RU2744377C1 - Stepless reduction gear-variator of set onion planting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular to planters for planting of materials with low flowability, namely onion-seed at its planting. Continuously adjustable reduction gear-variator of bow-planting planting comprises casing 1, overrunning clutches 2 fitted on driven shaft 3, levers of pushers 4, pivotally connected with overrunning couplings 2, springs 5, guide 6 with adjusting lever 7 and four cams 8 fixed on drive shaft 9. Working profiles of cam 8 at angle of approach ϕ_a and removal ϕ_r are made by brachystochrone. Radius r of the cam profile at the far angle ϕ_f is r = (0.60…0.63)R, where R is pusher roller radius 4.

EFFECT: invention provides stepless adjustment of the rate of single-piece planting of onion into the furrow irrespective of the speed of the planting agent, which increases efficiency and increases uniformity of planting.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders for planting materials with low flowability, more precisely onion sets when planting.

Known seeders for seeding onion seeds with reel seeding devices, for example SLN-6 and SLS-8, consisting of a seed box with reel seeding devices, seed pipes and openers with press rollers.

In these seeders, the onion sets are taken out of the seed box by the blades of the coils, not one at a time, but in portions of several pieces and thrown through the seed tubes into the furrows formed by the openers. Uneven distribution of onion sets reduces the yield and marketable yield of onions.

The disadvantage of the device is the supply of onion bulbs in portions, and not individually.

Known seeder onion-sowing (A.S. USSR No. 174873 IPC A01, Bul. No. 18, 1965), including a bunker, seeding reel devices with a clutch clad on a freely rotating roller with a spring that presses it, seed pipes, skid openers and markers ...

The disadvantage of the known onion seeder is the portioned feeding of the seed.

Known machine for planting onion sets (USSR AS No. 1029860 IPC A01C 11/02, Bul. No. 27, 1983) which includes a hopper, an orienting device made in the form of an oscillating tray, a planting device made in the form of pneumatic section tires.

The disadvantages of this machine for planting onion sets include its low productivity and high energy consumption due to the use of a fan to create a vacuum in pneumatic section tires.

Known seeder for sowing onion seeds (USSR AS No. 261001 IPC А01С 7/16, Bull. No. 4, 1970), including a hopper with tedders, and a closed feed auger with an increasing step to the outlet end, which is located above the chain conveyor with grippers.

The disadvantage of this seeder is that when moving the planting material with the auger, it may be damaged, which leads to uneven seedlings and a decrease in yield.

Known grain seeder (Patent RU No. 2679707, publ. 12.02.2019, bull. No. 5), characterized by the fact that it contains a frame mounted on support-drive and transport wheels, on which a two-section hopper for seeds and fertilizers with mounted seeding devices indirectly associated with at least one continuously variable gearbox and made with the possibility of supplying seed through the seed pipes to double-disc coulters with support-press wheels, and a device for automatically turning off the drive of the continuously variable gearbox, while each seeding device is made with an adjustable grain coil consisting of three discs, and on both sides of which wedges are located, made with the possibility of changing the position to adjust the seeding of seeds, based on their size.

The disadvantages of the used stepless gearbox include its metal consumption, the cyclic rotation of the sowing unit shaft, due to three cams.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a grain seeder (RF Patent No. 191524, MKI A01S 7/00, Bul. No. 23 dated 08/12/2019), which contains a frame, a two-section hopper for seeds and fertilizers, on which grain and fertilizer seeding devices, a support caster wheel and a support-drive wheel, which can be combined with the support-press wheels of the seeder, and a stepless gearbox.

The stepless gearbox, designed to change the seeding rate of seed within the gearbox adjustment range, contains two cams fixed on the drive shaft with an angular displacement of 60 degrees relative to each other. The cams provide smooth rotation of the driven shaft through the reciprocating movement of levers with overrunning clutches and hinged pushers with rollers with the possibility of interaction by means of the spring of one of the rollers with the cam, and the other with a guide connected to the adjusting lever. The springs return the pushers to their original position. The rotation frequency of the driven shaft is adjusted by the adjusting lever by changing the angle of rotation of the guide, which changes the travel distance of the pushers per unit of time, as a result of which the frequency of rotation of the driven shaft changes.

The disadvantages of the used continuously variable gearbox should be attributed to the fact that in order to establish a larger range of speed control of the driven shaft, it is necessary to increase the size of the cams with a triangular profile, which increases the dimensions of the gearbox, and therefore its metal consumption and cost.

The proposed invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, improving the quality of the uniformity of the flow of seed supplied to the planting devices.

The problem is solved by the fact that the working profiles of the cam at the angle of approach ϕ _with and removal of ϕ _{y are} made according to the brachistochrone, and the radius r of the cam profile rounding at the angle of distant standing ϕ _d is r = (0.60 ... 0.63) R, where R is the radius the pusher roller, as a result of which the quality of the uniformity of the outflow of the seed material supplied to the planting devices is improved.

The invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a stepless gear-variator of an onion planter - front view. FIG. 2 cams front view;

The proposed continuously variable reduction gear-variator of the onion-set planter consists of a body 1, overrunning clutches 2 mounted on the driven shaft 3, pusher levers 4 pivotally connected to overrunning clutches 2, springs 5, a guide 6 with an adjusting lever 7 and four cams 8 fixed on the drive shaft. shaft 9, while the working cam profiles at the angle of approach ϕ _with and removal ϕ _{y are} made according to the brachistochrone, and the radius r of the cam profile rounding at the long distance angle ϕ _d is r = (0.60 ... 0.63) R, where R - pusher roller radius.

The proposed stepless reducer-variator of the onion planter works as follows. When the drive shaft 9 rotates, the cams 8 act on the rollers of the pusher levers 4, pivotally connected to the overrunning clutches 2, while the pusher levers 4 with overrunning clutches 2 reciprocate with the possibility of interaction by means of the spring 5 of one of the rollers with the cam 8, and the other - with a straight track of the guide 6. Springs 5 return the levers of the pushers 4 to their original position. The rotation frequency of the driven shaft is adjusted by the adjusting lever 7 by changing the angle of rotation of the guide 6, which changes the stroke of the pushers per unit of time, as a result of which the rotation frequency of the driven shaft changes.

Thus, the stepless reducer-variator of the onion-set planter provides smooth regulation of the rate of single-piece planting of onion sets in the furrow, regardless of the planter speed, which increases productivity.

Claims (1)

A continuously variable reduction gear-variator of the onion-set planter, containing a body, overrunning clutches mounted on the driven shaft, pusher levers pivotally connected to the overrunning clutches, springs, a guide with an adjusting lever and four cams fixed on the drive shaft, characterized in that the working profiles of the cam at the angle of approach ϕ _with and removal ϕ _{y are} made along the brachistochrone, and the radius r of the cam profile rounding at the angle of distant standing ϕ _d is r = (0.60 ... 0.63) R, where R is the radius of the pusher roller.

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