RU2067802C1 - Row crop cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, cultivation of row crops such as sugar beet. SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivating intermediate mulching crop; tilling soil and seeding, with winter cereal crop carrion being used as mulching crop; upon wintering, effectuating presowing soil treatment and strip sowing so that mulching crop is left between plant rows; grinding and covering by rotary cultivators during tillage of row spacings. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified method. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating row crops.

There is a method of cultivating corn, which consists in preliminary sowing on winter plots from the autumn of wintering crops of phacelia, mustard, rye, clover, colza or ryegrass. In the spring before sowing, the aerial mass of overwintered crops is killed with herbicides and the soil is cultivated with continuous cultivators. The crop mass of wintering crops cut by cultivators mulches the topsoil, which increases the yield [1]
The disadvantages of the method are the consumption of seeds and the cost of sowing intermediate crops, the use of herbicides for their destruction. The aboveground mass of intermediate crops killed by the herbicides in the soil decomposes slowly, and the herbicides pollute the soil and increase costs.

The prototype is the sowing of spring intermediate crops from autumn, which die off in the winter from frost. In spring, pre-sowing cultivation of the soil and sowing sugar beets are carried out on chills [2]
The disadvantage of the prototype is the consumption of seeds and the cost of sowing spring crops. In addition, pathogenic fungi and bacteria develop on cultivated spring mass of spring crops, which infect cultivated crops.

 The aim of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the method.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a method that includes cultivating an intermediate mulching crop, cultivating the soil and sowing, carrion (seedlings from the seeds that showered when harvesting the previous crop) of winter crops are used as a mulching crop, and after wintering, pre-sowing cultivation and sowing are carried out leaving between the rows of strips of mulching culture, grinding and incorporation of which are carried out by milling cultivators during the processing of row spacings.

 The mulching culture (scavenger) prevents the development of wind and water erosion of the soil, preserves soil moisture, inhibits the growth of weeds, and the plants left in the aisles during sowing protect the seedlings of the cultivated crop from frost; and after grinding, mulch the soil between the rows.

 Significance of differences and novelty. There is no way of cultivating row crops, including the distinctive features of the declared, i.e. the use of a fall crop of winter crops as a mulching crop and strip pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, and sowing with the mulch crop left between rows of strips, grinding and incorporation of which is carried out by milling cultivators during inter-row tillage.

 Example. After harvesting winter wheat, stubble cultivation was carried out with a disc harrow and subsurface tillage by plows without dumps to a depth of 28 30 cm with simultaneous harrowing. Seedlings of crumbled seeds of winter wheat appeared 8-10 days after tillage (planting density of 400,500 plants per square meter), which have grown since the autumn and formed three shoots each winter. In the spring, when establishing the optimal timing for sowing sugar beets (April 20), strip processing of the soil with a milling cultivator was carried out: the width of the treated strip was 25 cm, the width of the left untreated strips was 20 cm. The depth of the soil was 4-5 cm.

 Following the tillage, the SST-12B seeder sowed sugar beets into the treated strips. After 5 to 6 days after sowing, beets were harrowed across the rows, and when true leaves appeared (May 6), row-spacing was treated with milling cultivators to a depth of 8 10 cm.When row-row cultivating, the plants of the mulching culture between rows of beets were crushed and planted into the soil. Subsequent inter-row processing of beets was carried out by conventional cultivators USMK-5, 4B with hilling organs.

 Long-term studies have shown that during the harvesting of winter wheat an average of 3 to 5 centners of grain is crumbled onto the soil surface annually, which is enough to obtain uniform seedlings used for mulching the soil.

 The advantages of the method are the use of winter crops crumbling when harvesting for cultivation of mulch crops that protect the soil from weeds, water and wind erosion, reducing the cost of tillage when cultivating row crops. Mulching culture reduces the number of tillages and positively affects the development of plants, because a favorable phytoclimate is created between the plant strips, soil erosion, and weediness of crops are reduced, which does not require the use of herbicides.

 The effectiveness of the method is shown in the table.

 The method can be widely used in cultivating row crops of sugar and fodder beets, corn, sunflower, potatoes, carrots and others in all areas of their cultivation and give a high economic effect. TTT1

Claims (1)

 A method of cultivating row crops, including growing an intermediate mulching crop, cultivating the soil, and sowing the main crop, characterized in that the winter crops are used as a mulching crop, and pre-sowing cultivation of the soil after wintering and sowing of the main crop is carried out in strip with the mulching being left between rows of plants crops, grinding and incorporation of which is carried out during the processing of row spacings.

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