RU2567028C1 - Pneumatic sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic sowing machine consists of a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, a vacuum chamber, a coulter, sowing discs with holes, mounted on the axes, a connecting sleeve, agitators and drive sprockets. The coulter is made two-levelled runner and mounted on axes of the sowing machine. And the distance between the axes L of the coulter is determined by the condition L=2a+b, mm, where a is the disc thickness, mm, and b is the width of the vacuum chamber, mm. The vacuum chamber is made in the form of an arc with slits on the sides, which outer side is connected to the air duct. Two pipes are built into the latter, opposite the direction of the air flow. From the outside of the air duct from each pipe two sleeves with different cross sections are brought. The air flow of one of them in the upper part of the sowing disc is directed perpendicular to its holes. The air flow of the other sleeve is directed in the lower part of the disc at an angle of 6-8° to the vertical axis of the sowing machine in the direction of motion of the drill. The discs are mounted with the possibility of their overturn by 180°. The holes of the discs are made in the form of a truncated cone. Ratios of the smaller diameter d₁ of the conical hole to the largest diameter d₂ and the disc thickness a, mm, are defined by the condition d₁:d₂:a=3:8:2.

EFFECT: invention has a simplified structure, advanced technological capabilities and increased operational reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing devices that can be used for simultaneous sowing of seeds of various crops.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus for sowing seeds of two cultures, containing a hopper divided by a partition into two isolated chambers, a housing with a vacuum chamber, a metering element in the form of a vertically arranged disk, on the cylindrical and end surface of which there are made suction holes-cells communicated by channels with a vacuum chamber , tedder and scraper (not shown), (USSR copyright certificate 803888, IPC A01C 7/04, 1981).

The disadvantage of this metering device is that:

a) the sowing disk is too bulky, it takes a lot of metal to produce it, which leads to high costs;

b) a mechanical scraper is used on the side of the sowing disk to remove excess sucked seeds, which damages the seeds, but there is no scraper on the front side, which violates single-grain sowing, as several seeds can stick to the hole;

c) in the lower part of the sowing disk, the seeds fall only with their own weight, which does not allow to increase the translational speed of the seeder, and some seeds generally get stuck in the holes and violate the sowing pattern;

d) the seeds of two crops are placed at the same depth of placement, which is not permissible according to agricultural rules;

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a pneumatic metering device selected as a prototype, consisting of a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, two vacuum chambers, two metering discs mounted on the axles, a connecting sleeve, two tedders, a vacuum regulator, drive asterisks (USSR copyright certificate 318355, IPC A01C 7/04, 1971).

The known device has several disadvantages:

a) two rarefaction chambers are used for sowing seeds of two crops;

b) a mechanical scraper is used to remove excess suction seeds;

c) in the lower part of the sowing disk, seeds fall only with their own weight;

d) the seeds of two crops are placed at the same depth of placement;

d) sowing seeds of different fractions requires the replacement of sowing discs.

An object of the invention is to simplify the design, expand the technical capabilities and increase the operational reliability of the pneumatic metering device.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that the pneumatic sowing device, consisting of a seed hopper, divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, a rarefaction chamber, a coulter, sowing discs with holes mounted on the axes, a connecting sleeve, tedders, drive sprockets, according to the invention is equipped a two-level skid-shaped opener mounted on the axes of the sowing apparatus, the distance between the axes L of the opener is determined by the condition L = 2a + b, mm, where a is the thickness of the disk, mm, and b is the width of the section chamber pressure, mm, the rarefaction chamber is made in the form of an arc with slots on the sides, an air duct is attached to the outer side of the arc, into which two nozzles are built to meet the air flow movement, and from the outside of the air duct, two arms with different cross sections are allocated, air flow one of them, in the upper part of the sowing disk, is directed perpendicular to the holes of the disk, and the other - in the lower part of the disk - at an angle of 6-8 ° to the vertical axis of the sowing device in the direction of movement of the seeder, the disks are installed with the possibility Strongly their revolution through 180 °, and their apertures are in the form of a truncated cone, the small-diameter ratio d1, the conical hole to the diameter d2 and the large thickness of the disk to a defined condition of d1: d2: a = 3: 8: 2.

In FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic metering device; in FIG. 2 - the same side view; in FIG. 3 - vacuum chamber; in FIG. 4 - the same, section aa; in FIG. 5 - sowing disk; in FIG. 6 - two-level skid-shaped opener.

The pneumatic sowing device contains a seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2 into two parts, a fan (not shown), an air duct 3, a vacuum chamber 4, a coulter 5, sowing discs 6 with suction holes 7 installed on the axes 8, a connecting sleeve 9, agitators 10 , asterisks 11. The rarefaction chamber 4 is made in the form of an arc, on the sides of which there are slots 12 for creating a vacuum and pressing 6 seeds of two crops on different sides of the arc to the openings 7 of the sowing discs 6. The holes 7 are made in the form of a truncated cone. Turning the discs through 180 °, you can sow different fractions of seed, while the ratios of small diameter d1, mm, conical holes to large diameter d2, mm and disk thickness a, mm, are determined by the condition d1: d2: a = 3: 8: 2.

To the duct 3 connected to the outer side of the arc of the rarefaction chamber 4, through the openings 13, two nozzles 14 are mounted to meet the movement of the air flow, one for each seed disk 6. On the outside of the duct 3, two sleeves 15 and 16 are allotted with different sections. One sleeve 15 is for removing excess seeds stuck to the holes 7 in the upper part of the sowing disks 6, the air flow of which is directed perpendicular to the holes 7. Other sleeves 16 - in the lower part of the disks 6 are installed at an angle of 6-8 ° to the vertical axis of the sowing apparatus in the direction of movement of the seeder, serving for the forced removal of seeds and giving them acceleration.

The sowing device is equipped with a two-level, skid-shaped opener 5, which allows you to place the seeds in the furrow at different depths of seeding. The distance between the axes 17 L of the coulter 5 is determined by the condition L = 2a + b, mm, where a is the thickness of the disk, mm, b is the width of the rarefaction chamber, mm, the coulter 5 is mounted on two axes 17 of the metering unit.

Pneumatic metering device operates as follows.

During operation of the sowing apparatus, the seeds from the seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2, go to the locations of the agitators 10, some of them are attached to the openings 7 of the rotary disk 6 and transported to the discharge zone. Using a fan through the air duct 3, the rarefaction chamber 4, which has slots 12 on its sides, creates rarefaction and presses the seeds of two crops to the holes 7 of the sowing discs 6 from different sides of the arc. Disks 6 are installed with the possibility of their rotation by 180 °, for sowing different fractions of seed, this allows them holes 7 having the shape of a truncated cone.

Excess seeds sucked to the holes 7 in the upper half of the sowing discs 6 are removed by air flow, by means of the sleeves 15 going from the duct 3 through the nozzle 14, perpendicular to the holes 7, since when they are directed at an angle, the probability of removing all seeds is high, which is not permissible. Other sleeves 16 - in the lower half of the disks 6, are installed at an angle α equal to 6-8 ° to the vertical axis of the sowing apparatus in the direction of movement of the seeder and serve to force the removal of seeds and give them acceleration. This angle of direction of the air flow is necessary so that during the movement of the drill the seeds blown away by the air flow fall closer to the vertical axis. It was experimentally established that if α> 8 °, then the seeds after falling roll forward, in the direction of the seeder, if α <6 °, then back, which violates the sowing pattern. Moreover, the ratios of the small diameter d1 of the conical opening of the seed disk to the large diameter d2 and to the thickness of the disk a are determined by the condition d1: d2: a = 3: 8: 2.

Air duct 3 operates simultaneously in two modes, the first one provides a vacuum in the chamber 4, and the other, using the nozzle 14 built into it, pumping air, thereby ensuring the operation of the sleeves 15 and 16.

The removed seeds in the lower part of the sowing disk 6 fall into a two-tier crawler opener 5, which places the seeds of two crops in the furrow at different insertion depths, while the distance between the axes 17 L of the opener is determined by the condition L = 2a + b, mm, where a is the thickness of the disk , mm, b - width of the rarefaction chamber, mm, the opener 5 is mounted on two axes 17 of the metering unit.

The use of the proposed pneumatic metering device expands the technical capabilities, increases operational reliability and allows to simplify the design.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing device, consisting of a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, a vacuum chamber, a coulter, sowing discs with holes mounted on the axles, a connecting sleeve, tedders and drive sprockets, characterized in that it is equipped with a two-level skid-shaped opener mounted on the axes of the metering unit, the distance between the axes L of the coulter is determined by the condition L = 2a + b, mm, where a is the thickness of the disk, mm, and b is the width of the rarefaction chamber, mm, in addition, the rarefaction chamber made in the form of an arc with slits on the sides, to the external side of which an air duct is connected, into which two nozzles are built towards the movement of the air flow, and on the outside of the air duct, two arms with different sections are allotted, and the air flow of one of them in the upper part of the sowing disk is directed perpendicular to the holes of the disk, and the other in the lower part of the disk is directed at an angle of 6-8 ° to the vertical axis of the metering device in the direction of movement of the seeder, while the disks are installed with the possibility Strongly their revolution through 180 °, and their openings are frustoconical and have a ratio of small diameter d ₁ of the conical hole to its large diameter d ₂ and a disc thickness a, defined condition d _1: d _2: a = 3: 8: 2.

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