RU2020782C1 - Buckwheat growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves the following presowing soil treatment: topsoil ripping as deep as 14-16 cm, making the seedbed 1.5-2.0 cm thick, and making a moderately compact underlying layer of soil 11-13 cm thick. The crop is sown with raw spacings of 30 cm, and the depth of seed placement is 14-16 cm. The under-seed furrows are 8-10 cm deep. As the crop is 10-15 cm in height, the field is cross-harrowed with pushing the ridge soil into furrows, bending the plants down, and earthing the lower parts of stalks. EFFECT: improved growing conditions. 2 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the cultivation of buckwheat.

 A known method of growing buckwheat with sowing seeds in an ordinary way and a seed embedment depth of 5-6 cm

 However, the distance between rows of 15 cm does not allow weed control and top dressing of plants, and the small depth of seeding does not provide plants with the necessary moisture, especially in areas with low rainfall. In the end, yields with this method of cultivation are low.

 There is a known method of growing buckwheat, adopted as a prototype, with row spacing of 45 cm, sowing seeds to a depth of 5-6 cm and subsequent care of the plants — two row-row cultivations with top dressing and simultaneous cultivation. The method provides an increase of up to 0.4 tons of grain per hectare to the crop.

 The disadvantage of this method is that it leads to the thickening of plants in a row with an optimal seeding rate or insufficient stem when thinning in a row. Inter-row treatments require a loop of special machines (tractors, cultivators) and significantly more skilled labor. In dry weather, additional loosening increases the drying out of the soil, and hilling does not lead to the formation of stem roots in plants.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of buckwheat by improving the use of soil moisture and nutrients by plants by developing a powerful root system of plants, creating a favorable water-air-physical regime for them and increasing leaf supply.

 To do this, in the method of cultivating buckwheat, pre-sowing cultivation of the soil is carried out, aimed at the destruction of weeds and the creation of a structural soil layer of the following composition: the upper loose soil layer is 14-16 cm thick, under it is the seed bed 1.5-2.0 cm thick, and under the last is a moderately compacted layer with a thickness of, for example, 11-13 cm. This is achieved by performing at least two intermediate cultivations to a depth of 8-10 cm and 6-8 cm and cultivating before sowing seeds to a depth of 14-16 cm. Sowing of seeds is carried out with aisles 30 cm, seeds close up deep well, 14-16 cm, and the soil is compacted in the area above the seeds with the formation of grooves with a depth of 8-10 cm, and when the plants reach a height of 10-15 cm, harrowing is carried out across the sowing with falling grooves for hilling plants, which activates the development of the secondary and stem growth root systems.

 The proposed method of buckwheat cultivation provides a high - up to 35% yield increase due to the formation of a powerful root system with an increase in root length by 43.1% and a branching radius by 58.0%, an increase in the aerial part of plants by 22.9%, leaf supply by 37, 6% and moisture retention in the soil even in dry weather.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the optimal addition of the arable layer of soil before sowing buckwheat; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of optimal addition of the arable layer of buckwheat inoculation in FIG. 3 is a diagram of the formation of the secondary and stem root systems of plants; in FIG. 4 - directly sowing buckwheat according to the claimed method; in FIG. 5 - care of plants - harrowing for the purpose of "hilling" and destruction of weeds; in FIG. 6 - general view of buckwheat plants in the flowering phase: a - with the usual method of sowing, b - with the proposed method of sowing; in FIG. 7 - the root system of plants: a - with the usual method of sowing, b - with the proposed method of sowing.

 During 1989-1991 field trials of the proposed method for cultivating buckwheat were conducted in the central experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the SB RAS on an area of 14 hectares. The control was a method of growing buckwheat with sowing in an ordinary way, with row spacing of 15 cm and a seed placement depth of 5-6 cm.

 The proposed method was carried out as follows.

 After the spring moisture nailing, two intermediate cultivations were carried out to a depth of 8-10 and 6-8 cm, and before sowing, soil cultivation was carried out to a depth of 14-16 cm by the OP-8 cultivator. Thus, a structural soil layer of the following composition was created (Fig. 1): 1 - upper loose layer 14-16 cm thick, 2 - seed bed 1.5-2.0 cm thick, 3 - moderately dense layer, for example, 11 -13 cm

 To create the structural layer of the soil of the above composition used the existing agricultural equipment of serial production.

 Sowing of buckwheat seeds is carried out by the converted SZP-3.6 seeder, in which half of the disk coulters (through one) and the corresponding number of disks in the press sections were removed. Instead of the removed disks, bushings were installed in the press section. In this case, the row spacing was 30 cm.

 By reducing the seeder support area by half, it is possible to increase the seed placement depth in a specially prepared field to 14-16 cm, put the seeds on the densified bed and strengthen the sealing effect of the remaining press sections in the seed location zone with the formation of grooves 8-10 cm deep. As a result, the seeds buckwheat was in the kidney with favorable water-air-physical conditions at a depth of 5-6 cm from the bottom of the groove (Fig. 2 and 4).

 Shoots appeared on the 5-6th day after sowing, i.e., as when sowing by known methods, but more friendly and strong.

 The proposed method allows to create a more optimal nutritional area and illumination of plants, as well as save 20-30 kg / ha of seeds compared to ordinary sowing. When the plants reached a height of 10-15 cm, harrowing was carried out transverse to the sowing, while the soil of the ridges shifted to the groove, the plants were bent and the lower part of the stem "spud" (Fig. 5). This agricultural method leads to increased development of the secondary and growth of the stem root system, as well as to the destruction of up to 65% of annual weeds (Figs. 3 and 7).

 With the proposed method of cultivation, buckwheat plants are more powerful, with additional branches and inflorescences, although almost the same height as plants grown according to the prototype (Fig. 6).

 The test results of the proposed method of cultivation are shown in the table.

 The information given in the table indicates that the plants grown by the present method have a powerful root system: the root length is 13.6 cm, the branching radius is 4.9 cm. The corresponding indicators for plants grown by the control method are 9.5 cm and 3.1 cm (Fig. 7). The aerial mass of one plant grown by the claimed method is 22.9% more, leaf supply is 37.6%, on average 61.5 grains are formed on it, and 47.3 grains on the control plant. The weight of 1000 grains differs slightly, but in general, the yield is higher by 34.6%.

 The proposed method of cultivation is particularly effective in areas of insufficient and unstable moisture. It allows you to plant seeds in a more moist soil layer, provides friendly and strong seedlings, weed control, improves the water regime, especially in the initial period of the growing season, since even with a small amount of precipitation, the water rolls into grooves, moistening the plant root formation zone.

 The advantage of the proposed method lies in the fact that soil preparation, sowing and "hilling" buckwheat plants for the development of the subordinate root system and weed control are carried out without row-to-row treatments, does not require special machines and additional costs.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD OF CULTIVATION OF BUCKWHEAT, including soil preparation, sowing seeds and caring for plants, characterized in that during pre-sowing treatment they create a structural soil layer of the following composition: the upper loose soil layer is 14 - 16 cm thick, under it a seed bed 1.5 - 2.0 cm, and under the seed bed a moderately compacted layer with a thickness of, for example, 11 - 13 cm, the seeds are sown when sowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, and in the area above the seeds the soil is compacted with the formation of grooves with a depth of 8 - 10 cm, and when the plants reach a height of 10 - 15 cm harrow across crops.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural layer of the soil is created, for example, by performing at least two intermediate cultivations to a depth of 8-10 and 6-8 cm and cultivating before sowing to a depth of 14-16 cm.

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