RU1771395C - Sunflower growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: in crop production to increase the yield of sunflower seeds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Two varieties or a hybrid of sunflower are sown, differing sharply in height and photosensitivity. Sowing is carried out between rows with an inter-row space of 35 cm and a distance between plants of 0.7-1.1 inter-row sizes, and with a total plant stand density of 75-120 thousand per ha. 1 tab.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in crop production to increase the yield of sunflower seeds.

Known methods for cultivating sunflower seeds with an inter-seed width of 45 to 90 cm and a plant density of 20 to 60 thousand per hectare include growing seeds for commercial and seed purposes. However, they do not take into account the biological characteristics of individual varieties and hybrids of this culture, in particular, the height, foliage, and general habitus of plants, the development power of the root system, varietal differences in the degree of use of light energy, moisture, nutrients, etc.

A known method of cultivating sunflower with a spacing of 70 cm and a plant density of 30-50 thousand plants (with irrigation 60 thousand) per hectare, in which the shape of the plant nutrition area is not regulated and has the form of an elongated quadrangle (P.G.Semikhnenko and other

Sunflower Culture, M., 1960; Sunflower, M., 1965; Sunflower (monographs), M., 1975; Industrial technology for the cultivation of sunflower (recommendations), Krasnodar, 1986; Guidelines for the development of the Kuban intensive sunflower cultivation technology in the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, 1988).

The specified method has become almost standard in our country, as well as in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and other countries.

A significant drawback of this method is that due to the insufficient number and uneven distribution of plants in the area of part of the arable and subsurface layers of the soil, especially in the middle of inter-rows, it is poorly covered by the root system of plants that do not fully utilize nutrients and moisture. This is clearly seen when studying the intake of basic nutrients in plants using conventional agrochemical methods and especially

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However, the use of the phosphorus isotope 3 P. The experiments showed that nutrients from the soil layer located in the middle of 70 cm between rows are used by plants 2-3 times less intensively than in soil layers 15-20 cm away from plants. In addition, in standard sowing (with a spacing of 70 cm), solar energy is not fully utilized.

Ultimately, this negatively affects the formation of the yield of sunflower seeds, which far does not correspond to its potential capabilities.

The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of sunflower seeds due to the better use of soil fertility and solar energy by plants.

The goal is achieved in that in the known method of cultivation of sunflower, including the sowing of two varieties or hybrids, sharply differing in height and photosensitivity of plants. One ordinary variety or hybrid is tall, type Peredovik (1.8–2.5 m high), which requires 23–25 thousand lux for the normal development of the average vegetative period for the growing season, and the other is a low-growing, shade-tolerant type of the Don low 47 (height 0.6 -0.8 m), requiring an average daily light of 10-12 thousand lux per vegetation.

Each variety or hybrid is sown on 50% of the area with a spacing of 35 cm in one field (across a row), and the distance between plants in rows is taken equal to 0.7-1.1 inter-row values, with a total density of one hundred plants 75-120 thousand per 1 ha or more. In this case, the uneven distribution of the distances in the rows should not exceed the value of the variation coefficient equal to 25-30%. The shape of the nutritional area of each plant in this case is a configuration of a square or quadrangle close to a square.

Uniform placement on the area increased by 1.5-2.5 times (against the maximum accepted standard) the number of plants of two different types of varieties

or hybrids of sunflower (photophilous tall and shade-tolerant undersized) per hectare, the creation in the stalk of a bivalve assimilation apparatus and the creation of a square for each plant

or the shape of the feeding area close to it allows the most productive use of soil fertility resources, solar energy and a significant increase in the yield of seeds of this crop, as can be seen from the data presented in Table 1.

The proposed method for the cultivation of sunflower, as can be seen from Table 1, allows increasing the seed yield by 1012 centners per hectare with practically no additional costs.

Using the proposed method for the cultivation of sunflower provides, in comparison with the existing method, the following advantages:

1. Increases seed yield by

10-12 centners per ha;

2. Increases the collection of oil by 500-600 kg per ha and protein by 160-190 kg per ha;

Claims (1)

3. Reduces the cost of seeds n. The claims A method of growing sunflower, including sowing two varieties or hybrids, dramatically different in height and photosensitivity, characterized the fact that, in order to increase productivity by making the fullest use of soil fertility and improve the light-air regime, cultivars or hybrids, differing increases photosensitivity, is sown through the bottom with an inter-spacing of 35 cm with a distance between plants of 0.7-1.1 inter-size, and with a total plant density of 75-120 thousand / ha. Seed productivity with different methods of cultivation of sunflower (experiments of the authors on an experimental basis IN N NIM K) Table 1