RU67814U1 - SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to seeders for strip sowing of grass seeds, which can be used for sowing and other feed crops. The technical result of the invention is to create optimal conditions for seed germination and subsequent growth and development of plants by planting seeds in the soil of optimal density and hardness with a uniform distribution over the depth of planting and the width of the sowing strip. The seeder contains a frame 1 mounted on supporting wheels 2, a seed box 3, sowing devices 4, a gear mechanism 5, a group regulator of the stroke depth of the closing organs 6, seeder sections of the seeder, consisting of levers 7 pivotally mounted on the frame, onto which are mounted flat knives 8, furrow-forming rollers 9 and mechanisms for adjusting the depth of travel, including rods 10 and springs 11. On leashes 7, cylindrical nozzles 12 of the vas deferens 13 with seed distribution trays 14 and shorting 15. are fixed. th line borozdoobrazuyuschimi rollers 9 are chain loops 16. When moving blades 8 sowing sowing furrows are cut and partially shifted to the soil mezhborozdnuyu band and rollers 9 aligned and sealed with the bottom of the seed furrow. Seeds from the seed box 3 through the sowing devices 4, the drive of which is carried out through the gear mechanism 5 from the supporting drive wheels 2, the seed tubes 13 and the cylindrical nozzles 12 fall on the seed distribution trays 14 and are distributed over the entire width of the furrow. Zagortachi 15 covers the furrows with seeds with soil from the row-spacing of the strips, which the knives 8 moved there. Chain trains 16 are pulled along the furrows and level the soil in them. Leashes 7 sowing sections pivotally attached to the opener beam 17 of the frame 1. Il. 6. 1 p.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to seeders for strip sowing of grass seeds, which can be used for sowing and other feed crops.

State of the art

Known openers for sowing small-seeded crops containing a rack with cheeks, between which there is a cylindrical furrow-forming drum with ribs made along a helical line with a step equal to the length of the drum and at least two runs, seed tubes and a packer roller (see.with. USSR No. 1618310, Cl. A 01 C 7/20, publ. 07.01.91).

The disadvantages of these coulters are the uneven distribution of seeds across the width of the sowing row due to the lack of seed distributor and unsatisfactory depth of placement.

Seeders for spreading seeding of seeds are also known, containing a frame with a hopper attached to it with sowing devices and sequentially mounted ribbed furrow-forming roller located under the sowing device with a conical nozzle and a rolling roller (see AS USSR No. 1061724. Cl. A 01 C 7/00, publ. 23.12.83).

The disadvantage of this seeder is that the furrow-forming roller during operation creates troughs and ridges at the bottom of the furrow, as a result of which the seeds fall both in the troughs between the ridges and on the tops of the ridges, which leads to uneven seeding of the rollers by depth. The design of the seed distributor of this seeder also gives a high uneven distribution of seeds along the row width, which negatively affects the growth and development of seedlings. In addition, when sowing data

devices under conditions of unstable moistening on chernozems over a period of time from seed placement in the soil until the emergence of seedlings, soil crust forms above the seeds due to the intensive moisture supply through the capillaries to the soil surface and its subsequent evaporation. As a result, the grass seeds do not emerge without additional moisture (precipitation), and the thinned grass shoots that appear after rainfall are strongly suppressed by the weeds that have sprouted in the aisles and die.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a seeder for sowing grass seeds, containing on the support wheels a frame on which a seed box with sowing apparatuses, a gear mechanism, sowing sections formed by leashes with furrow-forming rollers mounted on them are mounted having rubber smooth rims, cylindrical nozzles, seed distribution trays and mechanisms for regulating the depth of stroke, having rods and springs, group regulation a torus of the stroke depth of the seed sections, seed tubes and chain trains consisting of links fixed to the seed sections in line with furrow-forming rollers (see RF patent No. 2239973. Cl. A 01 C 7/00, A 01 B 49/04, publ. 11/20/04.).

The disadvantage of this seeder is that it provides a compact seeding of only small-seeded crops, to a depth of 0.5 ... 1.0 cm along grooves up to 4 cm deep, and according to agronomic requirements, the seeds of some forage crops must be planted to a depth of 7 cm inclusive . It is practically difficult to get grooves up to 7 cm deep and of the correct shape with the help of a rubberized roller, which will affect the quality of seed placement. Along with this, soil compaction in deep grooves leads to a change in its structure and the creation of unfavorable conditions for seed germination and subsequent growth and development of plants. In addition, with excessive deepening of the furrow-forming rollers, the seeder drive wheels can be unloaded, their adhesion to the soil will

not constant and as a result, the seeding rate is violated. It should also be noted that the rectilinear surface of the seed-distribution tray, inclined at a certain angle to the direction of movement, causes a chaotic rebound of seeds and they have a very different trajectory of movement, which negatively affects their distribution in the furrow. Since the reflecting surface of the seed distribution tray is directed towards the seeder, the seeds at the point of incidence into the furrow have a high speed, which is the result of adding the own speed of the seed, obtained by him when moving along the vas deferens and bouncing from the tray, and the speed of the seeder. While the speed of the seed at the point of incidence into the furrow should tend to zero to prevent the seeds from rolling out in the furrow, and the even distribution of the seeds should be carried out by a seed distributor. As a result, the chaotic movement of seeds after the bounce from the tray and their high speed leads to the fact that some of the seeds are outside the sowing furrow, which is unacceptable.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is to create optimal conditions for seed germination and subsequent growth and development of plants by planting seeds in the soil of optimal density and hardness with a uniform location along the depth of planting and the width of the sowing strip. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the seeder contains on the support wheels a frame on which a seed box with sowing devices is mounted, seed tubes, a gear mechanism, sowing sections, formed by leads with mounted furrow-forming rollers with smooth rubberized rims, mechanisms for adjusting the depth of the sowing sections, having rods and springs, sowing devices, seed tubes with cylindrical nozzles and connected to seed distribution trays, height-adjustable, group adjust sowing depth

sections secured to the seed sections in line with furrow-forming rollers, chain trains consisting of links. At the same time, two furrow-forming rollers are installed on the leash of the sowing section, placed at a distance equal to their double width. A flat knife is installed in front of each furrow-forming roller, inclined at an angle to the field surface and deployed in a longitudinally vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the leash. The seed distribution tray has a concave reflective surface and is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the seeder, and an individual earthing device is installed behind each seed distribution tray.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a seeder, side view.

In Fig.2 the same (without seed box), top view.

Figure 3 - sowing section, top view.

Figure 4 is a section aa in figure 1.

Figure 5 is a section bB in figure 3.

Figure 6 - section bb in figure 3.

The implementation of the invention

The seeder contains a frame 1, on which the supporting-drive wheels are installed 2. On the frame 1 there is a seed box 3 having sowing devices 4 with a gear mechanism 5 and a group depth control for the seed sections 6. The seed sections (not numbered in the figure) seeders consist of Leads 7 pivotally mounted on the frame 1, on which flat knives 8, furrow-forming rollers 9 and individual depth adjustment mechanisms are mounted, containing rods 10 and springs 11. Cylindrical nozzles 12 are mounted on the leads 7 of the seed sections ennye with sowing apparatus 4 vas deferens 13. Under cylindrical nozzles 12 mounted semyaraspredelitelnye trays 14 which have a reflective surface and a concave shape

directed in the opposite direction to the seeder. Behind the cylindrical nozzles 12 on the leads 7 there are earthing devices 15. The seeding tools of the seeder are made in the form of chain loops 16, which are attached to the seed sections in line with the furrow-forming rollers 9. The leads 7 of the seed sections are pivotally attached to the opener 17 of frame 1 .

The seeder works as follows.

When the seeder moves across the field, flat knives 8 cut sowing furrows with a width equal to the width of furrow-forming rollers and a depth of up to 7 cm. Knives 8 are installed at an angle α = 60 ° to the horizontal surface of the field (Fig. 1) according to well-known recommendations (G.N.Sineokov Theory and calculation of tillage machines / G.N. Sineokov, I.M. Panov. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1977 - 50 p.) And are rotated in a vertical transverse plane at an angle β = 60 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the lead 7 (Fig. .3), to displace part of the soil from the furrows to the aisles. Cropped layer of soil moving along the knives 8 falls into the aisles of the furrows. The rollers 9 under the influence of pressure springs 11 compact and level the bottom of the furrow, contributing to the capillary flow of moisture into the seed placement zone and prevent the knives 8 from deepening into the soil below a predetermined level. The width of the arrangement of knives 8 and rollers 9 is associated with the width of the sowing furrow in the following ratio (figure 2):

b = 2b ₁ ,

where b is the width of the arrangement of knives and rollers, mm;

b ₁ - the width of the sowing groove, mm

To better copy the relief of the field, the leashes 7 of the seed sections are pivotally attached to the coulter bar 17 of the frame 1 of the seeder and directly to the frame using rods 10 and springs 11 (Fig. 1). This allows, if necessary (encounter with an obstacle), the springs 11 are compressed, and the knives 8 and rollers 9 are deepened, then under the action of the compressed springs 11 the knives 8 and rollers 9 are returned to their working position. Group regulation of the depth of sowing furrows is carried out as a group

regulator 6 seed sections, and individual - by changing the compression of the springs 11.

Grass seeds from the seed box 3 come through sowing devices 4, the drive of which is carried out from the support drive wheel 2 and the gear mechanism 5, seed tubes 13 and cylindrical nozzles 12 onto the seed distribution trays 14, which have a concave-shaped reflecting surface and are directed in the direction opposite to seeder movement. This allows you to reduce the horizontal component of the speed of movement of the seeds and to eliminate the phenomenon of rebound beyond the furrow and rolling along the furrow, which results in a more uniform layout of the seed material along the bottom of the furrow.

For the smooth movement of the seed tray 14 along the sowing furrow, its width is associated with the width of the furrow in the following ratio (figure 4):

b ₂ = (0.75 ... 0.80) b ₁ ,

where b ₂ - the width of the seed tray, mm

The optimal distribution of the sown seeds along the furrow width is provided by the possibility of changing the distances from the lower edges of the seed distribution trays 14 to the bottom of the furrows in the range from 10 to 30 mm (not shown in the figure), as well as by changing the installation of cylindrical nozzles 12 in the longitudinal-vertical plane by an angle of up to 30 ° from the vertical back (not shown in the figure).

Zagortachi 15, installed at an angle γ = 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the leash 7 (figure 3), cover the furrows with the seeds sown with soil displaced from the rows.

Chain trains 16 in the process of working with a rectilinear movement of the seeder are pulled along the furrows and level the soil in them. A layer of loose, unconsolidated soil provides the necessary conditions for

seed germination and gives the opportunity to get friendly seedlings. Along with this, the loose layer reduces the loss of soil moisture by evaporation.

The seeder design allows, if necessary, to leave furrows up to 3 cm deep after sowing on the surface of the field, which can increase seed germination in regions with difficult soil and climatic conditions due to the accumulation of precipitation in the furrows and the creation of a more favorable temperature regime for seedlings. During the growing season, the furrows crumble and the surface of the field is leveled.

The proposed seeder, in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions, provides seed placement in the soil of optimal density and hardness with a uniform distribution over the depth of placement and the width of the sowing strip, which leads to an increase in their germination and providing favorable conditions for further growth and development of plants, and this in turn, allows you to increase productivity.

Claims (1)

A seeder containing a frame on the support wheels on which a seed box with sowing devices is mounted, seed tubes, a transmission mechanism, sowing sections, formed by leashes with furrow-forming rollers mounted on them with smooth rubberized rims, sowing section depth control mechanisms with rods and springs, connected to sowing devices using seed tubes and cylindrical nozzles with an adjustable angle of inclination in the longitudinal-vertical plane, seed distribution trays, adjustable adjustable in height, a group regulator of the depth of the sowing sections, fixed to the sowing sections in line with the furrow-forming rollers, chain trains consisting of links, characterized in that the furrow-forming rollers on the leash of the sowing section are placed at a distance equal to twice their width, in front of each a flat knife is mounted with a furrow-forming roller, inclined at an angle of 60 ° to the field surface and rotated in a longitudinally vertical plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the leash, the seed distribution tray has it has a concave-shaped reflecting surface and is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the seeder movement, and an individual earthing machine is installed behind each seed distribution tray.