WO2005112604A9

WO2005112604A9 - Multipurpose planter

Info

Publication number: WO2005112604A9
Application number: PCT/RU2005/000128
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mikhail Afanasevich Polonskiy
Original assignee: Mikhail Afanasevich Polonskiy
Priority date: 2004-05-20
Filing date: 2005-03-21
Publication date: 2006-01-26
Also published as: RU2004115341A; RU2269884C2; WO2005112604A1

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for seeding and applying granulated fertilisers. The inventive planter comprises a drum which rotates around a fixed perforated axis and whose internal space is filled with seeds supplied from a container by means of a seed spout downwardly adjacent to the hollow axis. The drum cavity is divided into a main collecting chamber and small peripherial chambers which are adjacent to the drum internal perimeter and each of which is provided with a slotted funnel and connected to a seeding chamber, wherein said seeding chamber comprises an adjusting device for singularly planting specify-sized seeds and a device for controlling a seeding timeliness and is connected to the seed spout which is made from plates and is rigidly fixed to the external surface of the drum. The inventive multipurpose planter makes it possible to carry out a single seeding of differently sized grains and to horizontally and vertically apply granulated fertilisers exhibiting desired properties into farm field, layland and into virgin soil. Said planter can be driven by low-power mechanisms and live power.

Description

UNIVERSAL SEEDER

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing devices for sowing seeds of agricultural crops, horticulture, forestry and fertilizing.

The application P2002I18553 / 12/019452 / for the invention "Seeder", which is a seed hopper, a rotating drum, the cavity of which is divided into the main central and small peripheral chambers, each of which has a funnel and is connected to the seed meter, is taken for the prototype of this invention of a universal seeder camera and seed tube, rigidly located on the surface of the drum, while the hopper is connected to the cavity of the drum through the tube through its axis, which is connected to the drums rigidly.

The specified seeder has the following disadvantages: firstly, it has limited ability to feed seeds into the drum; secondly, it is intended for crops having seeds of the same size; thirdly, it has a difficult passage of non-standard seeds / oats, etc. / from the central storage chamber through a round funnel into a small chamber; fourthly, a very complex production process of sowing seed tubes, which makes agricultural producers dependent on the producer’s plant, especially in the field season; fifthly, there is no control of sowing seeds in the soil; and, finally, sixth, the issue of preventive maintenance of the seeder in the event of failure of any of the sowing seed tubes has not been resolved.

The aim of the invention is to solve one of the narrow issues in an extensive program for implementing zero technology for the cultivation of crops, especially in the arid zone, which provides such requirements for sowing devices, how to ensure the accuracy and precision of the method of sowing seeds with the specified horizontal and depth of placement on arable land, fallow and virgin soils, without disturbing the natural grass stand and felt litter in difficult geomorphological relief with steep and very sloping slopes and have low specific pressure ispolnzovaniem soil with a low-power equipment and manpower at its ekssht _/ being published.

The objective of this technical solution is to create a universal seeder, devoid of the above disadvantages and ensure agricultural requirements in accordance with new technologies, environmentally friendly, energy and resource-saving, moisture-proof, leading to increased soil fertility. ^•

This object is achieved in that in a seeder containing a rotating drum, its cavity is divided into a main storage chamber occupying the central part of the drum and peripheral small chambers adjacent to the inner perimeter of the drum, each of which has an elongated funnel / funnel-shaped slot / and is connected through a guide a chamber with a sowing chamber equipped with adjusting devices for piece and timely sowing of seeds of a given size and connected to the sowing seed tube, which is tightly closed captivity on the outer surface of the drum with a bent end in the direction of movement along the radius, commensurate with the diameter of the inscribed cylinder in a 3-sided prism and tetrahedron, making up the plate vas deferens. At. this hopper is connected to the cavity of the drum through the vas deferens through a hollow fixed axis with holes on which the drum rotates.

In FIG. I shows a seeder, general view, where I-hopper, 2- dispenser, 3- seed tube, 5- drum, b- main storage chamber, 7- peripheral small chamber, 8- funnel, 13- - sowing seed tube, 18- bunker sensor for monitoring seed sowing, 19- window for seeder prevention; figure 2 shows a section of the axis of the drum along the line AA and the view from the back of the drum, where 4 is the axis of the drum, 5 is the drum. Figure 3 shows in detail the most important parts of the seeder: 9- guide part of the small chamber, Yu- sowing chamber, II- damper, 12- flap, regulating the accuracy of sowing seeds in time, 13- sowing seed tube, 14- tip of the seed tube, 15- regulating device for single seeding of seeds of a given size, 16- regulating device * for timely seeding of seeds, 17- drum sensor for monitoring seeding of seeds. Figure 4 depicts the shape of the plates from which the sowing seed tube is made, Figure 5 depicts a diagram of the greatest contact with the soil of the seeder with a conical generatrix / wedge-shaped surface /.

The sowing apparatus works as follows: when the seeder moves across the field under the influence of traction mechanisms or manpower, the sowing seed tubes / 13 /, penetrating into the soil with sharp tips of a triangular shape / 14 /, rotate the drum / 5 /. Poured into the hopper / I / seeds / or granular fertilizers / under the influence of gravity through the metering device / 2 / and seed tube / 3 /, inserted into the fixed axis / 4 / from the top through the hole into the main storage chamber / b /, During the movement of the drum the entire grain mass is to the right of the vertical, omitted **, which is from the center of the axis of rotation of the drum. Its distribution on the inner surface is directly dependent on the angular velocity — the higher the velocity, the more stretched the mass — more and more approaching the top point of the drum under the condition E ^ F _n , where P β MQ and P - m-pv. Under the condition P ~ F _{C, the} whole grain mass is evenly distributed over the entire inner surface and there will be no sowing, So, is this the Mskese seed drill? work only at uel * ъrpi ₉ if P ^ P ”Having chosen the sowing speed, mosh determine the diameter of the drum ps above said: the equations ι у« _t \ / oR _t or vice versa. So with a drum diameter of B I meter / as shown in sόпг. ϊ _f sowing speed should not exceed 7.9 shfh. Or, at a sowing speed of IO sh / h, the drum diaener should be I ₉ 6 and. etc. That is, _9, with an increase in the sowing speed, the diameter of the drum increases, which in the FAULT turn makes it difficult to operate the shaft. But B, in the end, everything will depend on four factors: kyashta, soil _? relief, culture, seeded size, etc. Mo: i "it turned out to be the most convenient for you. E: WELL IN THIS CONDITION: bγ ~ blow the drum 2-: n 3-bit in jmeter ε ₀ and in the other - ZΏ - 0.2-1.0 meter .

So j on the right side _? seyena under the defiVtviii, the gravitational forces through the funnels / 8 / wake up in our absolute icyimermer /? / „which, as two: i; your drum is pulled in: -: _β But by raising it, it takes a lot of seeds. - ry is scraped n reaches zero at position GO ⁰ in relation π to

SHGLΘj ^' i TOCHIgiϊ.

With further dvggsessya-ϊ g, iaлo / ϊ Koyeuy. poloisenpe zoronka in relation to the center and the direction of the blue:.: ectp are growing and the revolving siuia, acting on the selenium, will be more and more unavailable under the island.! coal ,. and then n is negative. ϊ the angle to the plane of the inlet: the funnels n somehow part of the ∑ ∑ будет will be pulled out of iα ^* scarlet chamber “

When: when the top of the marque reaches the upper level, the revolving force acting on cei.yuna _r will be directed outside the plane, equal to zero, if the condition P ^ P ^! . Under these conditions:; if the IIeleya Kat Jura is overflowing, some part of the seeds of the YU'ket will spill out. But γ is the best ratio of inlet and outlet openings and Щ ( the position of the funnel, most of the sessions will remain in the small chamber and the process of their accumulation will occur.

Moving further, having passed the upper point, the seeds in the small CEMΘR will begin to move from right to left, filling the lower left corner of the small chamber, as a result of which they fall into the guide part of the chamber / 9 /. The restrictive valve doses up to one seed to the sowing caper / 10 /.

During the last quarter of the drum’s movement along the circumference, the surplus seeds from the guide part of the chamber and the shutter are shifted in the opposite direction due to the remaining free space from pressure of the reconciliation, and the seed: from the sowing chamber rolls: into the sowing seed tube / 13 / to its tip / 14 / by - retjjpshchoshoshchshchiku shield / IS / only during the period of greatest penetration of the tip into the soil. A pointed triangle is the end of the bent prism 60-90 ° in the direction of the drum movement / in the opposite direction from the rotation / along the bend radius of the joint with an inner diameter of 0.2 ^ 40 cm _{and the} inscribed cylinder in a 3-prism and beveled along the plane from the chives, the rib point is attached to the outer side of the bent vas deferens to the upper point of the inner side of the bend through its center to the edge of the bend, while the lower part of the bent prism is filled with a hard alloy and has a triangular yorus with a pink area in the upper part with rib edges? ДΪ И ιι & r with the pointed tip down ~ the top of the tetrahedron, one of the faces of which is in the plane of the cut of the end of the sowing vas deferens. Such an inoculum, penetrating the soil to its full depth, forms a conical hole without clogging the soil and does not allow the seed to sleep early ahead of time until it deepens as it flows during this period at the end of the vas deferens / tip / horizontal platform, and only after the start of the rise the vas deferens this platform bends and the seed falls out> tTi, b

Thus, in the first quarter of the rotation of the drum, starting from the bottom point, two simultaneous processes occur: the process of loading seeds from a large storage chamber into small peripheral chambers and sowing the seed into the wells.

The supply of seeds from the hopper / I / to the large storage chamber / 6 / through the vas deferens / 3 / through the fixed axis / 4 / allowed to increase the space for the vas deferens, thereby increasing its diameter, and the volume and size of the sowing seeds mean.

In the field, breakdowns are inevitable and, as a rule, the working part of the mechanism breaks, i.e. sowing seed tube. It is easy to make it in the conditions of local workshops from sheet metal of high strength with the parameters of the internal space appropriate for a tubular sowing seed tube.

The restrictor flap adjuster / 15 / and the limiter flap adjuster / 16 / allow you to use the seeder for sowing the seeds of most crops ranging in size from millet to small peas, soybeans, etc., i.e. This seeder is universal. Of course, seeders, medium- and large-seeded crops will have slightly different characteristics: the size of the drum, its axis, seed tube, small storage chamber, etc. , but the principle of universality of sowing seeds with these seeders will be maintained for all crops. And the set of such seeders on the farm can be reduced to 2,

Sensors for monitoring the seeding in the sowing chambers / 17 / and the hopper / 18 / will make it possible to save time on checking and preventing the seeder through individual windows / 19 / and to produce better sowing.

It should be noted that by changing the length of the sowing vas deferens

0.5t30 cm. You can adjust the depth of seed placement, and accordingly the interval - by changing the interval between sowing seed waters 2 * 100 cm.

Depending on the alignment of the field / degree of planning / the width of the drum can be from single-row to multi-row - 3 * 100 cm.

In the conditions of deposits and virgin soils with a complex geomorphological relief with steep and very steep slopes, especially in the forested part of the terrain, a single-row drum seeder with a conical generatrix / with a sharply wedge-shaped pointed surface / should be used, which will copy the relief and preserve the conditions for the given seed placement depth / Fig. 5/.

Based on the foregoing, it can be argued that this seeder can also be used to apply granular fertilizers to the required depth.

By alternating single-row or multi-row drum seeders or their combinations, it will be possible to simultaneously sow seeds and fertilize. Moreover, using seeders with sowing seed tubes of different lengths and intervals between them, it is possible to sow seeds of different crops very accurately _t using different germination times, or crops and fertilizers with respect to each other and the surface and, finally, the same culture, using more deep fertile soil horizons.

It should be noted in particular that the universal seeder is not only very simple in design and lightweight, but also accessible to everyone for its operation, especially for small farms, in greenhouses where not only low-power mechanisms can be used as a traction force _* - , but also manpower, including man.

Source of information I. Application H? 2002118553/12 / 019452 / IPC A 01 C 7/04

Claims

Claim

I. A universal seeder containing a seed hopper, seed tube, rotating drum and seed tubes about t? What is the topic _? that the peripheral chambers have slit-like funnels

2. The universal 'seeder according to item 1 is molded by the fact that the sowing chambers are equipped with a regulator of the clearance of the restrictive damper - for the single-piece supply of seeds of a certain size and with a regulator for tilting the flap for timely sowing of seeds.

3. The universal seeder according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the sowing seed tubes are made of plates.

4. The universal seeder according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the bending radius of the sowing seed tube from the plates is comparable: with its internal diameter of the inscribed cylinder in a 3-facet prism.

5. The universal seeder according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the lower part of the bent sowing seed tube from the plates is filled with alloy and pointed.

6. The universal seeder according to point I, which is known as the topic _? that the rotating drum is mounted on a fixed axis.

7. The universal seeder according to paragraph I, characterized in that the seed tube is connected to the hollow axis from above.

8. The universal seeder according to point I, characterized in that the hopper and sowing chambers are equipped with electronic sensors for sowing seeds.

9. The universal seeder according to point I, characterized in that the rotating drum has a σ-shaped and pointed. The universal seeder according to point I, characterized in that on one side of the drum along the perimeter there are preventive windows _*