RU82511U1 - SOWING DEVICE FOR ORIENTED SOWING ONION-SEVKA - Google Patents

Abstract

The sowing device for oriented sowing of onion-set, containing the hopper, a pneumomechanical sowing device made in the form of a hollow drum, characterized in that between the hopper and the sowing device a vibration chute is pivotally suspended, which is equipped with an eccentric and inclined to the horizon at an angle of 5-10 ° greater than the angle of friction of the bulbs sliding on the sheet metal, a through groove is made at the exit of the vibrating trough, and a groove is made on the radial surface of the metering device, having a cross section SRI curved line over the entire circumference of the bottom groove is provided with through lateral slits.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for sowing onion sets, more precisely, to the sowing devices of onion sets during sowing.

Known machines for sowing onion seed sets SLN-8A and SLS-12, SLS-5,4 (Andreev Yu.M. Vegetable growing: Textbook for the head of vocational education - Moscow: Publishing Center Center "Academy", 2003.-256 p. .: ill.), which are used in agriculture. The main disadvantages of the mentioned machines are the high uneven distribution of the bulbs along the row and their arbitrary location in the furrow (according to the agrotechnical requirements, the bulbs should be placed bottom-to-bottom, upright), which is associated with the operation of the sowing apparatuses installed on these machines and their considerable height relative to bottom of the furrow.

Known sowing-disk sowing apparatus (Zinoviev, Yu.I. Apparatus for sowing onion sets / J.I. Zinoviev, B.M. Baranovich // Potatoes and vegetables. - 1970.- No. 11. - P. 25) the horizontal axis of rotation, in which the annular groove serves as the sowing element. The metering unit is located under the hopper. On the cylindrical surface of the disk there are reefs for better capture of bulbs from the hopper and feeding them into the groove. When the disk rotates under a layer of onions in the feeding chamber, an annular groove of the disk is filled, which is facilitated by reefs on its cylindrical surface. Partitions located on the radial surface of the groove eliminate slipping of bulbs in the groove and transport them to the furrow.

The disadvantages of the apparatus are the lack of orientation of the bulbs upside down, damage to them, the need to calibrate the bulbs and use only on a rounded shape for planting onions.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a French pneumomechanical disk apparatus with a horizontal axis of rotation (Pat. 1527099 France MKI ¹ C1 A 01 / C. Societe Bordron Freres Dispositif pour la Plantation autonigus de bulbes doignon ou Sinilaries.Brevet dinventiom.22.04.68 ) The capture of bulbs and their transportation to the place of ejection is combined: mechanical - with forks and pneumatic - with suction holes.

The pneumomechanical device itself is made in the form of a hollow drum. On the rim of the drum there are holes with a diameter slightly larger than the size of the bulb. Outside, a flexible elastic band (ring) is worn on the rim with holes smaller than on the rim. The centers of the holes of the rim and the flexible strip are the same. When creating a vacuum in the inner cavity of the drum, a flexible strip is drawn into the holes of the drum and forms nests (cells) to which the bulbs are attached. The forks are mounted on movable rings, and the suction holes on the rotating housing at the base of the forks. At the bottom of the hopper there are slots for the passage of forks. When the casing rotates, the forks pass through the slots of the hopper, capture the bulbs, leading them to the suction hole. Under the influence of forks and suction efforts, the bulbs are removed from the hopper and transported to the coulter, where after shielding the vacuum they fall into the furrow formed by the coulter.

The disadvantages of the described apparatus are: no orientation of the bulbs, the complexity of the design of the apparatus, damage to the bulbs when they are selected with forks from the hopper, the possible uneven layout of the bulbs along the row.

The present invention is directed to down-oriented sowing of onion-onion bulbs, to increase their uniformity of distribution when laying along the row, to simplify the design of the device.

The problem is solved in that in the sowing device for oriented sowing of onion sets containing the hopper, a pneumomechanical sowing device, made in the form of a hollow drum, between the hopper and the sowing

the apparatus is articulated by a vibrating chute, which is equipped with an eccentric and inclined to the horizon at an angle of 5-10 ° more than the angle of friction of the bulbs sliding on sheet metal, a through groove is made at the exit of the vibrating chute, a groove is made on the radial surface of the metering device, having a cross section in cross section a curved line, through the entire circumference of the bottom of the groove, through transverse slots are made.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 presents the technological scheme of the sowing device. In Fig.2 sowing apparatus (front and side views).

The sowing device for oriented sowing of onion seed consists of a hopper 1, a vibration chute 2 and a sowing apparatus 3. On the bottom of the hopper 1 is mounted a pivotally vibrating chute 2 at an angle to the horizon 5-10 ° more than the sliding friction angle of the bulbs on sheet metal, and the upper end of the vibration chute is located under the discharge window of the hopper 1, and the lower one above the groove of the metering unit 3.

Vibration chute 2 is intended for single-piece supply of bulbs oriented with a pin down to the sowing apparatus 3. It is an open chute with inclined walls and a curved bottom surface, at the lower end of the vibration chute 2 there is an orienting groove B for orientation of the bulbs. The vibration chute 2 oscillates under the action of the eccentric mechanism 4, which is connected to the vibration chute 2 by a connecting rod.

The sowing apparatus 3 is designed to transport the bulbs from the vibrating trough 2 to the sowing place and stacking them down the furrow. It consists of a housing 5 and a cover 6, forming a hollow drum in which a vacuum is created, for which a hollow tube 8 with holes is connected to it, on which a screen 9 is mounted, designed to separate the zones of rarefaction and atmospheric pressure. On the radial surface of the metering apparatus 3, a groove 7 is made having a curved line in cross section. Through the entire circumference of the bottom of the groove 7 is made through transverse slots

10, through which the vacuum created inside the seed drum enters the groove 7. To prevent premature bulb fall, the seed meter 3 is equipped with a protective casing 11.

The sowing device operates as follows. Bulbs falling from the hopper 1 onto the vibration chute 2 in an arbitrary position, due to the design of the vibration chute 2, the forces of inertia and gravity, as well as the physicomechanical properties of the onion set, line up one bulb and are transported to the exit of the vibration chute 2 in a stable position with reliance on the pole (point 1) and the body (point 2). Having reached the through groove B, the bulb loses its fulcrum with a stick (point 1) and turns upside down and enters the sowing apparatus 3 into the rarefaction zone of the groove 7. Since the density of the sticks is much lower than the density of the bulb body, the stick is immediately attracted through slots 10 to the surface of the groove 7 and is transported to the sowing place, where the screen 9 of the sowing apparatus cuts off the vacuum and the bulb is placed downward from a small height into a furrow. In the event of a break in the pole, the premature fall of the bulb is insured with a protective casing 11.

As a result of the described, a high degree of orientation of the bulbs is achieved due to the physical properties of the onion set (the presence of a pole and a different density of the pole and body) and their ability to orient themselves in the air flow by the pole in the direction of air movement, and a high degree of uniformity of the distribution of bulbs along the row is also achieved how the supply of bulbs goes on piece by piece.

The proposed device compared with the prototype allows 1.5-2 times to reduce the cost of the sowing process and increase productivity by 20-25%. The mechanism is not complicated in design and operation.

Claims (1)

The sowing device for oriented sowing of onion-set, containing the hopper, a pneumomechanical sowing device made in the form of a hollow drum, characterized in that between the hopper and the sowing device a vibration chute is pivotally suspended, which is equipped with an eccentric and inclined to the horizon at an angle of 5-10 ° greater than the angle of friction of the bulbs sliding on the sheet metal, a through groove is made at the exit of the vibrating trough, and a groove is made on the radial surface of the metering device, having a cross section SRI curved line over the entire circumference of the bottom groove is provided with through lateral slits.