RU103695U1 - TILLING SEEDING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A tillage sowing machine, comprising a frame mounted on the wheels on the front and rear on the packer rollers, on which a hopper with a metering device is mounted, connected to the coulters by means of seed tubes, characterized in that the machine is equipped with support and packer rollers made of four independent sections - two middle and two lateral, each of which is made of an axis with a set of ring-spur-type rollers, and each coulter is made in the form of a pointed arm with a diffuser of grain flow in the sub-valve space and has a rear roller, which is made with the possibility of adjusting it in height. ! 2. Tillage sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are made of four types depending on the length of the spur: 80 mm, 105 mm, 140 mm, 105 mm and a disk from the end. ! 3. The tillage sowing machine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the middle section is made of a set of six rollers with a spur length of 105 to 140 mm, and the side section is also made of a set of six rollers with a spur length of 80 to 140 mm, moreover, the roller with a spur length of 105 mm and a disk from the end is mounted on the edge.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, tillage sowing machines used in dry steppe zones of agriculture, where soils of light particle size distribution with low bearing capacity prevail.

Known seeder containing a frame that rests on the front on the pneumatic support wheels, and on the back - on the rolling wedge-shaped rollers. A hopper for seeds and fertilizers, a sowing apparatus and seed tubes are mounted on the frame. Equipped with double disc coulters with a 10 ° disc opening angle and 15 cm spacing. The seeder is designed for row seeding with simultaneous rolling of the soil in sowing rows. (Komaristov V.E., Danube NF Agricultural machinery. Ed. 2-nd, revised and enlarged. - M .: Kolos, 1977. - 129 p.). The disadvantages of this seeder are: 1) the uneven distribution of seeds over the field area is thickened in rows and sparse between rows; 2) on light soils, due to the low bearing capacity, the wedge-shaped compacting rollers close the seeds in the center of the row below the set depth, and the seeds located on the edge are squeezed to the top, which leads to unevenness of the placement depth.

Known seeder (RU 2113780 C1, June 27, 1998) containing a frame with mounted bunkers, openers with closed cultivating paws, packer rollers, transport wheels with a hydraulic system. It provides uniform sowing of seeds over the feeding area with simultaneous tillage. However, this does not achieve uniformity in the depth of seed placement. The fact is that the cultivating coulter rigidly fixed to the frame cannot fully copy the field surface. Therefore, uneven seed placement in depth, which leads to a decrease in germination, and then productivity.

Known tillage sowing unit containing a frame mounted on the support wheels, on which a hopper is mounted, connected by a seed tube to the coulters. The coulters are made in the form of lancet paws with dumps and levelers. Behind the levelers are mounted cylindrical packer rollers and cultivators. All working bodies form a row with a width of 225 to 250 mm each and with a row spacing of 450 to 500 mm. The rippers are made in the form of spring teeth (RU 2204891 C2, 05/14/2001).

The closest in technical essence to the proposed utility model is the unit described in the patent (RU 2204891 C2, 05/14/2001) that coincides with it in most essential respects and is therefore selected as a prototype.

However, the prototype unit does not allow sufficiently evenly distribute the seeds over the area, depth of planting, and also does not provide a level surface of the field after sowing. These disadvantages are due to the frontal location of the lancet openers with serial connections of dumps and levelers, which form ridges in the row spacings. So with a row spacing from 450 to 500 mm, the width of the sowing tape is 200 mm. It is very difficult to adjust and maintain the required depth of seed placement by springs. When moving on an uneven surface, the lancet opener with an increase in the thickness of the cultivated soil layer tends to self-deepen, and dumps and levelers create additional traction resistance. Artificially created ridges contribute to the intensive evaporation of soil moisture. Early heating of the ridges and their increased porosity compared to the rolled-in areas first contributes to the evaporation of moisture from the ridges, then through them from adjacent sides. In addition, rare ridges on the field provoke the likelihood of wind erosion.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create favorable conditions for seed germination due to the uniform distribution of seeds over the depth of planting and field area, as well as creating a continuous compacted soil layer above the seeds. Post-sowing rolling slows down the evaporation of soil moisture, creates a close contact of seeds with soil, promotes capillary movement of moisture from the lower layers to the upper, and reduces the likelihood of wind erosion. The densified and leveled surface of the sown field provides the emergence of friendly seedlings, which helps to increase productivity compared to the prototype.

The problem is solved in that in the tillage machine, which includes working bodies for processing the sowing layer of the soil in the form of lancet paws of coulters with track rollers, devices for dispersing the grain flow in the sublap space and rolling rollers, there are significant signs:

1. Each sowing section contains a coulter in the form of a lancet paw fixed at the back by a support roller designed to copy the surface of the field and with the possibility of its adjustment in height. A device for dispersing the grain flow in the form of a second-order surface is installed in the sublap space of the opener. The width of the seed section leaves at = 10.85α with α equal to 320-340 mm, (Figure 4). The width of the seeded strip with = 0.55α. The distance between the lancet paw and the roller is d = 0.16α, and the distance between the coulters in is 0.16α. Sowing sections are fixed on the frame using a parallelogram mechanism at a distance a in the center from each other. A sown strip from 160 to 170 mm wide alternates with an un seeded strip from 160 to 170 mm.

2. The rear support press rollers are made of four sections - two middle and two side, each of which consists of an axis and a set of six ring-spur rollers on independent traction for better copying of the field topography. In order to increase the supporting surface, improve the quality of rolling and due to the design features of the machine, the rollers are made of four types, depending on the length of the spur from 80 mm to 140 mm. In addition, each section has an arrangement of rollers depending on the length of the spur.

In the process of conducting a patent search from other scientific and technical sources of information, no useful model was found that matches the proposed technical solution for the totality of essential features ensuring the achievement of the proposed technical result.

The technical result, which consists in ensuring uniform distribution of seeds along the depth of placement and field area with simultaneous continuous rolling, is achieved by introducing a set of essential features in the form of a cultivating coulter with a support roller and packer rollers, made in the form of four independent sections, each of which consists of an axis and a set of six ring-spur-type rollers, the rollers having different spur lengths from 80 to 140 mm. These signs cannot be considered in isolation from each other, since their separate application does not allow to obtain the expected effect.

Figure 1 shows a tillage sowing machine, view A - four sections of rollers for continuous rolling. Figure 2 - in the context of the types of ring-spur rollers. Figure 3 shows a cultivating paw opener with a support roller. Figure 4 shows the location of the coulters (top view).

Presented in figure 1, a tillage sowing machine designed for the synthesis of pre-sowing tillage, sowing, fertilizing and rolling consists of a frame 1, resting on the front on self-mounted pneumatic wheels 2, and on the rear rollers 7, on which the hopper 5 with compartments is installed in the upper part for seeds and fertilizers, sowing devices 4 for seeds and fertilizers are attached to it, and to the lower part of the frame 1 by means of a parallelogram mechanism 11 equipped with a mechanism of deepening 10, are mounted frontally on p Normal distance α (from 320 to 340 mm) apart sowing section representing lancet legs 9 provided with lenses 17 (Figure 3). To the lancet paws 9 through intermediate links at a distance of d = 50-70 mm (Fig. 4), vertically adjustable (depending on the seed placement depth) support rollers 8 are attached, and the coulter-coulters communicate with the sowing devices through the seed tubes 3. Also with the lower side of the frame 1 by means of an articulated traction 6 supporting-roller rollers 7 are made of four independent sections - two middle and two side, which contain six ring-spur-type rollers each (View A of Fig. 1.) In this case, the rollers are made of four t dressings: korotkoshporovy 12 with spur-length 80 mm, with a length of 13 sredneshporovy spurs 105 mm, with a length of 14 dlinnoshporovy spurs 140 mm, with a length of 15 sredneshporovy spurs 105 mm and an end disk 16 (Figure 2). The middle section, taking into account the attachment points, is made of a set of rollers - 105 mm, 105 mm, 140 mm, 140 mm, 105 mm and 105 mm. The lateral section, taking into account the attachment points and the drive of the sowing units, is made of a set of rollers - 105 mm, 105 mm, 140 mm, 140 mm, 80 mm, 105 mm with a disk from the end. Moreover, the roller with a spur length of 105 mm and a disk from the end is mounted on the edge in order to prevent breakage of the spur of the roller when compiling an aggregate of several machines.

Tillage sowing machine operates as follows. Before starting work, it is necessary to adjust the seed placement depth by changing the distance in the vertical plane between the lancet opener 9 and the support roller 8. When the tillage machine moves, the openers due to mechanisms 10 and 11 are buried in the soil, and the support rollers 8 are held opener paws from self-deepening. At the set depth, the coulter paws loosen the soil, weeds are cut, and seeds and fertilizers come from the hopper 5 into the compacted underlap space through sowing devices 4, seed tubes 3 and diffusers 17 mounted to the lancet paws 9, contribute to the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers over the entire width of the underlap space . Attached to the claws-openers 9, support rollers 8 allow you to copy the relief of the field, which ensures uniform seed placement in depth. The drive wheels 7 pivotally mounted to the frame 1 and mounted by means of a traction 6 level and compact the soil, reduce evaporation of soil moisture and the likelihood of wind erosion. The densified and leveled surface of the sown field is equally warmed up and ensures the emergence of friendly seedlings.

These new design features allow you to get an additional technical result in the form of combining the operations of pre-sowing tillage, sowing, fertilizing and rolling in one pass of the machine, which saves fuel and lubricants and labor resources, and also helps to reduce evaporation of soil moisture by eliminating temporary the gap between operations, soil compaction and the likelihood of wind erosion by reducing the number of passes of the machine in the field.

Experimental tests of the prototype model held at the Baikal training farm of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy showed that when using the claimed machine, the yield increased by 16% compared to the SZP-3.6 seeder. The most complex roller assemblies and diffuser were made in the experimental workshop of Liteyshchik LLC (Gusinooozersk).

Claims (3)

1. A tillage sowing machine, comprising a frame mounted on the wheels on the front and rear on the packer rollers, on which a hopper with a metering device is mounted, connected to the coulters by means of seed tubes, characterized in that the machine is equipped with support and packer rollers made of four independent sections - two middle and two lateral, each of which is made of an axis with a set of ring-spur-type rollers, and each coulter is made in the form of a pointed arm with a diffuser of grain flow in the sub-valve space and has a rear roller, which is made with the possibility of adjusting it in height. 2. Tillage sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are made of four types depending on the length of the spur: 80 mm, 105 mm, 140 mm, 105 mm and a disk from the end. 3. The tillage sowing machine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the middle section is made of a set of six rollers with a spur length of 105 to 140 mm, and the side section is also made of a set of six rollers with a spur length of 80 to 140 mm, moreover, the roller with a spur length of 105 mm and a disk from the end is mounted on the edge.