RU2250585C2 - Method for cultivation of jerusalem artichoke - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing autumn preplanting soil cultivation; applying organic and mineral fertilizers; cutting ridges; planting seed tubers; providing interrow cultivation and harvesting. First year planting is provided at density of 20,000-25,000 plants per hectare in ridges. Plant tops are mown for forage 2-3 weeks before harvesting of tubers. During harvesting process, large-sized and average-sized fractions are collected. Each year seed fraction in the form of narrow tape is directed aside with 30-40 cm offset and covered with 10-12 cm soil layer for forming of windrow. Second and subsequent years in spring field is cultivated before germination of young crops and later on young crops and mineral fertilizer is applied on ridge sides. In case of excessive density of ridges, transverse cultivation is provided for plant thinning.

EFFECT: improved growing conditions, reduced damage during harvesting, reduced labor intensity and probability of Sclerotinia disease.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, and can be used in conditions of cultivation on medium and heavy soils.

A known method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn tillage with the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers, planting seed tubers, inter-row cultivation with thinning plants, harvesting tubers after plowing (1).

The disadvantage of this method is that with annual plowing, tubers are harvested manually, which increases the cost of the process.

A known method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant planting with organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, spring loosening of the soil with restoration of ridges, planting tubers in ridges, harrowing to seedlings and seedlings, row cultivating cultivators, hilling, harvesting green mass, harvesting tuber harvester (2).

The disadvantage of this method is damage to the tuberous nest by the wheels of the aggregates when harvesting green mass.

The objective of the invention is to improve growing conditions, reduce damage during harvesting, reduce labor costs by creating a three-dimensional profile of the ridge and a compact tuberous nest, and reduce sclerotinia diseases when cultivated for many years.

This object is achieved in that the method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke includes autumn preplant planting, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, planting seed tubers, row cultivation and harvesting, while planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in ridges, tops are mowed for forage 2-3 weeks before tubers are harvested, large and medium fractions are collected during harvesting, and the seed fraction is sent annually with a narrow ribbon to the side with an offset of 30-40 cm and covered with soil 10-12 cm, roll forming, on the second and subsequent years spring field before germination, then shoots were cultured on a tape mineral fertilizers on the sides of the row, for thickening rows transverse cultivation is carried out for thinning plants.

Distinctive features of the proposed method is that planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in the ridges, the tops are mowed for forage 2-3 weeks before harvesting the tubers, when harvesting, large and medium fractions are collected, and the seed fraction is annually a narrow ribbon is directed to the side with an offset of 30-40 cm and covered with soil by 10-12 cm, forming a swath, in the second and subsequent years in the spring the field before germination, and then cultivate by seedlings with tape application of mineral fertilizers on the sides of the row, when thickening rows rovodyat cross cultivation thinning plants. These differences allow us to conclude that the proposed method for the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis of the proposed method with known technical solutions and a prototype shows that the proposed method is characterized by the presence of new technological methods - planting Jerusalem artichoke in ridges with wide spacing, when harvesting the seed fraction annually with a narrow tape is sent to the side with an offset of 30-40 cm and covered with soil, forming a swath, in the second and subsequent years in spring the field is up to seedlings, and then seedlings are cultivated with the tape application of mineral fertilizers on the sides of the row, while thickening the rows t transverse cultivation for thinning plants.

The presence of new technological methods and their combination with the known ones reduces labor costs, improves the quality of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation, which leads to an increase in the yield of green mass and tubers, and reduces sclerotinia diseases. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The drawing shows the profile of the field before harvesting by years of cultivation with an arrow indicating the direction of movement of the row with seed tubers.

The method is as follows. Jerusalem artichoke is placed in the feed crop rotation on the field from under perennial legume-cereal grasses. Jerusalem artichoke requires deep tillage. Autumn tillage is carried out with scoopers to a depth of 6-8 cm after harvesting the predecessor, and autumn plowing is carried out by plows with skimmers to a depth of the arable horizon - 25-30 cm. In spring, chaff are harrowed, and cultivation to a depth of 8-10-10 is carried out instead of harrowing. cm, which allows you to more fully maintain moisture reserves. At the onset of ripeness of the soil, the chills plow with simultaneous incorporation of organic and mineral fertilizers, if they were not applied in the fall. Organic fertilizers are applied before plowing in the amount of 40-80 t / ha, mineral fertilizers are applied in the amount of phosphorus 60-80, potassium fertilizers are 90-120 kg / ha of active substance, nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring at a dose of 60-80 kg / ha. When a high dose of organic fertilizers is added to the Jerusalem artichoke in the year of planting, organic fertilizers do not contribute to the second and subsequent years.

For planting, tubers with a size of 30-50 g are used. Planting is carried out in the fall before winter or early spring. The best planting depth in spring is 5-8 cm; when planting in winter, the planting depth is increased to 10-12 cm. The optimal plant density is about 20-25 thousand per hectare. Jerusalem artichoke is planted with a potato planter with a row spacing of 140 cm and the closure of tubers with disk zagortachami with the formation of voluminous ridges. After planting, in the spring-summer period, after 10-15 days, a continuous pre-emergence harrowing is carried out to destroy weed seedlings, the emergence of weeds is monitored and, depending on their type and quantity, as well as at Jerusalem artichoke tops to 15 cm high, mechanical inter-row cultivation is carried out using row crops cultivators with the formation of volume ridges. The second inter-row processing or hilling of plants at a height of up to 25-30 cm is carried out depending on the condition of weeds and soil moisture 15-20 days after the first.

When the tops of Jerusalem artichoke grow and the rows are closed, inter-row treatments are not carried out. In late September - early October, 2-3 weeks before harvesting the tubers, the tops are harvested by forage harvesters, placing the harvester wheels along the tractor rut, and the vehicle, the row tractor with tractor 1PTS-2H, moves next to the forage harvester.

Jerusalem artichoke tubers are harvested with a single-row L-601 potato harvester or a converted double-row E-686 or UKK-2 with the placement of the combine wheels in a rut after a tractor passes, and the vehicle for collecting tubers is a 1PTS-2N uniaxial tractor trolley in an aggregate with an MTZ tractor located next to with the harvester, also with the placement of the wheels on the track of the tractor, which reduces damage to the tuber nest. Large and medium fractions are collected in the bunker of the combine, and the seed is left on the field, which, using rod reflectors installed under the rear conveyor, is sent annually with a narrow tape with a shift of 30-40 cm to the right in the groove and covered with soil 10-12 cm with the help of disk shorting, forming a roll. Moving the row to a new location contributes to the healing of plants from disease damage, including sclerotinia. Jerusalem artichoke tubers covered with soil in the felling overwinter until next spring. The next second year, before germination of Jerusalem artichoke plants, cultivation is carried out with harrowing the roll to close moisture and control weeds. After the emergence of seedlings, inter-row cultivating is carried out by the cultivator with the formation of volume ridges with the introduction of tape along the sides of a row of mineral fertilizers. When the rows are thickened, the plants are bouquets or transverse cultivation with the arrangement of the working bodies for thinning and creating plant densities of 20-25 thousand per hectare and compact tuberous nests.

Sources of information

1. G.V. Ustimenko. Earth pear. Moscow, 1960, p. 63-76.

2. V.N. Zelenkov et al. Jerusalem artichoke (earthen pear) - a promising multi-purpose culture. Scientific and technological company "Afis". Novosibirsk, 1988, with. 12.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn pre-planting tillage, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, planting seed tubers, inter-row cultivation and harvesting, characterized in that planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in ridges, tops they are mowed for forage 2-3 weeks before harvesting tubers, when harvesting, large and medium fractions are collected, and the seed fraction is annually sent with a narrow ribbon to the side with a shift of 30-40 cm and covered with soil by 10-12 cm, forming a roll, on Torah and the following years, in the spring field before the germination of seedlings and then cultured with band application of fertilizer on the sides of the row, for thickening is carried out transverse rows cultivation thinning plants.