RU2761656C1 - Seeding unit of pneumatic seeder with universal metering system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to seeding devices that can be used for the simultaneous sowing of seeds of various crops. The sowing device of a pneumatic seeder with a universal metering system contains a seed hopper, divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, seeding discs with holes, a two-level skid opener, a vacuum chamber, an air duct, into which two branch pipes with sleeves are built. The sowing discs are equipped with pads installed with the possibility of rotation relative to the disc. The thickness of the pads is half the thickness of the disc. The gap between the disc and the pad is 0.5-1.0 mm. The holes on the discs and pads are made in four equidistant groups of three holes with a distance between them of 4...5 mm for sowing row-crop seeds and 2..3 mm for fodder crops. The centers of the holes of each group at the disc and the pad coincide, and the distance between the groups of holes is determined by the condition S ≥ 3d + 2a, mm, where S is the intergroup distance, mm; d - hole diameter, mm; а - the distance between the holes in the group.

EFFECT: use of the invention will expand the technological capabilities by sowing seeds using dotted, combined, nesting methods and by changing the seeding patterns.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to seeding devices that can be used for the simultaneous sowing of seeds of various crops.

Known pneumatic sowing device for sowing seeds of two crops, containing a hopper, divided by a partition into two isolated chambers, a housing with a vacuum chamber, a sowing element in the form of a vertically located disc, on the cylindrical and end surface of which there are suction holes-cells communicated by channels with a vacuum chamber , a tedder and a scraper (not shown), (and.with. USSR No. 803888, IPC A01C 7/04, 1981).

The disadvantage of this sowing device is that:

a) the seeding disc is too bulky, it takes a lot of metal to manufacture, which leads to high costs;

b) on the side of the sowing disc, to remove excess sucked seeds, a mechanical scraper is used, which damages the seeds, and on the end side of the scraper there is no scraper at all, which disrupts single-grain sowing, since several seeds can stick to the hole;

c) in the lower part of the sowing disc, the seeds fall only with their own weight, which does not allow increasing the forward speed of the seeder, and some seeds generally get stuck in the holes and disrupt the sowing pattern;

d) the seeds of two crops are placed at the same planting depth, which is not permissible according to agricultural rules.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a pneumatic sowing device selected as a prototype, including a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, sowing discs with holes, a two-level skid-shaped opener, a vacuum chamber, an air duct in which two branch pipes are built with sleeves (patent RU No. 2567028, IPC A01C 7/04, 2015).

The known device has several disadvantages:

a) the device does not sow seeds in a nesting way with a different number of seeds in a nest with a different pitch;

b) to adjust the seeding pattern by changing the number of holes on the seeding disc, it must be replaced with the required number of holes.

The technical objective of the invention is to expand technological capabilities by sowing seeds with dotted, combined, nested methods and changing the seeding patterns, improving the ecology.

The technical task is achieved by the fact that a pneumatic sowing device with a universal metering system, including a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, seeding discs with holes, a two-level skid-shaped opener, a vacuum chamber, an air duct in which two branch pipes with sleeves are built, According to the invention, the seeding discs are equipped with pads installed with the possibility of rotation relative to the disc, the thickness of the pads is half the thickness of the disc, the gap between the disc and the pad is 0.5-1.0 mm, the holes on the discs and pads are made in four equidistant groups of three holes with a distance between them 4 ... 5 mm for sowing row-crop seeds and 2..3 mm for forage crops, the centers of the holes of each group at the disc and the pad coincide, and the distance between the groups of holes is determined by the condition S ≥ 3d + 2a, mm, where S is the intergroup distance , mm; d - hole diameter, mm; a - the distance between the holes in the group.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic sowing device with a universal metering system (side view); in fig. 2 - the same, section A-A; in fig. 3 - vacuum chamber; in fig. 4 - the same, section BB; in fig. 5 is a diagram of a seeding disc with four groups of three holes; in fig. 6 is a diagram of an overlay with four groups of three holes; in fig. 7 - opener with two skids; in fig. 8 - the same, with one runner.

A pneumatic sowing device with a universal metering system contains a seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2 into two parts, a fan (not shown), an air duct 3, a vacuum chamber 4, a coulter 5, seeding discs 6 with suction holes 7 mounted on axles 8, a connecting sleeve 9, agitators 10, sprockets 11. The vacuum chamber 4 is made in the form of an arc, on the sides of which there are slots 12 for creating a vacuum and pressing the seeds of two crops to the holes 7 of the sowing discs 6 from different sides of the arc.

To the air duct 3, connected to the outer side of the arc of the vacuum chamber 4, through the holes 13, two branch pipes 14 are built, directed against the movement of the air flow, one for each seeding disc 6. On the outer side of the air duct 3 from each branch pipe 14, two sleeves 15 and 16 different sections. Some of the sleeves 15 are used to remove excess seeds that have adhered to the holes 7 in the upper part of the seeding discs 6, while the air flow is directed perpendicular to the holes 7. Other sleeves 16 are located in the lower part of the discs 6 and are installed at an angle of 6 - 8 ° to the vertical axis of the sowing apparatus in the direction of movement of the seeder, they serve to force the removal of seeds and give them acceleration.

The sowing device is equipped with a two-level runner-shaped opener 5, which allows placing seeds in the furrow at different planting depths. The distance between the axes 17 L of the opener 5 is determined by the condition - L = 2a + b, mm, where a is the thickness of the disc mm, b is the width of the rarefaction chamber, mm. The opener 5 is mounted on two axes 17 of the seeding unit.

Discs 6 are made with pads 18 installed with the ability to rotate relative to the disk, the thickness of the pad 18 is half the thickness of the disk 6, and the gap between the disk 6 and the pad 18 is 0.5-1.0 mm, holes 19 and 20 on the disks 6 and pads 18 are made in four equidistant groups of three holes. The distance between holes 19 and 20 is 4 ... 5 mm for sowing row-crop seeds and 2..3 mm for forage crops. The centers of the holes 19 and 20 of each group on the discs 6 and overlays 18 coincide. The distance between the groups of holes 19 and 20 is determined by the condition S ≥ 3d + 2a, mm, where S is the intergroup distance, mm; d - hole diameter 19 and 20, mm; a - the distance between holes 19 and 20 in the group.

The pneumatic sowing device works as follows.

During the operation of the sowing device, the seeds from the seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2, go to the locations of the tedders 10, some of them on the way are sucked to the holes 19 on the rotating discs 6 and are transported to the discharge zone.

With the help of a fan, a vacuum is created in the chamber 4, and the seeds of the two crops are pressed against the holes 19 on the seeding discs 6 from different sides of the arc. Discs 6 are equipped with pads 18 with holes 20 for sowing seed of different fractions.

Excess seeds adhered to the holes 19 in the upper half of the seeding discs 6 are removed by air flow from the sleeve 15 coming from the air duct 3 through the branch pipe 14 perpendicular to the holes 19. When the flow is directed at an angle, it is likely that all seeds will be removed, which is not acceptable. The sleeves 16 in the lower half of the discs 6 are installed at an angle α equal to 6-8 ° to the vertical axis 17 of the seeding device in the direction of movement of the seeder and serve to forcibly remove seeds and give them acceleration. This angle of direction of the air flow is necessary so that during the movement of the seeder the seeds removed by the air flow fall closer to the vertical axis. It has been experimentally established that if the angle α> 8 °, then the seeds, after falling, roll forward, in the direction of the seeder, if α <6 °, then - backward, which violates the sowing pattern.

Air duct 3 operates simultaneously in two modes, the first one creates a vacuum in chamber 4, and the other, with the help of a nozzle 14 built into it, pumps air and ensures the operation of hoses 15 and 16.

The removed seeds in the lower part of the sowing disc 6 fall into a two-level runner-shaped opener 5, which places the seeds of two crops in the furrow at different planting depths, while the distance between the axes 17 L of the opener is determined by the condition L = 2a + b, mm, where a is the thickness disk, mm, b - rarefaction chamber width, mm.

The pads 18, making a rotational clockwise movement, overlap, for example, one hole in each group, thus, 8 holes remain on the disks as workers. This means that the sowing of seeds is carried out with two parallel discs of two seeds in a nest of two different crops, for example row crops and legumes.

With further displacement of the pad 18 in a circle, for example, one seed remains in the group, in which case the sowing of the seeds of the two crops is carried out in a combined way, one seed per crop.

In the case when the holes 19 and 20 in the groups are not blocked, the seeds are sown by the nesting method, 3 seeds per nest.

For sowing seeds in a dotted manner, seeds of one crop are loaded into one half of the hopper of the sowing device, using a disc and a pad, for example, with four equidistant holes, the number of which depends on the required number of sown seeds per running meter. In this case, the seeds are sown in one row with the same seeding step. If it is necessary to close all the holes on the seeding disc, the pad is sufficiently turned to a distance equal to the diameter of the hole on the disc, such a need arises when it is necessary to increase the row spacing, which is achieved by overlapping the disc holes with a pad of the seeding device of every second section of the seeder.

By overlapping the holes with a pad, you can change the row spacing. For example, if in a multi-row seeder with a row spacing of 35 cm, overlap every second disc of the sowing device, then every second section will work and the distance between the rows will double to 70 cm.

When sowing seeds in a dotted manner, it is necessary to install the opener with one skid.

The proposed sowing technology for cereal crops allows for dotted, combined and nested sowing of seeds with different sowing schemes for various crops on the same area without additional operating and financial costs, improve the ecological situation of the environment by reducing the number of passes of the unit.

Claims (1)

The sowing device of a pneumatic seeder with a universal metering system, including a seed hopper divided by a partition into two parts, a fan, an air duct, seeding discs with holes, a two-level skid-shaped opener, vacuum chambers and an air duct, in which two branch pipes with sleeves are integrated, characterized in that, that the seeding discs are equipped with pads installed with the ability to rotate relative to the disc, and the thickness of the pads is half the thickness of the disc, the gap between the disc and the pad is 0.5-1.0 mm, the holes on the discs and pads are made in four equidistant groups of three holes with a distance between they are 4 ... 5 mm for sowing row-crop seeds and 2..3 mm for forage crops, and the centers of the holes of each group at the disc and the pad coincide, while the distance between the groups of holes is determined by the conditionS ≥ 3d + 2a, mm, whereS- intergroup distance, mm;d- hole diameter, mm;a - distance between holes in a group.

Images