RU2661394C1 - Universal cone sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: universal cone sowing machine contains a seed hopper, a metering device. Latter is made in the form of a truncated, straight hollow cone, which is mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis. Smaller and larger bases of the cone end in rings. And the ring of the smaller base of the cone is connected to the seed hopper. Through the ring of the larger base of the cone, the through-hole cells for the seeds are made and it is closed from the front with a lid having a cylindrical rim. Latter is configured to pivot about a horizontal axis and lock. Cells for the seeds of the larger base of the cone are formed by triangular bridges located vertically outwards on the ring of the larger base. End part of the jumpers adjoins the cover. In this case, the cylindrical rim covering the through-holes is located on ½ part of the circumference of the lid.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to ensure the seeding of grain crops and the accurate sowing of tilled crops.

1 cl, 11 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a universal conical sowing apparatus, and can be used in seeders for sowing seeds of cereal and row crops: wheat, sunflower, corn, etc.

State of the art

Known internal-seeding sowing apparatus of the seeder, containing a ring rotating around a horizontal axis, on the inner surface of which are made ribs. When the ring rotates, the seeds coming from the hopper into the housing are captured by ribs, rise to a certain height and sprinkled into the open part of the housing, entering the seed tube (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos, 2006 , p. 155 ... 155).

The disadvantage is that the open part of the body is located at the same height and its position is not regulated, which makes it difficult to set the required dose of seeds for different crops.

Known sowing apparatus of a row seeder, including a drum, on both sides of which are sowing discs. In one of them oblong cells are made, into which an adjusting ring enters. In another disk, through cells are made, opposite which there are local grooves with shutters. (Patent RU 2294080, IPC A01C 7/00, Rudenko N.E., Kulaev E.V. The sowing apparatus of a row seeder, published 02.27.2007, bull. No. 6).

The disadvantages of this metering device is the complicated design and adjustment system.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive result and taken by the authors for the prototype is the seeder apparatus of the seeder, made in the form of a truncated straight cone rotating around a horizontal axis. A ring with through cells is installed in the end part of a larger diameter (lower base). It is closed by a lid that can be rotated around a horizontal axis. (Patent RU 239974, IPC A01C 7/04, Rudenko N.E., Kulaev E.V. Seeder sowing apparatus, published November 20, 2004, bull. No. 32).

The main disadvantage of this invention is the limited functionality, namely, that it can only sow the seeds of row crops. He does not sow seeds of cereal crops.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a universal cone sowing apparatus, which solves the technical problem of ensuring the possibility of sowing seeds of cereal crops and the exact sowing of seeds of row crops: corn and sunflower.

The technical result of the invention is reduced to the possibility of sowing seeds of cereal crops and the exact sowing of seeds of row crops: corn and sunflower.

части окружности крышки.The technical result of the invention is achieved using a universal cone metering device containing a seed hopper, a metering device in the form of a truncated straight hollow cone mounted for rotation around a horizontal axis, the smaller and larger bases of which end with rings, and the ring of the smaller base of the cone is connected to the hopper for seeds, and on the ring of its larger base, through cells for seeds are made and it is closed on the front side by a lid having of cylindrical rim rotatable about a horizontal axis and fixation, characterized in that the seed cells formed by triangular webs arranged on the ring vertices outside of the larger base, the end portion adjacent to the lid, the cylindrical rim, closing the through-cell is located on

parts of the circumference of the cover.

In a universal conical metering device, the cover with a rim is made with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axis and fixation.

In a universal conical sowing device, the angle of the truncated straight cone exceeds the permissible slope angle of the field topography.

In the universal conical metering device, the jumpers in the through cells are made triangular and the peaks outward.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

In FIG. 1 - is a diagram of a universal conical metering apparatus, side view.

In FIG. 2 - cover, side view.

In FIG. 3 - cover, front view.

In FIG. 4 - sector with a groove, side view.

In FIG. 5 - sleeve with knitting needles, front view.

In FIG. 6 is a front view of the exact sowing of seeds.

In FIG. 7 is a side view of a single seed output into the vas deferens.

In FIG. 8 is a front view of a conventional sowing of seeds.

In FIG. 9 is a diagram of the exit of the mass of seeds into the vas deferens, side view.

In FIG. 10 - dependence of the number of sown seeds on the frequency of rotation.

In FIG. 11 - dependence of the mass of sown seeds on the frequency of rotation.

The implementation of the invention

часть которой снабжена ободом 9, который закрывает сквозные ячейки 6. На крышке 8 размещен хвостовик 10 (фиг. 3), соединенный с сектором 11 (фиг. 4). На секторе 11 имеется криволинейный паз 12. Отверстие 13 на хвостовике 10 выполнено с возможностью совмещения с криволинейным пазом 12. Крышка 8 при повороте вокруг горизонтальной оси фиксируется болтом (не показано) через отверстие 13 в паз 12. Крышка 8 надета на приводной вал 14. На вал 14 надет также усеченный прямой конус 1. Для этого в центре тяжести усеченного прямого конуса 1 размещена втулка 15 (фиг. 5) со спицами 16, которая винтом 17 закреплена к приводному валу 14, при этом крышка 8 с ободом 9 выполнена с возможностью поворота вокруг горизонтальной оси и фиксации, а угол усеченного прямого конуса 1 превышает допустимый угол уклона рельефа поля.The universal conical metering device contains a truncated straight cone 1, which ends with rings 2 and 3. The upper ring 3 is connected to the seed hopper 4 having a shutter 5, through the cell 6 through the circumference are placed through the cell 6 with jumpers 7 made of triangular and vertices outward (Fig. 7). On the front side of the lower ring 2 there is a cover 8 (Fig. 2),

part of which is equipped with a rim 9, which closes the through cells 6. On the lid 8 there is a shank 10 (Fig. 3) connected to the sector 11 (Fig. 4). Sector 11 has a curved groove 12. The hole 13 on the shank 10 is adapted to align with the curved groove 12. The cover 8 is rotated around the horizontal axis by a bolt (not shown) through the hole 13 in the groove 12. The cover 8 is worn on the drive shaft 14. A truncated straight cone 1 is also put on the shaft 14. For this, a sleeve 15 (Fig. 5) with spokes 16 is placed in the center of gravity of the truncated straight cone 1, which is screwed to the drive shaft 14 by a screw 17, while the cover 8 with the rim 9 is configured turning around horizontal os and fixation, and the angle of the truncated straight cone 1 exceeds the allowable slope angle of the field topography.

Design parameters are determined.

The diameter of the upper base of the truncated straight cone 1 (inlet) must meet the condition:

D _at ≥3C _max + d _pv ,

where C _max - the maximum length of the seed, mm;

d _PV - the diameter of the drive shaft, mm

Of the row crops, the most common are taken: corn and sunflower.

The sizes of corn and sunflower seeds were determined:

a - thickness, b - width, c - length. Set for corn: and _av = 4.0 mm; and _max = 5.0 mm; b _av = 7.6 mm; b _max = 10 mm; with _avg = 10.8 mm; with _max = 13 mm. For sunflower: a _avg = 3.7 mm; and _max = 4.0 mm; b _av = 6.5 mm; b _max = 8 mm; with _avg = 12.0 mm; with _max = 13 mm.

Based on this: With _max = 13 mm Diameter of a drive shaft: d _pv = 15 mm.

Hence: D _at ≥3⋅13 + 15≥54 mm. Accepted: D _in = 54 mm.

Sowing seeders of the SUPN-8A type use seed discs with the number of suction holes: K _O = 14 and 21.

. По аналогии принимают количество ячеек 6 на нижнем кольце 2: К_О=18.

. By analogy, the number of cells 6 on the lower ring 2 is taken: K _O = 18.

The width of the cells 6 b _I should be equal to the maximum value of the width of the seed (corn, sunflower):

b _i = b _{C max} = 10 mm

and the length of cell 6 is equal to the maximum value of the length of the seed:

;

.

;

.

The total width of the cell and jumper: W = b _i + W _p = 10 + 4 = 14 mm.

With this in mind, the diameter of the lower base of the truncated straight cone 1:

;

;

Accepted: D _H = 80 mm.

The length of the truncated straight cone 1 is determined by the following relationship:

where r is the radius of the upper base, mm;

β - angle of repose of seeds, degrees.

For wheat: β = 35 °.

Received: L = 80 mm.

The angle between the generatrix of the truncated straight cone 1 and the horizontal (cone angle):

; α_к=9°.

; α _k = 9 °.

The width of the rim 9 of the cover 8:

where Δ _n is the thickness of the rim of the ring with cells, mm;

Δ _z - the gap between the cover and the lower base, mm

Then: Ш _О = 13 + 4 + 1 = 18 mm.

The rotation frequency of the truncated straight cone, at which the movement along the horizontal axis of the seeds stops, is called critical n _cr (s ^-1 ). This happens if:

After converting and simplifying this dependency:

;

;

.

.

The maximum working speed of the truncated straight cone 1: n _max = 0.8 n _cr ; n _max = 0.8⋅2.5 = 2 s ^-1 .

It is necessary to work at a speed not exceeding 2 s ^-1 (120 min ^-1 ).

Precise Dotted Seeding

Number of seeds sown:

- on one running meter (on 1 m):

where V is the speed of the working movement of the seeder, m / s,

- on one hectare:

where in _m is the row spacing, m

From here they find the rotation frequency necessary for sowing the required number of seeds per hectare:

Normal (unordered) seeding

It is used for sowing seeds of cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye).

The sowing device must sow a dose of seeds corresponding to the sowing rate (kg / ha).

The dose of sowing seeds is determined by the following formula:

where ϕ is the angle of friction of seeds on the surface of the body, deg;

ρ is the bulk density of seeds, kg / m ³ .

For example, at V - 3 m / s; ϕ = 19 °; ρ = 800 kg / m ³ ; n is 1 s ^-1 ; in _m = 0.15 m:

Q = 178 kg / ha.

At a cone rotation frequency of n = 2 s ^-1, Q = 356 kg / ha.

To control the seeding dose, in addition to the rotational speed of the truncated straight cone 1, the speed of the working movement of the sowing unit V is used.

So at V = 2 m / s; n = 2 s ^-1 Q = 480 kg / ha.

It is convenient to carry out operations with the selection of speed using a graph (Fig. 11)

The technological process of the universal conical sowing apparatus is as follows.

When accurately sowing the cover 8 is rotated around a horizontal axis and set the end part of the rim 9 at an angle to the horizontal plane equal to or slightly greater than the angle of internal friction of the seeds ϕ _in .

For example, for corn seeds: ϕ _in = 20 °.

During operation, the seeds from the hopper 4 fall into a truncated straight cone 1. Due to the forces of friction of the seeds on the surface of the cone 1 and the inclination of the wall of the cone 1 during rotation, they move along the horizontal axis and reach the lower ring 2. The seeds fall into cells 6 and are kept from falling out the rim 9 of the lid 8. When approaching the cutoff of the rim 9, one seed remains in the cells, and the rest lying on them crumble under their own weight. The seeds remaining in the cells fall through the edge of the rim 9.

The wall thickness of the truncated straight cone 1 is equal to 0.6 of the thickness of the seed. This ensures that jumper 7 captures only one seed. In addition, the jumper 7 has the form of a triangle located with the apex outward. This allows the seed to fall out not to grab it and raise it, but to drop it on the inclined side of the triangle.

Due to self-emptying of seeds when filling cells 6, and not forced cleaning, as is now done in precision seeders, their damage is excluded.

When sowing, for example, wheat seeds, the cover 8 is rotated around the horizontal axis by the shank 10 until the rim 9 is in the upper position, the lower part of the ring 2 becomes free, the rim does not close it. Seeds during rotation of the truncated straight cone 1 flow down from it. The dose is controlled by the speed of the truncated straight cone 1.

In the process of moving the spokes 16, they stir up the seeds, preventing them from being grouped into lumps.

The number of seeds supplied to the truncated straight cone 1 is regulated by a shutter 5.

The sowing unit is small in size and simple in design (k). It is very convenient to manufacture using additive technologies.

The proposed cone sowing apparatus is an apparatus that provides the sowing of seeds of both cereal crops and row crops. This will allow to exclude from production non-technological sectional row seeders, most of which are equipped with compressors, pneumatic sowing machines with wipers of excess sucked seeds, and small-sized seed bins.

Claims (2)

1. A universal conical metering device comprising a seed hopper, a metering device in the form of a truncated straight hollow cone mounted for rotation around a horizontal axis, the smaller and larger bases of which end in rings, the ring of the smaller base of the cone being connected to the seed hopper, and through the ring of its larger base, through cells for seeds are made and it is closed on the end side by a lid having a cylindrical rim rotatably rotated around and fixing the second axis, characterized in that the seed cells formed by triangular webs arranged on the ring vertices outside of the larger base, the end portion adjacent to the lid, the cylindrical rim, closing the through-cell is located on

parts of the circumference of the cover. 2. The universal cone metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of truncation of the straight cone exceeds the permissible angle of inclination of the field topography.

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