RU1800942C - Method for cultivation of sugar beet - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: agriculture, sugar beet cultivation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: After autumn plowing, fertilizers are applied to a depth of 5-6 times the seed placement depth. Fertilizers are applied compactly in rows over which ridges are formed from the soil, at such a distance from each other that beet seeds will be sown in spring. In spring, the inter-ridge sections are loosened to the depth of fertilizer placement, and then the ridges are cut to a height of 3.0-3.5 cm, herbicides are applied to the place of cutting, the seeds of sugar beets are sown and planted, which appear above the row of fertilizers. 1 tablet, 3 ill.

Description

Joint venture

with

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to sugar beet production technology.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of sugar beets, reducing material and energy costs.

The goal is achieved in that, in the fall, against the background of a semi-steam or improved cultivation of the soil with a level surface, the fertilizers placed locally at intervals of a given inter-seed width are locally applied to the zone of greatest development of the plant root system, to a depth determined by the ratio

H (5 ... 6) h, where H is the depth of fertilizer application, cm;

h — seeding depth, cm;

with the simultaneous formation of ridges above the fertilizer strips, and in early spring, the ridges are exposed to a moist soil layer with a thickness equal to the depth of seed placement h relative to the level of the floor surface, with simultaneous strip application of herbicides on this layer and deep loosening of the soil in the middle of the inter-ridge intervals, followed by sowing beet seed and embedding them in the superficial moist soil layer h, remaining after exposure of the ridges.

Comparative analysis showed that, unlike the prototype, where mineral fertilizers are introduced by continuous spreading over the field for deep plowing, which leads to increased fertilizer consumption, intensive mixing and soil absorption, turning into a form inaccessible for assimilation by plants, claimed The method is characterized by local application of mineral fertilizers against the background of semi-steam or improved tillage with a level surface, the floor under the base and along the axis of the crests

with

ABOUT

oh oh

N y

with

the zone of the greatest development of the root system of plants, and the depth exceeding the depth of seeding by 5-6 times: H (5 ... 6) h.

In contrast to the known method, where separate technological operations are carried out in early spring: closing moisture, loosening, loosening the soil, continuous application of herbicides and their seeding, planting beets at an angle to the direction of plowing in the inventive method in early spring by directing the aggregate along the ridges - in one pass, the ridges are exposed to a moist soil layer with a thickness equal to the depth of seed placement relative to the level of the floor surface, with simultaneous strip application of herbicides on this layer and deep loosening of the soil in the middle of the child intervals.

In contrast to the known method, when sowing beets at an arbitrary angle to the direction of plowing in the inventive method, sowing beets is oriented along ridges with seed placement in the superficial moist soil layer h remaining after exposure of the ridges.

Thus, the claimed method meets the criterion of novelty.

A number of technical solutions are known in which, as in the claimed solution, mineral fertilizers are locally applied since autumn (AS No. 397144, class A 01 G 79/02) when loosening a narrow zone of the intercostal midline between depth h 40 cm.

In spring, in the middle of the rows, a second bed of fertilizers is introduced and they are covered with soil from the double-separated ridges, i.e., they form ridges in the former rows, which are the future rows for cultivating cotton.

A significant drawback of this method of soil cultivation is that it is aimed at cultivating a monoculture, that is, the same crop is cultivated on the same field every year, which leads to the formation of mycoflora in the soil, which contributes to plant infection by diseases damage to their pests and ultimately to a decrease in its productivity.

One of the drawbacks of this method is that when the ridges form in the spring from the dry soil of the former ridges, divided into half-ridges due to uprooting of stems in the fall, sowing of cotton seeds in the dry soil of the ridge occurs, which does not contribute to their early germination . In addition, in the newly formed ridges in the places of the former inter-rows, there is an artificial accumulation of soil mycoflora of the old ridges, which

contributes to the accelerated damage to seeds and plants by diseases and pests inherent in this culture.

Recommendations for the application of mineral fertilizers of the first Rus in the fall to a depth of 40 cm, and in the spring of the second Rus in the dry ridge during its formation do not promote the efficient use of fertilizers, and for sugar beets are generally unacceptable, since they are located much lower than the zone of greatest development of the root system of beet plants (Nadezhdin AM Ways to increase the efficiency of mineral fertilizers. - Agriculture, 1954, No. 9, pp. 85-92).

Thus, with the known method of growing beets in order to increase their productivity, local application of mineral fertilizers from the fall into the moist soil layer into the zone of greatest development of the root system of plants at the places of crest formation at intervals of a given inter-row width is not provided, while deep loosening is carried out simultaneously and sequentially in spring soil, strip application of herbicides, their incorporation, sowing of seeds into the moist superficial soil layer of exposed ridges, which is achieved in the claimed the person. This allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of significant differences.

Conducted experiments on the implementation of the invention showed the possibility of achieving a positive effect, expressed in increasing the productivity of sugar beets and saving material and energy resources from the exclusion of technological operations of early spring moisture closure, loosening, continuous application of herbicides, presowing cultivation.

Local application of fertilizers in the autumn with this method into the moist soil layer in the zone of intensive development of the plant root system to a depth exceeding the seed placement depth by 5-6 times, contributes to less mixing with a large soil volume, which reduces nutrient losses, increases their concentration in the zone accessible to plants and provides nutrition to plants practically during the growing season. In addition, the rate of fertilizer application and environmental pollution are reduced.

The formation of ridges in the intervals between the given inter-row widths in autumn promotes intensive moisture accumulation, and in spring, the soil ripens more quickly in the ridge zone and allows beet planting to be carried out earlier, without early spring moisture closing operations, loosening, continuous application of herbicides, and pre-sowing cultivation, which lengthens the growing season and undoubtedly increases the productivity of beets.

Deep pre-sowing loosening of the soil (16-20 cm) in the inter-ridge intervals with simultaneous exposure of ridges to a moist soil layer with a thickness equal to the depth of seed placement relative to the surface level of the floor, provides the creation of optimal water-air and temperature conditions for plant development, especially in the initial period growth, preventing the formation of soil crust, facilitates plant care operations.

The strip application of herbicides on the exposed soil layer of ridges with their simultaneous incorporation halves the consumption of drugs and reduces environmental pollution.

Sowing beet seeds into the exposed superficial moist soil layer of ridges with a thickness equal to the depth of seed placement promotes accelerated seed germination and further plant growth, shortening the period of access of the root system to the zone of accumulated nutrients of mineral fertilizers locally introduced in the fall, which has a positive effect on plant growth and increased beet productivity (see table).

Assessment of the significance of the difference in biological productivity of sugar beets in the proposed and conventional methods of cultivating sugar beets

Evaluation of the average values of the yield (see table) of the proposed and conventional methods for cultivating sugar beets by the criterion of Student's materiality t showed that the value is 9. This indicates, with a probability of 0.99, of a significant difference in beet yield (47 kg / ha) cultivated by the proposed and conventional methods.

JCpoMe further, the proposed method saves the reduced costs of excluding technological operations of early spring moisture closure, loosening, continuous application of herbicides and presowing cultivation.

The invention is illustrated in Figs. 1-3.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the local application of mineral fertilizers in the autumn with the simultaneous formation (cutting) of ridges at intervals of a given inter-row width; figure 2 presents

scheme of deep inter-ridge loosening of soil in early spring with simultaneous exposure of ridges, strip application of herbicides and their incorporation into the wet layer

soil; Fig. 3 shows a scheme for sowing beets along ridges m exposed to the moist soil layer.

The proposed method for cultivating sugar beets is carried out as follows.

In the fall, against the background of a semi-steam or improved tillage with a level surface, the floor (Fig. 1) by cultivator 1 (for example, KRP-5.4) in the aggregate with a tractor

5 2 (T-70C), equipped with special working bodies 3 for cutting ridges 4 and feeding device 5, are brought into the places of formation of ridges, in the zone of greatest development of the root system of plants to a depth of H 16-20 cm relative to the soil surface level 0- 0 mineral fertilizers 6, at intervals of a given inter-row width 7, with the simultaneous formation (cutting) of ridges 4 by working bodies 3 over the applied mineral fertilizers 6.

In early spring (Fig. 2), a cultivator, for example, KRP-5.4 or USMK-5.4V, equipped with special loosening organs 0 2 in the aggregate with a T-70C tractor, carries out inter-row loosening of the soil to a depth of 18-20 cm. At the same time, the strips are exposed 4, using the working bodies 5 to the moist soil layer h and the device 6 mounted on the cultivator 1, herbicides 7 are applied in stripes to the exposed soil layer of the crest 4.

Sowing beets (Fig.Z) is carried out with a selder 8 (for example, ССТ-12В) in aggregate with a tractor

0 T-70C along the axis of the exposed ridges 4 with a seed sowing rate of 3 8-10 pcs., Per 1 meter at a speed of 3.5-5.0 km / h.

Thus, the proposed method of cultivating sugar beets with local application of mineral fertilizers from autumn into the zone of greatest development of the root system of plants to a depth exceeding the seed placement depth by 5-6 times, with the formation (formation) above them

0 ridges, and in early spring, by carrying out inter-ridge deep loosening of the soil with sowing seeds into the moist layer of exposed ridges, it creates optimal conditions for the development and growth of beet plants during the growing season, which increases beet productivity by 40-50 kg / ha and reduces specific the costs of cultivating from the exclusion of operations of early spring moisture closure, loosening, continuous application of herbicides, pre-sowing cultivation in comparison with the known technology for cultivating sugar beets.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of cultivating sugar beets, including basic tillage, applying fertilizers, preparing the soil for sowing, sowing at a predetermined depth and planting seeds, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of sugar beets, reduce labor costs and the consumption of convenience rhenium, in the fall, after a semi-steam or improved tillage, the surface of the floor is leveled and fertilizers are applied row by row every future row of beets to a depth of five to six times the depth of seed placement, and ridges are formed over each row of fertilizers, then in spring inter-ridge loosening of the soil to a depth of 18-20 cm is carried out, ridges are cut to a height of 3.0-3.5 cm, herbicides are introduced into the place of cut, and sugar beet seeds are sown over fertilizer rows. t g t T AND