RU2765499C1 - Variator reducer of an onion set planter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to sowing apparatus, e.g., for sowing onion sets. The variator reducer comprises a body, driven and driving shafts, freewheeling clutches put on the driven shaft, pusher levers connected hingedly with the freewheeling clutches, springs, a guide with an adjustment lever configured to be rotatable by means of the adjustment lever, and cams secured on the driving shaft so as to be able to interact with the rollers provided for the pusher levers. The guide therein has rectilinear tracks configured to interact with the rollers of the pusher levers. Four cams are secured on the driving shaft over 90 degrees, and the rectilinear tracks are made according to the linear dependence x=a, wherein a is the distance from the axis of rotation of the guide to the track.

EFFECT: variator reducer ensures stepless control of the rate of piece-by-piece planting of onion sets in the furrow regardless of the speed of the sowing apparatus, allowing for an increase in the productivity thereof.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders for planting materials with low flowability, more precisely onion sets during planting.

Known seeders for sowing seeds of onion sets with reel sowing machines, such as SLN-6 and SLS-8, consisting of a seed box with reel sowing machines, seed tubes and coulters with press rollers.

In these seeders, onion sets are taken out of the seed box by the blades of the coils, not one at a time, but in portions of several pieces and are thrown through the seed tubes into the furrows formed by the coulters. Uneven distribution of onion sets reduces the yield and commercial yield of onions.

The disadvantage of the device is the supply of bulbs of onion sets in portions, and not individually.

A well-known seeder of onion sowing (AS USSR No. 174873 MPK A01, Bull. No. 18, 1965), including a hopper, sowing coil devices with a clutch dressed on a freely rotating roller with a spring compressing it, seed ducts, skid coulters and markers .

A disadvantage of the known planter for onion sets is the portioned supply of seed.

A known machine for planting onion sets (AS USSR No. 1029860 IPC A01C 11/02, Bull. No. 27, 1983) which includes a hopper, an orienting device made in the form of an oscillating tray, a planting device made in the form of pneumatic section tires.

The disadvantages of this machine for planting onion sets include its low productivity and high energy consumption, due to the use of a fan to create a vacuum in the pneumatic sectional tires.

A well-known seeder for sowing seeds of onion sowing (AS USSR No. 261001 MPK A01C 7/16, Bull. No. 4, 1970), including a hopper with tedders, and under the outlet window of the hopper there is a closed feed auger with an increasing step to output end, which is located above the chain conveyor with grippers.

The disadvantage of this seeder is that when the planting material is moved by the auger, it may be damaged, which leads to uneven germination and reduced yields.

A grain seeder is known (Patent RU No. 2679707, publ. 12.02.2019, Bull. No. 5), characterized in that it contains a frame mounted on the support-drive and transport wheels, on which a two-section hopper for seeds and fertilizers is placed with seeders mounted on them. devices indirectly connected with at least one stepless gearbox and made with the possibility of supplying seed material through the seed pipes to double-disk coulters with support-packing wheels, and a device for automatically disabling the drive of the stepless gearbox, while each sowing device is made with an adjustable grain coil, consisting of three disks, and on both sides of which there are wedges, made with the possibility of changing the position for adjusting the sowing of seeds, based on their size.

The disadvantages of the used stepless reducer should include its metal consumption, the cyclical rotation of the shaft of the sowing machine, due to three cams.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a grain fertilizer seeder (RF Patent No. 191524, MKI A01C 7/00, Bull. No. 23 dated 08/12/2019), which contains a frame, a two-section hopper for seeds and fertilizers, on which cereals are mounted and fertilizer metering devices, self-aligning support wheel and support-drive wheel, which can be combined with the support-press wheels of the planter, and a stepless gearbox.

The stepless gearbox, designed to change the seeding rate within the control range of the gearbox, contains two cams mounted on the drive shaft with an angular displacement of 60 degrees relative to each other. The cams provide smooth rotation of the driven shaft through the reciprocating movement of levers with overrunning clutches and hinged pushers with rollers with the possibility of interaction through the spring of one of the rollers with the cam, and the other with the guide connected to the adjusting lever. The springs return the pushers to their original position. Adjustment of the speed of rotation of the driven shaft is carried out by the adjusting lever by changing the angle of rotation of the guide, which changes the distance of passage of the pushers per unit time, as a result of which the speed of the driven shaft changes.

The disadvantages of the used stepless reducer include that in order to establish a larger range of speed control of the driven shaft, it is necessary to increase the size of the cams having a triangular profile, which increases the dimensions of the reducer, and therefore its metal consumption and cost.

The present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, improving the quality of the uniformity of the supply of planting material by planting machines.

The problem is solved by the fact that the guide has straight tracks, made with the possibility of interaction with the pusher rollers, while four cams are fixed on the drive shaft at 90 degrees, and the straight tracks are made according to the linear dependence x=a, where "a" is the distance from the axis of rotation guide to the track.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2. In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the gearbox-variator of a seeder for planting onion sets - front view. In FIG. 2 - guide: a - front view; b - left side view; c - section A-A.

The proposed gearbox-variator of the seeder for planting onion sets consists of a housing 1, a driven shaft 2 and a driving shaft 3, overrunning clutches 4 mounted on a driven shaft 2, pusher levers 5 pivotally connected to overrunning clutches 4, springs 6, a guide 7 with an adjusting lever 8, installed with the possibility of rotation by means of the adjusting lever 8, and the cams 9, fixed on the drive shaft 3 with the possibility of interaction with the rollers of the pushers 5, while the guide 7 has straight tracks made with the possibility of interacting with the pushers 5 rollers, and on the drive four cams 9 are fixed to the shaft 3 through 90 degrees, while the straight tracks are made according to the linear dependence x-a, where "a" is the distance from the axis of rotation of the guide 7 to the track.

The proposed gearbox-variator planters onion sets works as follows. When the drive shaft 3 rotates, the cams 9, located through 90 degrees, act on the rollers of the pusher levers 5, pivotally connected to the overrunning clutches 4, while the pusher levers 5 with the freewheels 4 perform reciprocating movements with the possibility of interaction through the spring 6 of one of the pusher rollers 5 with a cam 9, and the other with a straight track guide 7. The springs 6 return the levers of the pushers 5 to their original position. Adjustment of the frequency of rotation of the driven shaft 2 is carried out by the adjusting lever 8 by changing the angle of rotation of the guide 7, which has straight tracks, made with the possibility of interacting with the rollers of the pushers 5, which are made according to the linear dependence x=a, where "a" is the distance from the axis of rotation of the guide 7 to the track, which changes the stroke of the pushers per unit time, as a result of which the rotational speed of the driven shaft 2 changes.

Thus, the variator reducer for planting onion sets provides stepless regulation of the rate of piece planting of onion sets in the furrow, regardless of the speed of the planter, which increases productivity.

Claims (1)

SUBSTANCE: reducer-variator of a seeder for planting onion sets, containing a housing, driven and driving shafts, overrunning clutches mounted on the driven shaft, pusher levers pivotally connected to overrunning clutches, springs, a guide with an adjusting lever mounted with the possibility of rotation by means of an adjusting lever, and cams fixed on the drive shaft with the possibility of interacting with the rollers available at the pusher levers, characterized in that the guide has straight tracks made with the possibility of interacting with the pusher lever rollers, while four cams are fixed on the drive shaft through 90 degrees, and the straight tracks are made according to the linear dependence x=a, where a is the distance from the axis of rotation of the guide to the track.

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