RU2455813C1 - Methods of cultivation of girasol - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivation of girasol, and can be used on medium and heavy-textured soils. The method includes autumn pre-sowing tillage, fertilising, cutting beds, planting tubers. Planting of tubers can be carried out in autumn or spring. Then the spring and summer inter-row processing is carried-out, as well as mowing of stalks for fodder, and harvesting the tubers. Pre-sowing tillage is carried out by cutting the beds of width of 150-180 cm with enclosures of width-fold of the bed, 9.0 (18.0) or 10.8 (21.6) m. Intervals between enclosures are 3.0 or 3.6 m. Planting is carried out in beds, the distance between rows is 45-90 cm. They are cultivated with ridge cultivator. In case of necessity the herbage is mowed for fodder; the stems height is 60-70 cm. Before harvesting a second mowing of herbage is carried out by mower with collecting and transporting it to the hopper of the vehicle.

EFFECT: method enables to improve the growing conditions of girasol and to reduce damage of tubers during harvesting.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, and can be used on medium and heavy soils.

A known method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant planting with organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, spring loosening of soil, with restoration of ridges, planting tubers in ridges, harrowing to seedlings and seedlings, row cultivating cultivators, hilling, harvesting green mass, harvesting tubers with a combine / 1 /.

A known method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant planting, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, planting seed tubers, row-spacings, mowing stems for fodder and harvesting / 2 /.

The disadvantages of the known methods is damage to the tuberous nest by the wheels of the aggregates when harvesting green mass.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve growing conditions, reduce damage during harvesting, reduce labor costs by creating a three-dimensional profile of ridges.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant planting of the soil, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, planting seed tubers in autumn or spring, spring-summer row cultivations, mowing stems for fodder and harvesting tubers; in this case, pre-planting tillage is carried out by cutting ridges 150 or 180 cm wide with corrals wide, multiple of the width of ridges, 9.0 (18.0) or 10.8 (21.6) m, and technological gaps between corrals 3.0 wide or 3.6 m, planting is carried out in ridges with a distance between rows of 45-90 cm, care is carried out by a ridger cultivator, green mass, if necessary, is mowed for forage at a height of its stems 60-70 cm, and before harvesting tubers a second mowing is carried out with a harvester green mass and transporting it to the side in the hopper of the vehicle, Assumption on the technology gap.

Distinctive features of the proposed method is that pre-planting tillage is carried out by cutting ridges 150 or 180 cm wide with corrals wide, multiple of the width of ridges, 9.0 (18.0) or 10.8 (21.6) m and technological intervals between pens with a width of 3.0 or 3.6 m, planting is carried out in ridges with a row spacing of 45-90 cm, care is carried out with a ridger cultivator, green mass, if necessary, is mowed for forage at a height of its stems 60-70 cm, and before harvesting tubers second mowing with the collection of green mass and transport Niemi her aside in the vehicle tank, located on the technological gap.

These differences allow us to conclude that the proposed method for the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis with known technical solutions and a prototype shows that the proposed method is characterized by the presence of new technological methods - pre-planting soil cultivation is carried out by cutting ridges with a width of 150 or 180 cm with corrals with a width multiple of the width of the ridges, 9.0 (18.0) or 10 , 8 (21.6) m and technological intervals between corrals 3.0 or 3.6 m wide, planting is carried out in ridges with a row spacing of 45-90 cm, care is carried out by a ridged cultivator, green mass, if necessary, is mowed for forage at height her stems are 60-70 cm, and before harvesting the tubers, a second mowing of the green mass is carried out by a mower with collecting and transporting it to the side in the hopper of the vehicle located on the technological gap.

The presence of new techniques and their combination with the known ones allows to reduce labor costs, improve the quality of cultivated Jerusalem artichoke, which leads to an increase in the yield of green mass and tubers. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The method is as follows.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the pen, a top view; figure 2 is a sectional view of the ridge, where 1 is the ridge; 2 - paddock; 3 - technological gap for vehicles; 4 - self-propelled four- or six-row field shredder with corn attachment; 5 - vehicle.

Jerusalem artichoke is placed in a feed crop rotation. In autumn, pre-planting soil cultivation is carried out with the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting of the volume profile of ridges 1 with a width of 150 or 180 cm with corrals with a width, a multiple of the width of the ridges, 9.0 (18.0) or 10.8 (21.6) m. Between pens leave technological gaps 3 3.0 or 3.6 m wide without chopped ridges.

Planting is carried out by a potato planter in autumn or spring, in volumetric ridges 1 with a row spacing of 45-90 cm. Jerusalem artichoke tubers with a round shape of 30-50 mm are used for planting. The best planting depth in spring is 5-8 cm, and when planting before winter, the planting depth is increased to 10-12 cm. The optimal plant density is about 20-35 thousand tubers per hectare. The tubers are arranged in rows in a checkerboard pattern with the distance between the tubers in a row of 45-90 cm. The tubers are closed with disk zagaccato with the formation of volume ridges 1. In the spring-summer period, 10-12 days after planting, the ridges are treated with a 1 row cultivator with profile harrows for continuous pre-emergence harrowing and weed control in the “white thread” stage, then 10-12 days after emergence of Jerusalem artichoke, a second cultivation of the ridges 1 is carried out with a cultivator with loosening the soil, leaving a protective zone of 10-12 cm from centers of rows with Jerusalem artichoke plants.

When the green mass grows to a height of its stems 60-70 cm, if necessary, it is mowed by a self-propelled four- or six-row field grinder with a corn attachment 4, crushed and sent to the hopper of the vehicle 5, located on the technological gap 3 between the pens, for transportation to a livestock farm in feed quality.

With the growth of Jerusalem artichoke stalks in late September - early October, before harvesting the tubers, a second mowing is carried out - Jerusalem artichoke stalks are harvested for fodder (silage).

Before harvesting, the adjacent rows are cleaned with a digger and stacked on uncleaned rows, and then the harvester cleans the uncleaned rows, while tubers of large and medium fractions are collected in the potato harvester hopper, and seed tubers are collected for use on seeds or laid in ridges formed by the combine for next year.

Information sources

1. V.N. Zelenkov, N.V. Kochnev, T.V. Shelkova. Jerusalem artichoke (Earthen pear) is a promising multi-purpose culture. Scientific and technological company "Aris". Novosibirsk - 1988. - Page 12.

2. The method of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke. Application No. 2003116823/12 (017817), Patent No. 2250585. Starovoitov V.I., Chernikov V.I., Starovoitova M.V., Rytchenko V.V., Hoves V.V. (Prototype).

Claims (2)

1. A method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant planting, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, planting seed tubers in autumn or spring, spring-summer row cultivating, mowing stems for fodder and harvesting tubers, characterized in that the planting is preplanted by cutting ridges 150 or 180 cm wide with corrals multiple of the width of ridges, 9.0 (18.0) or 10.8 (21.6) m, and technological gaps between corrals 3.0 or 3.6 m wide, landing spend in ridges with a distance between rows of 45-90 cm, care is carried out by a ridged cultivator, the green mass, if necessary, is mowed for forage at a height of its stems 60-70 cm, and before harvesting the tubers, a second mowing is carried out with a mower to collect green mass and transport it to the side in the hopper of the vehicle, located on the technological gap. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before harvesting the adjacent rows are removed with a digger and stacked on uncleaned rows, and then the rows are harvested with the harvester, while tubers of large and medium fractions are collected in the bunker of the potato harvester, and seed tuber harvested for use on seeds or laid in ridges formed by the combine for the next year.

Images