SU1727597A1 - Method for biological control of russian sweet-sultan - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: agriculture, radical improvement of agrophytocenosis of estuaries. The essence of the invention: on heavily littered creeping Lymany estuary lands, in spring plowing, a scabbone of the awnless spleen under the barley cover or in the summer-autumn period under the cover of winter rye was sown. 2 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture (farming) and is intended to fundamentally improve the agrophytocenoses of the estuaries, sharply increase the productivity of the estuary lands by destroying on them the bitter root-weeds - creeping weed.

In modern agriculture, agrotechnical and chemical methods using highly toxic herbicides such as tordon 22 K, chloramp, sangor (salts of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) are used for effective land use.

Chemical methods of killing a bitter creeping allow clearing the weeds from the ground for the first and second years of herbicide application, and re-cultivating the tillage crop, corn resistant to anti-gorchic germicides, or in the crop rotation link: corn - corn - winter wheat - barley for up to four years. In these cases, herbicides of a toxic effect lasting up to three to four years are applied under autumn plowing or during the growing season of three to five leaves of corn.

However, the known methods of killing creeping gorchaka lead to residual accumulation of chemicals in the feed to 0.1-0.4 mg / kg and in the soil to 0.005-0.02 mg / kg, disruption of a clean ecological environment. According to the MPC (maximum permissible concentration), the presence of their residues in the feed is unacceptable. And the high cost of herbicides makes their use economically inefficient.

As phytocenotic methods of weed control and biological deadening methods are those where winter crops, perennial grasses, and other crops are competitive to many types of weeds. However, due to the variety of forms of plant relationships in the community and insufficient study of their response to changes in environmental factors, the biological method of suppressing weeds has a general judgment and no specific techniques have been proposed.

The purpose of the invention is the purification of estuary lands with a long spring zatopso

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(25–30 days) from quarantine weeds of the gorchaka creeping weed, and growing high planned yields of fodder crops at low production costs and highly profitable ™ while maintaining a clean ecological environment.

The goal is achieved by the fact that when zaluzhenie strongly creeping with creeping Lytachku estuaries lands by perennial rhizomatous cereal - bone of the awnless under the cover of grain crops (barley, winter rby) create competitive conditions for creeping creeping grasses in the first year of perennial grasses. Full clearance of creeping estuaries from the estuaries and increase in the productivity of estuary lands is achieved by the third and fourth years of use when grown by intensive technology that is resistant to long-term flooding of perennial rhizomatous grass cereal - awnless bone. At the same time, dense sod is formed on the soil surface, displacing the offspring of the creeping bitter, a powerful herbage (up to 1000 pcs / m2 or more) of densely leafy stems develops, and the sunshine reaches the soil surface inside the crops by 99.1-99.2% , biological shading and loss of the light-loving bitter creeping occurs. As a result of the biological suppression of creeping bitterness, the productivity of estuary lands increases: hay yield from 3.2 to 5.8-6.1 t / ha or from 1.5 to 3.0 t / ha of feed units.

The principal difference of the proposed method of control lies in the fact that biological purification of estuary lands from creeping gorchak gives an opportunity to get high yields of herbicides clean of toxic substances and maintain the ecological environment in three to four years of cultivation of the awnless bone marrow. crop rotation to cultivate silage forage crops on cultivated lands by intensive technology.

Example. Strongly littered with quarantine weed - creeping gorchak (up to 180–200 stems per 1 m2), in the spring plowing in the spring plowing of the awnless bones under the barley cover or under the cover of winter rye in the summer-autumn period. The seeding rate of the awnless brome is 8–9 million viable seeds per hectare, barley or rye 2.5–3 million units / ha. The sowing is carried out with a grain-grass seedling with a depth of seeding of the awnless bone marrow 2.5-3 cm,

crops - 5-6 cm. In the year of sowing in the arid steppe and semi-desert, the yield of grain crops, planted as cover, due to the large weediness of the floor and

strong competition with creeping bitter, decreases by 30-70%. A wreckless brome under a cover of barley or winter rye and with a noticeable weakening of the vegetative growth of the creeping bitter-tree, is much better rooted and developed. In subsequent years, the growth and development of the awnless bone marrow, while observing the optimum mode of spring flooding and nourishment, the botanical composition of the grass stand is improved, displaced from

an agrophytocenter, a creeping bitter, increases the yield of hay and cultivates the field for cultivation and obtaining high yields of subsequent crops.

Application of the biological method

Destroying the malicious weed of the estuary lands - creeping gorchak compared with the known agrotechnical and chemical methods has the following advantages: achieving complete cleansing of the estuaries from creeping gorchak without the use of highly toxic herbicides that pollute the environment and strongly lower the food dignity of the products;

programmed yields free from harmful chemical residues; the possibility of widespread use of intensive technology in the cultivation of silage feed crops on cultivated

fields of crop rotation in the reservoir and turnover of the reservoir of perennial cereal - the bone of the awnless; The introduction of a biological method of clearing the estuary lands from the creeping gorchak on an area of 1,200 hectares in 1988 created a solid forage base for animal husbandry.

Comparative indicators when testing known (chemical) and proposed (biological) methods of combating

creeping gorchak with irrigation irrigation are given in Table. 1 and 2.

Claims (1)

The invention of the method of biological control of creeping bitter, including sowing on the weed plots perennial grass competitive culture, characterized in that, in order to increase the effectiveness of weed control in estuary irrigated conditions, As a competitive culture, boneless stands are used, the sowing of which is carried out under the cover of a grain crop. Table 1 Cultivation of corn with the introduction of chloramp in the rate of 1 kg AI / ha The number of stems creeping bitter, pieces / m2 The content of residues of the herbicide, mg / kg: 36