RU2788731C1 - Pneumatic seed-sowing mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural machinery industry.

SUBSTANCE: the invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular to seed-sowing mechanisms that can be used for simultaneous sowing of seeds of various crops. The pneumatic seed-sowing mechanism contains a seed hopper divided into two parts by a partition, a fan, a vacuum chamber, an air duct into which two nozzles with sleeves are built, seeding discs with suction holes and round magnetic pads with a diameter at least not less than the diameter of the suction holes, three times less than the thickness of the disc, on which holes with a diameter of 1.5…2 mm in an amount from 1 to 5, and a two-level boat-shaped coulter are made. Each seeding disc is made of a polymer material, in the suction holes of which metal bushings are embedded. In this case, the suction holes are located with an offset from the edge of the disc by 20 mm, and the ratio of the diameters of the suction hole and the seeding disc is 1:20.

EFFECT: the invention will ensure the expansion of technical capabilities and increase operational reliability.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to sowing machines that can be used for the simultaneous sowing of seeds of various crops.

A pneumatic sowing machine for sowing seeds of two crops is known, containing a hopper divided by a partition into two isolated chambers, a housing with a vacuum chamber, a sowing element in the form of a vertically located disk, on the cylindrical and end surface of which suction holes-cells are made, communicated by channels with a vacuum chamber , tedder and scraper (not shown), (AS USSR No. 803888, IPC A01C 7/04, 1981).

The disadvantage of this sowing machine is that:

a) the seed disc is too bulky, it takes a lot of metal to make it, which leads to high costs;

b) on the side of the sowing disc, to remove excess sucked seeds, a mechanical scraper is used, which damages the seeds, and on the end side there is no scraper at all, which disrupts single-grain sowing, since several seeds can stick to the hole;

c) in the lower part of the sowing disc, the seeds fall only with the help of their own weight, which does not allow increasing the forward speed of the seeder, and some seeds generally get stuck in the holes and disrupt the sowing pattern;

d) seeds of two crops are placed at the same sowing depth, which is not correct according to agricultural rules;

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the pneumatic seeding machine selected as a prototype, including a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, seed discs with holes, a two-level skid coulter, a rarefaction chamber, an air duct into which two pipes are built with sleeves (patent RU No. 2567028, IPC A01C 7/04, 2015).

The known device has a number of disadvantages:

a) the sowing disc is made of metal, which is not economically feasible;

b) to control the seeding pattern by changing the number of holes on the seeding disk, it is necessary to replace it with the required number of holes.

The technical objective of the invention is to expand the technical feasibility and improve the operational reliability of the pneumatic sowing device.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that the pneumatic sowing machine, which includes a seed hopper divided into two parts by a partition, a fan, a rarefaction chamber, an air duct, into which two nozzles with sleeves are built, sowing discs with suction holes and round magnetic plates with a diameter of at least , not less than the diameter of the suction holes, with a thickness three times less than the thickness of the disk, on which holes with a diameter of 1.5..2 mm are made in an amount from 1 to 5, and a two-level skid coulter, according to the invention, each sowing disk is made of polymeric material, metal bushings are built into the suction holes of which, while the suction holes are located at a distance of 20 mm from the edge of the disc, and the ratio of the diameters of the suction hole and the sowing disc is 1:20.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic seeder (side view); in fig. 2 - the same, section A-A; in fig. 3 - chamber of discharge; in fig. 4 - the same, section B-B; in fig. 5 - scheme of the sowing disc without magnetic pads; in fig. 6 - scheme of the sowing disc with magnetic pads; in fig. 7 - scheme of a magnetic patch without a hole (plug) and with holes from 1 to 5 pieces; in fig. 8 - coulter with two skids; in fig. 9 - the same, with one skid.

The pneumatic sowing machine contains a seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2 into two parts, a fan (not shown), an air duct 3, a discharge chamber 4, a coulter 5, sowing discs 6 with suction holes 7 mounted on axles 8, a connecting sleeve 9, tedders 10 , stars 11. The vacuum chamber 4 is made in the form of an arc, on the sides of which there are slots 12 for creating a vacuum and pressing against the holes 7 of the sowing discs 6 seeds of two crops from different sides of the arc.

To the air duct 3, connected to the outer side of the arc of the rarefaction chamber 4, through the holes 13, two pipes 14 are built in to meet the movement of the air flow, one for each sowing disc 6. On the outer side of the air duct 3, two sleeves 15 and 16 different sections. Some sleeves 15 serve to remove excess seeds stuck to the holes 7 in the upper part of the sowing disks 6, while the air flow is directed perpendicular to the holes 7. Other sleeves 16 are located in the lower part of the disks 6 and serve to force the removal of seeds and give them acceleration.

The sowing disk 6 is made of polymeric material. Holes 7 of the sowing disc 6 are made with built-in metal bushings 18. Holes 7 with bushings 18 are spaced 20 mm from the edge of the disc 6. The disc 6 is equipped with round magnetic pads 19 with a diameter at least not less than the diameter of the hole 7. The ratio of the diameters of the suction hole 7 and the sowing disc 6 is 1:20, the ratio of the thickness of the magnetic pad 19 to the thickness of the sowing disc 6 is 1:3. On magnetic pads 19, up to 5 holes 20 with a diameter of 1.5 ... 2 mm are made. The number of holes 20 depends on the required number of seeds to be sown per linear meter.

• Polymeric material for seeding disc 6 was chosen, firstly, from an economic point of view, a polymeric seeding disc is much cheaper than a metal one, and secondly, it is less wear-resistant, hence it has a longer service life, better tolerates moisture, does not rust, damages less seeds because it has a lower coefficient of friction.

• Metal bushings 18 are used to make it possible to cover the holes with magnetic pads 19, since the magnet is only attracted to the metal surface.

• The maximum number of holes 20 on the magnetic pads 19 is four, since it can no longer fit, since the diameter of the hole on the sowing disc is 6-5 mm, and the diameter of the magnetic pad 19 is slightly larger than it, and less than 4 is unreasonable, based on the sowing rate of small seeds cultures.

• The diameter of the hole 20 on the magnetic pads 19 from 1.5 to 2 mm is selected taking into account the parameters of the seed, if the holes are with a smaller diameter, then the seeds will not stick well, if they are large, they can slip through the holes, which will lead to losses seeds and reduced yield.

• The ratio of the diameters of the suction hole 7 and the seeding disc 6 is 1:20, since it is known that the constructive size of the diameter of the disc 6 for a vacuum seeding machine is about 100 mm and it turns out that the size of the hole on the seeding disc is 5 mm.

• The ratio of the thickness of the magnetic lining 19 to the thickness of the sowing disc 6 - 1:3 is selected based on the existing parameter of the thickness of the sowing disc 6, which is 2.5 ... 3 mm, in this case the maximum thickness of the lining 19 will be 1 mm, and more is not advisable.

Universal pneumatic seeding machine works as follows.

Before starting work, the metal bushings 18, built into the holes 7 of the polymer disk 6, are covered with magnetic pads 19 with a predetermined number of holes 20. During the operation of the sowing machine, the seeds from the seed bin 1 divided by a partition 2 arrive at the locations of the tedders 10. Part of the seeds the routes are attached to the holes 20 of the magnetic pads 19.

Excess seeds stuck to the holes 20 in the upper half of the sowing discs 6 are removed by the air flow from the sleeve 15, then the seeds pressed against the holes 20 of the magnetic lining 19 are mixed to the place where the seeds are dumped, where the seeds are removed by the air flow through the sleeve 16 in the lower part of the sowing disk 6 and fall into a two-level skid-shaped coulter 5, which places the seeds of two crops in the furrow at different embedment depths. The distance L between the axes 17 of the coulter is determined by the condition L=2a+b, mm, where a is the thickness of the disk, mm, b is the width of the rarefaction chamber, mm.

The presence of magnetic pads 19 with a different number of holes 20 allows the sowing machine to sow seeds according to a different sowing pattern - dotted, combined and nested methods. The presence of a deaf magnetic lining 19 in the kit makes it possible to change the distance between the seeds in a row.

For sowing seeds in a dotted way, seeds of one crop are loaded into one half of the hopper of the sowing machine, using one disk 6 with a magnetic lining 19, for example, with one hole 20.

If it is necessary to double the row spacing, cover all holes 20 of both disks 6 of each second sowing machine of the seeder section with magnetic pads 19. In this case, every second seeder section will work, which means, for example, that if the row spacing in a multi-row seeder is 35 cm, then the between rows will double and be 70 cm.

When sowing seeds in a dotted way, it is necessary to install a coulter with one skid.

The universal pneumatic sowing machine for sowing seeds of grain crops allows for dotted, combined and nested sowing of seeds with different sowing patterns of various crops on the same area without additional operating and financial costs.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing machine, including a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, a rarefaction chamber, an air duct into which two branch pipes with sleeves are built, sowing discs with suction holes and round magnetic pads with a diameter at least not less than the diameter of the suction holes , with a thickness three times less than the thickness of the disc, on which holes with a diameter of 1.5 ... bushings, while the suction holes are located at a distance of 20 mm from the edge of the disc, and the ratio of the diameters of the suction hole and the sowing disc is 1:20.

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