RU2108017C1 - Method and apparatus for improving and creating winter pastures on light semiarid soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting open furrows of 14-16 cm width, 6-8 cm height, with space between furrows being within the range of 45-70 cm; sowing camphor-fume (C), sagebrush (S), vitex (V) and fescue (F) seeds in furrows in accordance with pattern: V+F+C+V+F+C+S+V (3V+2C+2F+S). Sowing time is the end of November. Apparatus has spherical disks, planters and sweep-type chains. Spherical disks are positioned in spaced relation and at an angle of 21-23 deg one with respect to another, with space being within the range of 45-70 cm. Chain links are made from bars having diameter of 14-16 cm, width of 75-85 cm and length of 165-195 mm. Working part of sweep-type chain is formed from 3-6 links. EFFECT: increased productivity, improved botanical content of ameliorated pasture, elimination of wind erosion, increased efficiency of apparatus and enhanced reliability in operation. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the improvement or creation of pastures located on light soils of the semi-desert.

 Known methods for improving pasture, including processing of soddy soil with strips, sowing grass seeds in these strips and rolling sown rows, as well as combined units for their implementation [1 - 3].

 The John Deere [1] Power-Till seeder improves pastures using the Zebra system, in which competition of native vegetation is suppressed by strip application of herbicides. This allows you to sow grass seeds into narrow shallow furrows with a width of 1.3-1.9 cm, a depth of 1.5-5.7 cm and achieve the desired results.

 In our country, similar technical and chemical products are not produced. Therefore, the use of the Zebra system would certainly lead to unreasonably high costs for improving pastures.

 Also known is a combined unit with loosening working bodies that implements a multi-ordinate method of sowing seeds of fodder forage plants and cereal grasses [2]. It is made in a two-row version, so it can not provide high-performance work. In addition, to create a pasture with a variety of food, seeds need to be sown in two periods, i.e. in the fall (in September) and on the eve of winter (in November), which reduces the effectiveness of the proposed device.

 Known combined unit for the surface improvement of meadows and pastures in a strip method [3], selected as a prototype, which contains flat disks assembled in a section in the form of a wedge with the angle forward, with a decrease in the diameter of the disks from the angle of the wedge to its periphery. To process one strip of turf on a section, 5 disks are required to be mounted, of which 4 lateral are mounted at an angle to the direction of movement.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of the design of the tillage section, which inevitably leads to a decrease in the operational reliability of the machine.

 Known devices for seeding are equipped with openers. For a more accurate placement of small seeds, it is necessary to use coulters of a complex design, which inevitably also leads to a decrease in the operational reliability of machines.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the pasture, improve its botanical composition, prevent wind erosion, increase productivity and reliability of the combined unit.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the pasture the seeds of the most adapted wild fodder plants are planted in open furrows with a width of 14-16 cm and a depth of 6-8 cm, formed by spherical disks installed at an angle of attack of 21-23 ^o at a distance of 45-60 cm apart from each other.

 The seeds of camphorosma (K), white wormwood (Sex), rod (P) and fescue (T) are sown in the furrows according to the scheme: P + T + K + P + T + K + Paul + P (3P + 2K + 2T + 1Pol ) Sowing dates come at the end of November.

 Studies have shown that this method of tillage in the case of accurate seed placement in depth is quite acceptable for the introduction of fine-seeded semi-desert fodder plants in the existing grass stand.

 Semi-desert pastures dominated by camphor, white wormwood, common thistle and fescue are traditionally considered winter. This is due to the biological characteristics of these feed plants.

 Camphorosma and thistle are shrubs of the haze family. They reach forage ripeness at the end of August. With the onset of frost and throughout the winter they do not lose their nutritional advantages, therefore, they are considered as bait food.

 Wormwood sheep and cattle begin to eat only after frost, when the essential oils contained in this plant are neutralized.

 And in fescue, unlike other cereals of semi-desert grasses, numerous root shoots remain green all winter.

 The listed biochemical distinguishing features make it possible to consider camphorosmus, white wormwood, common thistle and fescue as the main types of fodder plants for winter pastures.

 In FIG. 1 shows a combined unit (top view); in FIG. 2 - cross section of a furrow and a device for planting seeds of fodder plants in the soil (chains - plume), view AA; in FIG. 3 - chain link.

 The combined unit includes a frame 1 with a snap, frames of disk batteries 2, spherical disks 3, support wheels 4, can sowing devices 5, daisy chains for planting seeds into the soil 6, support-drive wheels 7 and drive of sowing devices 8.

 Seed material devices 5 through the seed tubes are sown in the furrows. The length of the vas deferens is selected in such a way that its lower edge is below the level of the field surface. In this case, the blowing of seeds into the untreated row-spacing is prevented.

 In accordance with the size of the furrow, the sizes of the links of the loop-loop 6 for planting seeds in the soil were selected. The diameter of the bar for its manufacture is 14–16 mm, the length of the link is 165–195 mm, and the width is 75–85 mm.

 Chains are fixed to the machine frame in one line with the processed strips. In the process, they are dragged along the furrows, as a result of which the links bring down small particles of soil from the walls of the furrows, seeding them with seeds.

 For planting seeds of camphor, wormwood, brood and fescue to the optimum depth (0.5-1.2 cm), the working part of each chain consists of 3-6 links.

 The proposed method of planting seeds in the soil fully implements the classical requirement of agricultural technology about the need to lay seed material on a hard bed and covering it with a loose soil layer, due to which the range of the depth of planting seeds in the soil varies in a narrow range of 11, 76-12.60 mm, which is considered ideal .

 As a result, in comparison with seeding with openers, field germination is significantly increased. Shoots develop more slowly than on a plowed background. However, seeded species are successfully rooted due to friendly shoots and elimination of competition from native vegetation.

 In addition, the new method and means for improving and creating winter pastures do not contribute to the development of wind erosion due to minimal tillage and the preservation of natural vegetation in intact aisles.

 The method and the combined unit were tested in semi-desert pastures (Chernozemly district of the Kalmyk Republic) in a pasture with sandy soil. The seeds of white wormwood, barley and fescue were sowed in a random order with a row spacing of 70 cm. Shoots of seeded species were obtained, subsequently well rooted in the existing grass stand.

 The technological process of replanting due to the simplicity of the design of the working bodies of the unit is performed reliably.

 In terms of productivity, savings in specific capital costs and operating costs, the new unit surpasses previously known similar machines.

Sources of information
1. Seeder model "Power Till", prospectus firm "John Deere".

 2. SU, copyright certificate, 1558321, cl. A 01 C 7/00, F 01 B 79/02, 49/06. A method for improving semi-desert pastures and a device for its implementation / V.Kh. Maliev, I.M. Botashev, V.A. Filonenko, A.N. Serdhechny and G.A. Motorinsky (USSR), 1990, p. 4.

 3. SU, copyright certificate, 268056, cl. A 01 B 79/04. A unit for surface improvement of meadows and pastures / V.I. Skorik, V.P. Zhidovinov, A.P. Talaev and N.A. Cherentsov (USSR), 1970, p. 4.

Claims (4)

1. A method of improving and creating winter pastures on light soils of the semi-desert, including strip tillage, multi-row sowing of grass seeds in these strips, characterized in that the sowing of camphorosma seeds (K), white wormwood (Paul), barley (P) and fescue ( T) produce in open grooves with a depth of 6 - 8 cm and a width of 14 - 16 cm with aisles of 45 - 70 cm according to the following scheme:
P + T + K + P + T + K + Paul + P (3P + 2K + 2T + Paul). 2. A combined device for improving and creating winter pastures on light soils of the semi-desert, containing a frame, disk tillage organs, disk sowing machines and closing organs, characterized in that the device is equipped with 6-8 cm deep and 14-16 cm wide cutters spherical disk working bodies installed at a distance of 45 - 70 cm from each other at an angle of attack of 21 - 23 ^o .  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that a loop circuit is used as the closing organ, the links of which are made of a bar with a diameter of 14 - 16 mm, a width of 75 - 85 mm and a length of 165 - 195 mm.  4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the working part of the loop circuit consists of 3 to 6 links.

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