RU2316928C2 - Drill for tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for sowing of tilled crop seeds and simultaneously for application of fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: drill has furrow cutter mounted on frame having carrier wheels, hoppers for fertilizers and seeds, devices for pointed seed sowing and pointed application of fertilizers, and covering roll. Devices for pointed sowing of seeds and pointed application of fertilizers have single rotational drive kinematically connected with drill carrier wheel. Furrow cutter is formed as wedge to which shields-brackets are attached. Devices for pointed sowing of seeds and pointed application of fertilizers are formed as disks having similar diameters and equipped with single drive formed as gear. Said devices are arranged in single plane between shields-brackets. Disk for pointed sowing of seeds is positioned higher than disk for pointed application of fertilizer and has seed guide located in its lower part and adapted for forming cut in furrow wall above its bottom. Output opening of bottom is arranged in plane parallel to plane of disks and is offset relative to disk for pointed sowing of seeds backward in direction opposite to direction of advancement of drill.

EFFECT: improved process for synchronized feeding of tilled crop seeds and portions of fertilizers, reduced consumption of power for furrow forming process, and increased yield of farm crops.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seeders used for sowing row crops with the simultaneous application of fertilizers.

Known seeder containing a frame, a hopper for storing fertilizers and seeds, openers. The latter are made with metering bodies for feeding in controlled amounts of seeds and fertilizers contained in the hopper. Openers for seed application are made in the form of chisel openers. Behind them, deepening guide rollers are installed. The coulters are located in several transverse rows one after the other. At the rear of the chisel openers are disk coulters mounted in at least one transverse row. They are located at a distance from each other equal to twice the distance in the row between the chisel openers [RU 2265982 C2, A01C 7/00, 06/25/2002. Seeder]. However, this seeder does not provide synchronization of fertilizer and seed application.

Known seeder containing two or more hoppers for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices located in the lower part in the form of hollow rotating drums with radial cells made in the form of a truncated cone, the size of which depends on the size of the sown seeds, the type and amount of fertilizer applied. The cells on the drums are arranged in such a way that when they are connected together, isosceles triangles are formed on the reamer of the drums. Inside the rotating drums is a fixed tube of the pneumatic system with holes in the lower part. The sowing drums carry out synchronous rotation during sowing to ensure that seeds and fertilizers enter the same furrow location. The synchronous rotation of the drums is provided by their kinematic connection with the seeder wheel and depends on the path and speed of the seeder. The distance between the longitudinal axes of the drums is a multiple of the circumference of the drum of a smaller diameter [RU 2154368 C2, A01C 7/04, 02/02/1993. Seeder]. The disadvantage of this seeder is that fertilizers and seeds are placed in the same furrow, which negatively affects the yield of crops.

A device for spreading sowing is known, containing a coulter in the form of a hollow asymmetric nalik, a seed tube with a seed guide, the output of which is biased to the side, the asymmetric nalik is made in the form of a digging leg with an acute angle of entry into the soil formed by curved working surfaces that are conjugated in of the front part along a hyperbolic curve with the formation of a cutting edge turning into a side rib [SU 1651793 Al, A01C 7/20, 12.20.1988. Spreading device]. The proposed device does not provide simultaneous application of fertilizers and seeds.

A metering apparatus is known in which, in order to enable portioned dosing of granular substances and to increase the localization of their portions during intra-soil application, the metering device coil is made integral. The outer cage has loading cavities and leaf springs, which provide its braking relative to the inner cage. The inner race is fixed to the drive shaft. Both cages are interconnected by means of a spring, the outer casing being able to rotate relative to the inner casing. As the coil rotates, a portion of fertilizer is thrown into the fertilizer pipe, which makes it possible to accelerate the portion of fertilizer to reach the soil more quickly and thereby reduce the longitudinal size of the portion of fertilizer placed in the soil [RU 2130244 C1, A01C 7/12, 04/02/1997. Sowing apparatus]. However, the proposed apparatus does not provide for the regulation of doses of fertilizers.

Known batch metering apparatus for bulk fertilizers containing a hopper with an unloading window for bulk fertilizers, in which a dispenser is installed in the form of metering buckets with pins. At the ends of each of the trunnions, levers are rigidly mounted, by which they are connected by means of strips to a parallelogram mechanism containing a return spring. The latter is mounted on a rod that moves in the guide. The rod is connected to the limit switch of the control unit. The control unit includes a disk with limit switches. The disk is rigidly mounted on the drive shaft of the seeder [RU 2213440 C1, A01C 7/12, 08/08/2002. Batch fertilizer metering unit]. This device does not provide the ability to control the doses of mineral fertilizers.

Known metering device for making mineral fertilizers, containing a batch divider, in the housing of which a horizontal shaft with blades of elastic material is installed. The number of blades n≥4. Between themselves and the body of the scapula form cells. The inlet and outlet nozzles are offset relative to each other. At an angle to each other, on one vertical, two stops of the same height are installed. Their bases are on the same vertical. When the shaft rotates, the blades are on the stops and braked [RU 2258346 C1, A01C 15 /, 01/22/2004. Mineral fertilizer metering device]. In the apparatus under consideration, the fertilizer portions are located at considerable distances from the bottom of the furrow, the fertilizer particles acquire different initial speeds, which leads to the dispersion of the fertilizer portion along the furrow.

The objective of the invention is to improve the process of simultaneous supply of seeds of row crops and portions of fertilizers at their different levels in soil.

To solve this problem, a seeder was developed, which includes a frame with support wheels, a furrow former, shield brackets, a disk for spot fertilizer application, a disk for spot seed placement, a drive gear, an arc-shaped seed guide with a seal at the end, fertilizer and seed bins, a roller for rolling soil.

Figure 1 shows the proposed seeder, side view, figure 2 - seeder, rear view, figure 3 - the device of the disk for applying mineral fertilizers.

The developed seeder (Fig. 1) includes a furrower 2 mounted on a frame 1 with support wheels (not shown). Bracket 3 is attached to the furrower 2, between which on the axis 4 there is a disk for point spreading of mineral fertilizers 5 in one plane with a disk for spot sowing of seeds 6 mounted on the bracket 7. The disks are made of the same diameter and are connected by means of a drive gear 8 mounted on the bracket 9 and providing their synchronous and unidirectional rotation. Gear 8 is connected by a kinematic connection (not shown) to the support wheel. Bunkers 10 for fertilizers and seeds are located above the disks. In the lower part of the seed disk 6, an arc-shaped seed guide 11 is rigidly attached to the shield bracket 3 so that the input hole of the seed guide 11 is aligned with the output hole of the seed seed disk 6. The seed guide 11 is designed to form a slot in the furrow wall and to direct the seeds emerging from the seed seed disk 6. The outlet of the seed guide 11 is placed in a plane parallel to the disks and above the bottom of the furrow. The outlet of the seed guide 11 is offset relative to the seed disk 6 back, in the direction opposite to the movement of the seeder. At the end of the seed guide 11 a hemispherical protrusion 12 is made for compaction of the soil and the formation of the seed bed. The disk 5, intended for making mineral fertilizers, is equipped with a device for dispensing the feed and mechanical pushing of portions of mineral fertilizers. This device (Fig. 3) consists of a cam-regulator 13 and a cam-ejector 14, and of cylindrical cells 15 installed with the same circumference from the inside of the disk 5, closed by a casing 16. In each cell there is a piston 17, which is installed with the possibility of movement in a cylindrical cell 15. To return the piston 17 to its original position, a spring 18 is provided. A pin 19 is provided to fix the extreme position of the piston 17. A hemispherical heel 20 is located on the outside of the piston. n is 5 to the disk axis adjusting screw 21 in the groove 22 slidably up and down the length h of the adjustment slot 22 to decrease or increase the filling volume. Behind the seed disk 6 is a roller 23, fixed by a leash 24.

The proposed seeder works as follows. A furrower 2 makes a furrow in the soil. Using the shield brackets 3 attached to the furrower 2, prevent the furrow from falling asleep with earth. The drive gear 8 is driven through the kinematic connection of the seeder wheel (not shown) through a kinematic connection. Using the gear 8, the disk 6 is rotated for spot seed placement and the disk 5 for spot fertilizer application. Mounted on the axis 4, located between the shield-brackets 3, the disk 5 provides metering and point-wise application of portions of mineral fertilizers to the bottom of the furrow. This disk 5 works as follows: when combining an empty cylindrical cell 15 and an opening in the upper part of the casing 16, a portion of mineral fertilizer from the hopper 10 enters the cylindrical cell 15. The size of the fertilizer portion is regulated by the position of the cam-regulator 10, moving it to the adjusting length h. With further rotation of the disk 5, a hemispherical heel 20 on the outside of the piston 17 slides along the surface of the cam-ejector 14, the piston 17 pushes a portion of mineral fertilizer to the bottom of the furrow.

When the seed disk 6 is rotated, its outlet is aligned with the inlet of the seed guide 11. The seeds coming from the disk enter the seed guide 11. The seed guide 11 forms an arched profile slot in the furrow wall and at the same time ensures the seeds roll up and place them in the furrow. Sealer 12 at the end of the seed guide 11 compact the soil and form a seed bed (Fig.2). The cut soil layer behind the seed guide 11 is lowered and covers the seeds on the seed bed. Behind the shields-brackets 3, the furrow closes and fixes the fertilizer. Roller 23, located after the seed disk 6 on the leash 24, compact the soil in the area of sown seeds. By synchronous rotation of the discs, the seed sowing step coincides with the sowing step of the portions of mineral fertilizers, while the portion of fertilizer and seed are placed in parallel planes and at different levels. Synchronous rotation of the disks is provided by their kinematic connection with the support wheel of the seeder through the drive gear 8.

The proposed seeder provides an improvement in the process of simultaneous supply of seeds of row crops and portions of fertilizers. In addition, energy costs are reduced during the formation of a furrow, and crop yields are increased.

Claims (5)

1. A seeder for row crops, including a furrow former mounted on a frame with support wheels, hoppers for fertilizers and seeds, devices for spot seed sowing and spot fertilizer application, having a common rotation drive kinematically connected to the seeder support wheel, and a roller for rolling soil, characterized in that the furrow former is made in the form of a wedge, to which the bracket-brackets are attached, and the device for spot seed sowing and the device for spot fertilizer application are made in the form of single discs diameters, the common drive of which is made in the form of a gear, and placed in the same plane between the shield-brackets, while the disk for spot metering is located above the disc for spot fertilizer application and has a seed guide in the lower part to form a slot in the furrow wall above its bottom, the outlet of which is located in a plane parallel to the plane of the disks, and is offset relative to the disk for point seeding of seeds back to the side opposite to the movement of the seeder. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that a hemispherical protrusion is made at the end of the seed guide. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the disc for spot fertilizer application is closed by a casing and equipped with a cam-regulator and a cam-clamp, and in each of the cylindrical cells arranged with the same pitch around its circumference is mounted with the possibility of movement in it, equipped with spring, piston, the extreme position of which is fixed by means of a finger. 4. The seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that a hemispherical heel is made on the outside of the piston. 5. The seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that the cam-regulator is fixed on the axis of the disk with a screw in the adjustment groove with the possibility of shifting up and down by the length of the adjustment groove.

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