SU1454274A1 - Method of tilling soil - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to agriculture. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield by improving. CONDITIONS of moistening of an arable layer of a soil during the vegetative period. The method includes forming ridges on the surface of the plow sole from the pachotal layer. The ridges are formed from non-loosened soil together with the subsoil horizon below the level of the seed of the sowed crop in the direction of its row at a distance from each other equal to 1-2 widths not between the crops. 7 il.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in agriculture.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield by improving the moisture conditions of the arable layer of the soil during the growing season.

Approx. After harvesting a predominant grain crop cultivated in the field, stubble is peeled off to a depth of 6-8 cm. 10-15 days after weed germination, a harrowed floor is cultivated to a depth of 6-8 cm with simultaneous loosening of the arable layer of soil to a depth of 22 -25 cm. With non-loosened strips in it in the form of ridges at a depth of 6–8 cm from the surface. The ridges form on pact one from another, equal, for example, to one width between each other. field of grain crops. So, when sowing grains

crops, the distance between the tops of the ridges is 15 cm, when sowing corn 70–90 cm. The dihedral angle at the top of the ridge is set to 50–90 ° and is taken depending on the width between the rows and the depth of the soil between the ridges. . With narrow aisles and deep processing, it is set smaller; 10 with wide aisles between x — more.

Fig. 1 shows schematically (in profile) the cultivator paw, with the help of which the arable layer of the soil is loosened and the ridges are formed in it; FIG. 2, a soil treatment process according to the proposed method; Fig. 3-4 shows the location of the root system of plants and the distance between ridges equal to one width between the rows; Fig. 5 shows the same, with the distance between the ridges equal to two widths of the rows; on gfigchb - the same, with a distance of -.0.5

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irins between rows; Fig. 7 shows the same, at a distance equal to 2.5 times the width between the rows of the crop.

The cultivator paw 1 with stand 2, used to loosen the soil 3 and form the ridges 4, is equipped with loosening knives 5. When the ultivato1 paw 1 moves along the paddock under the previously bursting soil 6 IQ, its cutting knives 5 are produced, successively; The neck cut and loosening of the soil 3 leaving it in place and the formation of ridges 4 at that. When the cultivator paw is widespread, for example, 45 cm and the width between rows of the crop being harvested c. 15 cm on this. The paw has three sections of loosening knives 5. On the field treated this way in winter, early spring harrowing is performed in order to close the moisture, pre-sowing cultivation and sowing of seeds 7 with the rows seeding in the direction of the ridges. The proposed method can be used to cultivate the soil for sowing most of the predominantly flat, grain crops (wheat, millet, corn, etc.). At the same time, the sown seeds are located in the central zone of the loose bands between the ridges 4 (Fig. 3), above the tops of the ridges 4 of Fig. 4) or on some. distance from peaks: ridges (figure 5). In this case, the root system 8 cultivated - gg vaemk plants 9, developed in the loosened soil layer 3, after some time reaches the surfaces of the ridges 4, they penetrate and penetrate. deep into the ridges, using moisture and nutrients of the soil ridges.

As can be seen from Figures 3-5, at a distance between the ridges of 1-2 widths between the rows, the root system 8 of each row of plants 9 has contact with the slopes of the ridges 4, occupying their entire surface from the top to the base.

With the distance between the ridges lying on the limits of 1-2 widths, the efficiency of the use of the ridges decreases sharply (Figures 6 and 7). Thus, when ridges are formed from each other, at a distance equal to 0.5 width between the rows (Fig. 6), with the same dihedral angle at the top of the ridge, which is specified when ridges are formed at a distance equal to 1-2 plirin between

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(e.g. at 60 °) the ridge height sharply decreases (ridges are shown by dotted lines). When the dihedral angle is reduced at the top of the ridge in the arable layer, inaccessible to plant roots zones 10 of loose soil are cut off by ridges 4. When ridges are formed, they are 2.5 wide apart between each other (Fig.7) The root system of individual rows of plants 11, located in the central zone of loosened soil 3 between the ridges, is prevented from contact with the slopes of the ridges 4, as they are occupied by the root system of adjacent plants located closer to the ridges.

From the specified interval between the ridges of 1-2 widths between the aisles, the distance in one aisle is most appropriate to use in the zone of insufficient moisture with 5 average annual precipitation

in 300-400 mm. In this case, the root system of the plants of each row has contact with both side walls of the ridge, which ensures the provision. plant moisture. The spacing between the two can be used in the zone of moderate moisture with an average annual precipitation of 450-550 mm. The root system of the plants has contact with one of the side walls of the ridges, which also improves the moisture supply of the plants. A distance of 1.5 times the width between the spaces can be used mostly in the zone of moderate moisture since the root system of plants in this case has contact with only one of the side walls of the ridge.

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formula of the invention. The method of tillage, including the formation on the surface of the plow base of the ridges of the arable layer, characterized in that

50 to increase yields by

Improving the wetting conditions of the arable layer of the soil during the growing season; the ridges are formed from non-loosened monolithic soil along with the subsoil

55 horizon below the level of the seed of the sowed crop in the direction of the location of its row at a distance from each other, equal to the D-2 width between the crop.

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Claims (1)

Claim A method of cultivating the soil, including forming ridges from the arable layer on the surface of the plow sole, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity by improving the moistening conditions of the arable layer of the soil during the growing season, ridges are formed from non-loosened monolithic soil merged with a subsurface horizon below the level of seed placement sown culture in the direction of the arrangement of its rows at a distance from each other, equal to 1-2 the width of the aisle of this culture. I 454274 Fig. C Fig. 4 Fig. L