RU179958U1 - Wide-angle stubble seeder for sowing crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to direct seeders using zero technology, intended for sowing cereals, industrial and oilseeds. A wide-angle stubble seeder for sowing crops, multi-section, includes a central and side frames; a container for seeds and fertilizers, which is trailed and mounted on a separate frame with support wheels; for the distribution of seeds and fertilizers by means of an air flow, a fan operating from a hydraulic motor is installed on the seed tank; the sowing section using a parallelogram mechanism, which is a bolt connection of the brackets and the spring, is rigidly attached to the frame with the help of a bracket and includes a cutting disk located on the same axis with the support wheel, which are installed in front of the anchor coulter rack; packer and support wheels, cutting disc, parallelogram mechanism, mechanical regulator of the depth of seeding of seeds and fertilizers, connected in a single mechanism using brackets. The support wheel and the cutting disc are interchangeable and can be installed between the left and right sides of the drill. The mechanical depth regulator is a hollow pipe rigidly connected to the bracket of the parallelogram mechanism, into which a pipe of a smaller diameter is inserted, through holes are made on the pipes to fix them together with a finger. To exclude mechanical damage to the rack of the press wheel, it is connected to the bracket of the sowing section using a spring and a retractable rod. The central frame is pivotally connected by the side frames to transfer the unit to the transport position using hydraulic cylinders. The use of a wide-angle multi-section stubble seeder for sowing crops will increase the productivity of the unit and the quality of sowing.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to direct seeders for zero technology, designed for sowing grain, industrial and oilseeds.

The essence of the utility model: a stubble seeder, consisting of a frame with a towing device, support-transport wheels, a trailed hopper for seeds and fertilizers, a pneumatic seed feeder, a hydraulic system for lifting and lowering the side frames of the seeder, sowing sections, consisting of a parallelogram mechanism, a support wheel , a cutting disc and a mechanical regulator of the working depth, an anchor coulter stand and a thin packer roller with a rubberized working surface. The seeder is designed for sowing grain, industrial and oil crops with zero tillage.

An analogue is a stubble seeder for sowing crops with zero tillage, which allows for high-quality sowing through the use of an anchor coulter (patent for invention RU2569723 C1. IPC АСС 7/00. Published on November 27, 2015. Bull. No. 33). The stubble seeder includes a frame with two support wheels and a tow hitch, a front support pneumatic self-aligning wheel, a grain-fertilizer box, sowing units and anchor coulters with springs. The coulter stand consists of the upper inclined and lower vertical parts and is pivotally connected from above to the beginning of the inclined channel, rigidly connected to the frame. The middle of the rack is connected to the end of the channel by means of an arm rigidly fixed in the middle of the rack. The latter has a spring, a retractable rod with holes, pivotally mounted on top and bottom, and a locking pin. At the same time, rods fastened to each other are attached to the vertical lower part of the coulter stand on both sides. They have a horizontal part ending in the plane of the end of the cheeks of the anchor coulter, and a falling part in contact with the soil. The drop-down part is made along the line of least resistance and is the bed for the plate that fills the sown seeds with soil and its subsequent compaction. The plate is attached to the lower surface of the rods of the falling part and copies its shape. The front part of the plate in the direction opposite to the soil surface is made concave, gradually decreasing from the beginning to the end of the front part. The back of the plate in the direction of the soil surface is made convex, gradually increasing from the beginning to the end of the latter.

The disadvantage of such a seeder is its low productivity due to the small working width, the mechanical seed feeding and the system of copying the topography of the soil do not provide the required accuracy of sowing, which, in turn, reduces the yield of sown crops. In addition, when using anchor coulters in the absence of a cutting disc, lumps are formed on heavy soils, which, in turn, negatively affects the quality of sowing.

The prototype of the claimed technical solution is a seeder, grain-free stubble, for sowing seeds of grain, legumes and other crops in a rowless or strip way on the stubble or on the surface covered with mulch (RU 2343669 C1). The seeder includes a frame that rests on the front self-aligning and rear wheels, a seed container with seed meters and flexible grain lines. Grain pipelines connect the sowing devices with openers in the form of lancet paws, which are spaced in three rows. The coulters of the first and second rows are fixed in pairs on one common frame, which rests on a support-adjusting roller and is connected to the seeder frame through a parallelogram mechanism. The third row openers are connected to the same frame beam using individual elongated leads. The third row coulters are equipped with track rollers mounted on the same leashes. Behind each opener are earthing devices.

The disadvantages of such a seeder are:

- great traction resistance due to the fact that lancet coulters and stubbers “clog” with the remains of weeds with zero technology;

- compaction of the topsoil with lancet openers, which leads to uneven seedlings of crops and lower yields,

- low productivity due to the small volume of grain boxes and the width of the seeder,

- the lack of the ability to sow small-seeded crops.

The objective of the technical solution is the possibility of high-performance and high-quality sowing of grain, industrial and oil crops with zero tillage.

The proposed design of the stubble seeder retains all the positive qualities of the seeder taken as a prototype, and the presence of an anchor coulter stand, parallelogram mechanism copying the field relief, cutting and rolling discs, seed and fertilizer distribution system, increased seeder width, volumetric capacity for seeds and fertilizers, rational distance between Anchor coulters provide the additional benefits outlined above.

The wide-angle stubble seeder for sowing crops with zero tillage includes a frame with a towing device, self-mounted front and rear support and transport wheels, support rollers, flexible grain lines, a seed and fertilizer tank with sowing devices, which is mounted on a separate frame with support wheels and is trailed, unlike the prototype, it is characterized in that the seeder is wide-spread including central and side frames, multi-section, a container for seeds and fertilizer it is trailed, for the distribution of seeds and fertilizers by means of an air flow, a fan operating from a hydraulic motor is installed on the seed container, the sowing section is using a parallelogram mechanism, which is a bolted connection of brackets and a spring, is rigidly attached to the frame with a bracket, and includes a self-cutting disk located on the same axis as the support wheel, which are installed in front of the anchor coulter rack, press wheel, mechanical regulator for the depth of seed and fertilizer placement ennye into a single mechanism with brackets.

The support wheel and the cutting disc are interchangeable and can be installed between the left and right sides of the seeder, the mechanical depth regulator is a hollow pipe rigidly connected to the bracket of the parallelogram mechanism, into which a pipe of a smaller diameter is inserted, through holes are made on the pipes to fix them together using your finger.

To exclude mechanical damage to the rack of the press wheel, it is connected to the bracket of the sowing section using a spring and a sliding rod.

The central frame is pivotally connected by the side frames to transfer the unit to the transport position using hydraulic cylinders.

The support wheel is designed to adjust the required sowing depth, the cutting disc serves to cut crop residues and form cracks in the soil. The seed section anchor forms a groove for sowing seeds in the soil at a given depth, and the packer roller rolls and compacts the soil behind it. The presence of a cutting disk allows you to form a gap and eliminates the formation of lumps by anchor coulters.

The parallelogram mechanism of the indicated design when hitting a dense soil with resistance exceeding the calculated one allows each sowing section to copy the field topography. The spring mechanism of the press wheel works similarly. This improves the evenness of seed placement in depth and protects the stand from mechanical damage, in addition, prevents the possibility of non-compliance with the desired sowing depth at different or changing speeds or impacts on mechanical obstacles.

The seeder ensures the high-quality implementation of the technological process of sowing grain crops on soils of various mechanical composition with a moisture content of the soil layer of up to 25% and hardness of up to 2.0 MPa in a layer of 0-240 mm, in all soil and climate zones on slopes of up to 8 degrees due to the combination seeder working tools.

Using a seeder allows you to improve the quality of seedlings by sowing in moist soil and reduce the consumption of seeds and fertilizers by half.

To transfer the unit to the transport position with the help of hydraulic cylinders, the side frames of the seeder are raised and fixed with the fingers.

In FIG. 1 is a plan view of a seeder. The seeder consists of a central and side frame with sowing sections and containers for seeds and fertilizers that are in front of the seeder. The hopper has a volume of 6 m ³ and is equipped with a standard screw for loading seeds.

The design of the central and side frames allows you to install 48 sowing sections on them and sow with a row spacing of 270 mm, while the working width of the sowing is 12.7 m.

In FIG. 2-4 shows the sowing section (three types), which includes: a parallelogram mechanism for copying the relief of the earth’s surface 1, a support wheel and a cutting disk 2, a mechanical depth regulator 3, a straight coulter rack 4 with anchor bale 5, pressure wheels 6, the pressure of which is regulated by a spring 7. The parallelogram mechanism consists of brackets and a spring connected by bolts, is rigidly attached to the frame with the help of a bracket 11, and the support and press wheels, the coulter stand are connected into a single mechanism using brackets 8, 9, 10.

The proposed stubble seeder works as follows: the sowing of seeds and fertilizers occurs similarly to sowing the base seeder with pneumatic feed. Seed material and fertilizers enter the sowing units, which are driven by the support wheel of the seed and fertilizer containers and then by the air flow using a fan mounted at the rear of the hopper with a tractor hydraulic drive and 200-500 rpm, distributed over the seed tubes . The seeding rate is adjustable from 0 to 300 kg per ha.

The cutting disc, located on the same axis as the support wheel 2, cuts the crop residues, forms a gap in the soil for better penetration of the anchor coulter. The coulter of the sowing section forms a groove for sowing seeds in the soil at a given depth, and a rubberized packer roller rolls and compacts the soil behind the coulter. The depth of the coulter stand during sowing is controlled by a parallelogram mechanism and corrects it depending on the topography of the field, soil structure and speed of movement of the sowing unit.

The use of a wide-angle multi-section stubble seeder for sowing crops will increase the productivity of the unit and the quality of sowing.

Claims (5)

1. Wide-angle stubble seeder for sowing crops at zero tillage, including a frame with a towing device, self-mounted front and rear support and transport wheels, track rollers, flexible grain lines, a seed and fertilizer tank with sowing devices, which is mounted on a separate frame with supporting wheels and is trailed, characterized in that the seeder is multi-sectional and includes a central and side frames, while the seed and fertilizer container is trailed, In order to distribute seeds and fertilizers by means of an air flow, a fan operating from a hydraulic motor is mounted on the seed tank, and the sowing section is fixedly attached to the frame using a bracket using a parallelogram mechanism, which is a bolted connection of brackets and a spring and includes a cutting disk located on the same axis with the support wheel, which are installed in front of the support of the anchor opener, in addition, the press wheel, the mechanical regulator of the depth of seeding of seeds and fertilizers are connected into a single mechanism using brackets. 2. Wide-angle stubble seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the support wheel and the cutting disc are interchangeable and can be installed between the left and right sides of the seeder. 3. Wide-angle stubble seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical depth regulator is a hollow pipe rigidly connected to the bracket of the parallelogram mechanism, into which a pipe of a smaller diameter is inserted, and through holes are made on the pipes to fix them with each other using a finger. 4. The wide-angle stubble seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to exclude mechanical damage to the rack of the press wheel, it is connected to the bracket of the seed section using a spring and a retractable rod. 5. Wide-angle stubble seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the central frame is pivotally connected by the side frames to transfer the unit to the transport position using hydraulic cylinders.

Images