RU2178247C2 - Method of intertilled varieties seeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method includes stitched seeding into a line. Seeding is performed into central dotted stitches by large-fraction seeds, median-fraction seeding, for middle dotted stitches and low-fraction seeds, for marginal dotted stitches of a line at shifting seeds against a stitch's axis. EFFECT: improved plant growth conditions. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing seeds of agricultural row crops.

 Known dotted sowing, in which one seed is sown in each nest of the row. The distance between seeds in a row (or step of a dashed line) and the distance between (seeds) in dashed rows - row spacing depend on the climatic zones of cultivation of row crops (for example, soybeans).

 For the conditions of the Primorsky Territory, it is recommended to sow soybean seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and the distance between seeds in a dashed line of 5 cm. (See Gershevich M.G., Kalinich G.F., Dovbenko N.S., Slobodyan A.K. Sowing methods soybeans and ways to improve sowing machines // Transactions / Primorsky Agricultural Institute. - Ussuriysk. - 1974 - issue 29. S. 102-106).

 A distinctive feature of dashed sowing is the requirement for uniform distribution of seeds with a given dashed pitch. With the dashed method of sowing soybeans, an increase in productivity is achieved by increasing the weight of 1000 grains and additional beans from the branches. In this case, the branches are a rather productive part of the soybean plant.

 However, the known method of sowing soy has disadvantages. On dashed soybean crops, a low placement of lower beans is observed, which leads to large crop losses during mechanized harvesting, although the header of the combine harvester is set to a low cut. (See. V. Lipin. Development of a method of sowing soybeans and technical means for its implementation in the Penza region. Report on research IX-30, N gr. 0186005304, inv. N 02910012270. - M.: MIISP. 1990. - C .90-92.

 In addition, during inter-row processing of soybean crops, it is necessary to leave protective zones with a width of 10. on each side of the line. . 12 cm. This leads to the fact that when inter-row processing of soybeans, only 40 are processed. . 45% of the cultivated area, and most of it remains inaccessible to the working bodies of the cultivating cultivator. In the remaining protective zones and dashed lines of soybean weeds develop that successfully compete with soybean plants. This leads to inhibition of soybean plants, insufficient lighting, which leads to a decrease in productive tillering and productivity.

 With a decrease in protective zones during inter-row cultivations with a shift in the working bodies of a cultivating cultivator, soybean plants are completely cut to the cultivator's grip width, which leads to thinning of crops. (See Gershevich M.G., Kalinich G.F., Dovbenko N.S., Slobodyan A.K. Ways of soybean sowing and ways to improve sowing machines // Transactions / Primorsky Agricultural Institute. - Ussuriysk. -1974 - Iss. 29 S. 102-106.).

 Also known is a method of sowing seeds of row crops, including row sowing, which is carried out in a strip with dashed lines, and in the extreme rows the seeds are placed with an offset relative to the axis of the row. (See A. p. 1676478, MKI A 01 C 7/00, 1991. N 34).

 To implement the known method of sowing seeds (for example, soybeans) are sown with a strip of width 16.. . 24 cm in dotted lines with a single-grain sowing machine. The distance between the dashed lines and the seeds in the line depends on climatic conditions and the agrobiological properties of the seeds sown.

 The known method of sowing seeds of row crops allows you to place plants more evenly over the field area, provide rational conditions for growth, lighting, increase the degree of productive tillering. Due to the displacement of seeds in the extreme lines of the strip relative to the axis of the line, reduce the protective zone to a minimum during inter-row treatments.

 However, the known method of sowing has disadvantages.

 When conducting inter-row cultivations of crops due to a shift towards the row cultivating unit, partial cutting of plants occurs in the extreme rows of the strip. The result is sparse extreme lines of the strip. This means that the remaining plants in the extreme lines have a larger area of nutrition and illumination, greater access to nutrients and air, as they carry out inter-row treatments "under the strip" than plants in the middle lines of the strip. Plants in the extreme lines of the strip have better conditions for development and productive tillering, although seeds are sown in each line of one fraction. Plants in all lines of the strip compete with each other. Plants in the middle lines of the strip are oppressed by plants developing in the extreme lines. Plants in the central lines of the strip are oppressed by plants developing in the middle and extreme lines of the strip.

 The purpose of the invention is the provision for each plant of rational conditions for growth, illumination, a high degree of productive tillering, flatness and grains of beans on the plant.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of sowing seeds of row crops, including row sowing in the strip with dashed lines, and in the extreme rows of the strip with seed placement with an offset relative to the axis of the row, sowing seeds of a large fraction in the central dotted lines, sowing the middle fraction in the middle dotted lines lines, and sowing the fine fraction in the extreme dotted lines.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed method of sowing seeds of row crops meets the criterion of "novelty" as it differs from the prototype.

 1. Seeds in the central rows of the strip are sown in coarse fractions.

 2. In the middle dotted lines of the strip, seeds of the middle fraction are sown.

 3. The seeds of the fine fraction are sown in the extreme dotted lines of the strip.

 In order to ensure equal conditions for growth and illumination of plants, seeds of the largest fraction are sown in the central rows of the strip. Seed size affects the germination, growth and development of plants (e.g. soybeans). When sowing seeds of soybean fractions 7.. . 8, 6.. . 7 and 5.. . 6 mm in dashed ways the plants differ in height, the presence and placement of beans on the plant, the number of seeds in beans and the mass of seeds on one plant, as well as the branching of plants. (See Chekhov I.K. Influence of coarseness and density of soybean seeds on their sowing qualities and productivity // Sib. Bulletin of agricultural science. - 1979, N 6. - P. 69-73).

 After sowing, the seeds, being in the soil, have equal conditions for germination. However, the seeds of a large fraction have a high density and germination energy. The seed germination energy characterizes the yield and is determined by the percentage of normally germinated seeds for a certain period.

 The density of seeds depends on their chemical composition, air content in the membranes and endosperm. “The higher the density of seeds, the higher the field germination, the strength of the initial growth and the higher the yield. For example, according to N. A. Maysuryan, the increase in yield when sowing grain crops with high density varies in the range of 2. ... 5 c / ha. According to T.O. Ivashchenko, the separation of sugar beet seeds in water (by density) increases the root productivity by 5. ... 23 c / ha. (See Buzenkov G.M., Ma S.A. Machines for sowing crops . M.: 1976. - S. 6.9).

 In the process of growth and development, plants in the central lines of the strip have less illumination and nutrition area than in the middle and extreme lines, as they are obscured by plants in the middle and extreme lines of the strip. As a result of this, plants grown from medium fraction seeds on the middle lines of the strip catch up with plants on the central lines in the growth. Plants on the middle lines of the strip have better illumination and greater access to air and nutrients than plants on the central lines, since the root system is located closer to the zone of the treated soil strip.

 Plants in the extreme lines of the strip have a larger area of nutrition and illumination, greater access to air and nutrients than in the middle and central lines, as some plants of the extreme line are cut by the working bodies of the cultivating cultivator and are placed closer to the cultivated soil. Therefore, in the process of plant vegetation in the extreme lines, the strips catch up with the growth and development of plants on the middle and central lines.

 Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed method for sowing seeds of row crops allow us to conclude that the technical injury meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

 The drawing shows the layout of soybean seeds: a - large 7.. . 8 mm, b - average 6.. . 7 mm, in - fine fraction 5.. . 6 mm. Seeds, such as soybeans, are sown in a strip of width 16.. . 24 cm in dotted lines with a single-grain sowing machine. The distance between the dashed lines depends on climatic conditions and agrobiological properties of the sown seeds. Seeds of the coarse fraction are sown in the central dashed lines of the strip (for soybean 7... 8 mm), seeds of the middle fraction are sown in the middle dashed lines of the strip (for soy 6... 7 mm) and seeds of the fine fraction are sown in extreme dashed lines (for soybean 5... 6 mm). Seeds are sown with a single-grain sowing apparatus. In the extreme dotted lines, seeds are sown with compressed air. Due to the fact that the air pressure changes, the seeds are sown in the extreme stitches with an offset relative to the axis of the extreme dashed stitch. The displacement of the seeds relative to the axis of the dotted line depends on the properties of the sown seeds and the degree of air pressure of the sowing apparatus. The rational density of plants, such as soybeans, per hectare is 450.. . 700 thousand plants (for the conditions of the Primorsky Territory).

 The claimed method of sowing seeds of row crops allows you to place plants more evenly across the field, to provide rational conditions for growth, lighting, access of air and nutrients for plants of each dashed line of the strip, thereby increasing the equivalent development of plants and increasing the degree of productive tillering and evenness of beans and bean grains on plants of each line.

 In addition, the proposed method of sowing seeds of row crops allows sowing seeds of different fractions with different intervals in the lines depending on the agricultural services and climatic conditions of the economy.

Claims (1)

 A method of sowing seeds of row crops, including line sowing in the strip with dashed lines, and in the extreme lines of the strip - with the placement of seeds with an offset relative to the axis of the line, characterized in that the central dotted lines of the sown strip carry out the sowing of seeds of a large fraction, in the middle dotted lines - sowing of the middle fraction, and in the extreme dotted lines of the strip - sowing of the fine fraction.