 8 and the finger 22 equal to 0.5 mm.

The dimensions of the plates 17 should ensure the installation of inserts 18 with cells 7, designed for sowing the largest seeds of agricultural crops, such as pumpkins, beans.

The adjustment of the sowing apparatus for sowing the required culture is to replace the inserts 18 with cells 7 having the size and shape of the seeds of the sowing culture. The number of seeds sown in a nest is determined by the technology of sowing a given crop. With the dotted method of seeding, the cells are arranged in a row.

The metering device operates as follows.

A tape with plates 17 is put on the drums. Inserts with cells having the size and shape of the seeds of the sowing culture are installed in the plates. Additional sidewalls 13 are fixed in such a way that the required number of seeds is sown in the nest. On the drive, the appropriate gear ratio is selected, providing a given distance between the sockets. Seed box 1 is lowered until the pallet 5 is touched by inserts 17 and fixed. After completing the preparatory operations, the seed box is filled with seeds of the corresponding culture. Start sowing. When the drive drum 3 rotates, its teeth mesh with the gear track 19 and the seed conveyor with cells 7 and active guides 8 moves under a layer of seeds in the seed box. In this case, the active guides 8 move apart the lower layer of seeds and orient them above the cells. Seeds under the influence of their own weight and pressure of the overlying seeds fall into cells 7. If the seeds are held on top of the edges of the active guides, then the orienting fingers 22 act on them. Since the leads 20, 21 have different lengths, each seed unfolds with the major axis in the direction of the fingers the movement of the seed conveyor and sinks into the cell.

The use in the metering apparatus of active guides 8 and orienting fingers 22 provides up to 100% filling of the cells with seeds and dosing of seeds with the apparatus. The active reflector 12 removes excess seeds from the cells, so each cell supplies only one seed to the seed tube 14.

Claims (4)

1. The sowing apparatus, including a seed box, at the bottom of which a sowing conveyor is mounted, having cells, active guides and a reflector, characterized in that the cells and active guides are placed in inserts fixed in plates and mounted on a tape equipped with a gear drive track. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that orienting fingers are installed above the active guides on leashes of various lengths. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the orienting fingers and the active guides are installed with a gap of not more than 0.5 mm. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports of the sowing conveyor are made in the form of plates.

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