RU2192110C2 - Kidney beans sowing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming 8-10 cm height ridges above beds and simultaneously embedding seeds by means of combined unit; cutting off 3-5 cm thick layer from ridges top part upon sprouting of kidney bean seeds. EFFECT: reduced weedage of young crops and increased yield due to providing simultaneous germination and maturing of full-value plants. 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used in the cultivation of late-sown crops (beans, soybeans, buckwheat), bearing on the surface of the cotyledon.

 In agricultural practice, a method of cultivating beans is known, in which it is recommended to sow the seeds with a beet seeder having keeled openers. However, as observations have shown, when using this machine, the fullness of seedlings is not always ensured. Sometimes it is only 60-65%. This happens due to the strong compaction of the soil by the wheels (rollers) of the sowing sections, which makes it difficult for cotyledons to reach the surface, especially in the case of crust formation.

 Sowing beans with SZ-3.6 grain seeder and СО-4.2 vegetable seeder with disc coulters is also unreliable due to the placement of seeds in the surface (3-5 cm), quickly drying up soil layers, where moisture is often not enough for swelling and seed germination .

 There is a method of weed control in the protective zone of rows of row crops according to ed. St. 1436903, A 01 B 79/00, 1985, which provides for the creation of soil layers above rows of sown seeds within three days after sowing during pre-emergence inter-row cultivation, followed by cutting and moving these layers into the aisles when peeling seeds of cultivated plants. The method is recommended for all row crops.

 However, for beans as a crop with a late sowing period, this method is unacceptable in terms of sowing operations. Firstly, due to the time gap between sowing and the formation of protective soil layers, which leads to the drying of the sowing layer of arable land. Secondly, the period from sowing to the emergence of seedlings at beans with optimal sowing dates is very short, only 5-6 days, therefore, even with good moisture in the soil, the formation of protective layers over the sown seeds for 3 days, followed by cutting them after 2-3 days loses all meaning and leads to excessive tension in the work, and in case of inclement weather - to failures. Thirdly, the method involves cutting guide slots in the field before sowing or when sowing the crop and using special tools in connection with this, which makes the sowing work more expensive and complicated.

 Closest to the technical solution to the claimed method is a method of cultivating vegetable crops and fodder root crops on the ridges according to the patent 2001543, A 01 C 7/00, 1990, which consists in sowing along the ridges, and when the seeds of cultivated plants are nibbled, the upper crop is cut part of the ridge 2 cm deep.

 The disadvantage of this method is that sowing along the ridges leads to their partial destruction by the coulters of the seeder and, since the ridges are formed from the upper dry layers of the soil, for legumes, which include beans, requiring more than 100% of their mass for swelling of seeds, water the regime may not be favorable with this method of sowing. Cutting the soil layer is done by harrowing, which in our case is also unacceptable, since it is necessary to remove the soil layer up to 5 cm, which the harrows cannot provide.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity by obtaining smooth, friendly seedlings of high completeness and reduce weediness of crops.

 The proposed method for sowing beans involves the formation of ridges above rows with a height of 8-10 cm simultaneously with the incorporation of seeds into the soil. When nibbling seeds, the upper part of the ridges with a height of 3-5 cm is cut off and moved to the aisles.

 Example. Beans were sown in a wide-row way with a row-spacing of 45 cm to a depth of 3-5 cm with a C3-3.6 seeder equipped with eight disc coulters and nine ridgers installed 45 cm apart. At the same time, podoccupation and formation of ridges 8-10 cm high above the seeds in rows was performed. The ridges protected the soil in the zone of seeds from adverse environmental factors - drying of the sowing layer of the soil, the formation of soil crust. When bean seeds were nibbled with USMK-5.4 cultivators with nibblers, ridges tops were removed to a depth of 2-5 cm with soil moving between rows. In the row zone, loose, weed-free soil was exposed; the conditions for the formation of crop seedlings were optimal. At the same time, the tractor wheels moved along the bottom of the furrows in a fixed manner, which clearly ensured the function of hillers to cut ridges. The sowing scheme is shown in the drawing.

 As a result, the fullness of seedlings reached 90% or more. The weediness decreased by 50%, the yield increase was 2.6 c / ha. (tab.). An important advantage of the proposed method of sowing is that the operation of sowing seeds, the formation of ridges is carried out by one combined unit, thereby reducing the number of passes of the tractor wheels across the field, which leads to the preservation of loose, structural state of the soil, reducing moisture loss from the soil, saving energy costs by 50%, increase the accuracy of agricultural practices.

Claims (1)

 A method of sowing beans, including seeding seeds in the soil and forming ridges above the rows, characterized in that the ridges 8-10 cm high are formed at the same time as the seeds are planted in the soil with one aggregate, and when the seeds are nibbled, the upper part of the 3-5 cm tall ridges is cut and moved in the aisles.

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