RU2765576C1 - Method for sowing seeds of cultivated crops and apparatus for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for sowing seeds of cultivated crops and agricultural machinery, in particular, to seeding apparatuses usable for sowing seeds of cultivated crops with seeders primarily for soy, buckwheat, panicgrass, beans, medick, amaranth. The method for sowing seeds of cultivated crops includes sowing seeds into the soil in a single stream into the central row at an equal interval and in the extreme rows of the strip by creating additional seed streams on both sides of the main stream. Seeds are sown at an angle to the main stream, placed at equal intervals and with different rolling in the strip relative to the axis of the extreme dotted row. In the extreme dotted rows of the strip, large fraction seeds are placed in the strip closer to the central dotted row. Small fraction seeds are placed in the strip further from the central dotted row. The apparatus for implementing the method for sowing seeds of cultivated crops is executed by a seeding apparatus for sowing seeds of different fractions, consisting of a hopper, a body with a seeding drum placed therein, composed of disks with cells for seeds, a roller excess seed reflector, and seed ejectors installed in the lower part of the apparatus in the grooves of the cells. Cells of the central disk are therein made at right angle to the axis of the drum, and cells in the extreme disks of the seeding drum are made at an acute angle α to the vertical diameter of the seeding drum with the direction of the additional flows toward the central disk.

EFFECT: invention allows for an increase in the yield of cultivated agricultural crops.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for sowing seeds of row crops and agricultural engineering, in particular to sowing machines that can be used for sowing seeds of row crops with seeders, mainly soybeans, buckwheat, millet, beans, alfalfa, amaranth.

Known dotted method of sowing seeds of row crops: sugar, table and fodder beets, soybeans, beans, millet, buckwheat, which can be carried out with a beet seeder SST-12B [Buryakov Yu.P. Industrial technology of soybean production. - M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985. - S. 61-97]. Before sowing, it is necessary to install an appropriate device on the seeder, for example, for sowing soybeans, the device STYA 31.000 -8A, SST-8 B. Passport. Kirovograd, - 1983. - 15 p.].

With dotted sowing of soybeans, a more uniform placement of plants, compared to row and band crops, has a positive effect. Uniform placement of plants contributes to their better nutrition and illumination, and to the same extent for all plants. Yield increase in dotted crops is obtained by increasing the weight of 1000 grains and additional beans from the side branches. In this case, the side branches are a fairly productive part of the soybean plant.

Conducted research work has shown that when sowing soybean seeds sorted according to the manufacturer's recommendations, the sowing machine of the SST-12B seeder equipped with a serial device STYA 31.000 does not meet the agrotechnical requirements in terms of quality.

Soybean seed size has an impact on soybean yield. I.K. Chekhov proposed to divide soybean seeds on sieves before sowing into fractions: large - 7.5 ... 7.0 mm, medium - 7.0 ... 6.3 mm, small - 6.3 ... 4.5 mm. [Chekhov I.K. Influence of grain size and density of soybean seeds on their sowing qualities and productivity // Sib. Bulletin with. -X. Sciences. - 1979, No. 6. - S.69-73].

It was proposed to divide soybean seeds into fractions of 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8 mm. One seed should be placed in the cell of the sowing disc. In addition, the seed placement depth depends on the size of the seed. [Lipin, V.D. Substantiation of the parameters and improvement of the vertical-disk device for sowing seeds of soybeans: abstract of the thesis. dis…. cand. tech. Sciences / V.D. Liping. - M., 1993.- 16 p.].

However, when sowing with the SST-12B seeder equipped with the STYA 31.000 device, it is necessary to sort soybean seeds into fractions of 6 ... 8 mm. [Adapter for sowing seeds of soybean STYA 31.000 for beet seeders of the type 2STSN - 6A, SST - 12A, SST - 12B, SST - 12 V, SST - 8A, SST - 8 V. Passport. - Kirovograd, 1983. - 15 p.] .

When sowing soybean with the SST-12B seeder equipped with the STYA 31.000 device according to the manufacturer's recommendations, soybean seeds sorted into fractions of 6 ... 8 mm do not meet the agrotechnical requirements.

For dotted sowing of soybean seeds of fractions 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8 mm, sowing machines are known, in which it is possible to change the size of the cells of the sowing disc [RF Patent No. 2041590. IPC А01С7/04 Seeding disc, Appl. 04/14/1992, publ. 08/20/1995. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2182755 MPK A01 7/04 Seeding apparatus, Appl. 11/26/1997. publ. 08/10/1999 Bull. No. 15, etc.] and justified the design parameters of the vertical disk apparatus [Lipin, V.D. Substantiation of the parameters and improvement of the vertical-disk apparatus for sowing seeds of soybeans: auto-ref. dis…. cand. tech. Sciences / V.D. Liping. - M., 1993. - 16 p.].

When conducting field tests of the SST-12B seeder equipped with experimental sowing machines, shortcomings were revealed when sowing soybean seeds with dotted lines. Dotted crops show low bottom bean placement leading to harvest losses even though the combine header was set to low cut.

A known method of sowing soybeans, which allows to reduce losses during harvesting due to the higher placement of beans on the plant. To do this, the row method of sowing soybeans is carried out by sowing seeds into the soil in several pieces in separate nests at an equal interval.

To prevent losses during soybean harvesting by creating conditions for a higher placement of lower beans on a soybean plant, it was proposed to sow soybeans into the soil in separate groups, that is, several pieces (2 ... 5) at an equal interval [RF Patent No. , dec. 07/16/1992, publ. 08/27/1995 Bull. No. 24].

The known method of sowing is carried out by a sowing machine containing a hopper, a reflective roller, in a housing, an installed sowing disc, consisting of a base, rings made in the form of parts that are integral along the axis of the cells, and adjusting plates. On the cylindrical part of the base and on the rings in contact with the base, containing parts that are integral along the axis of the cells, on the adjusting plates, through half-holes are made along the circumference of the end surface with a step

T _p \u003d T _o -H + C,

where T _p - variable pitch between the centers of half-holes; T _about - the largest step between the centers of half-holes;

Η is a natural number;

C is a constant number.

[A.s. 1831987, class. А01С 7/04, B.I. No. 29, 1993].

For sowing seeds with different placement of seeds in the furrow: dotted, row, dotted-nested with a different number of seeds in the nest, the design of the sowing disc allows you to shift the rings with cells made in the form of parts that are composite along the axis of the cells relative to each other, i.e. shift the cells of one row of rings relative to another.

However, the design of the sowing unit allows you to create one sowing stream and place the seeds in one dotted line, and in the dotted line one seed or separate nests with an equal interval

The known method of sowing soybean seeds is carried out by a device for nested sowing of seeds, made in the form of a set of disks with cells placed on a cylindrical surface and with the possibility of displacing the disks around the horizontal axis by a given angle and fixing the disks with through holes on the end surface. Trapezoidal grooves are made above the cells of the disks, on the end surface of the stationary cylindrical disk there are round through holes with a uniform circumferential pitch, and on the end surface of the movable cylindrical discs, elongated through holes with a width equal to the diameter of the round holes are made with a uniform circumferential pitch. [RF Patent No. 2685733 IPC A01C 7/04, Appl. 02/14/2018, publ. 04/23/2019 Bull. #12]

The number of seeds in the nest depends on the soil and climatic zones of soybean cultivation. Our results are confirmed by the results of research by Khairullina S.G., who notes that when sowing three seeds per nest, the height of attachment of the lower beans on the plants of the experimental plot was from 14 to 17 cm, and on the control plot from 8 to 12 cm. beans on a soybean plant leads to a decrease in losses during harvesting [Khairullina S.G. Improvement of the sowing apparatus for sowing soybean seeds in nesting way: auto-ref. dis...cand. tech. Sciences / S.G. Khairullin. - Tambov, 2019. 16 p.].

However, on dotted sowings with the placement of one seed with an interval of 5 cm, as well as nesting, in which two or three seeds were sown in a nest with an equal interval between the nests, shortcomings were revealed.

When carrying out inter-row cultivation, it is necessary to leave protective zones 10-12 cm wide on each side of the dotted lines. This means that only 40-46% of the sowing area is processed in one pass of the tilled unit, and most of it remains inaccessible to the working bodies of the tilled cultivator. The dotted lines left without care within the protection zones represent a breeding ground for weeds that successfully compete with soybean plants. This leads to the suppression of soybean plants, insufficient lighting and a low degree of productive tillering.

With a decrease in the protective zones when the row unit is shifted to the side, the working bodies of the row cultivator allow the complete cutting of plants to the width of the unit, which leads to thinning of crops.

A known method of sowing seeds of tilled crops, including line sowing, which is carried out by a strip of dotted lines, and in the extreme lines, the seeds are placed with an offset relative to the axis of the line. [RF Patent No. 1676478 IPC A01C 7/04, Appl. 05/29/1989, publ. 09/15/1991 Bull. No. 34].

The well-known method of sowing makes it possible to more evenly distribute plants over the area of the field and create for each plant a uniform feeding area, illumination and a high degree of productive tillering. When placing plants in a row after 6-10 cm and the distance between dotted lines is 6-12 cm, the width of the strip with dotted lines is 18-30 cm, an increase in yield is possible.

The known method of sowing seeds of tilled crops can be carried out using a well-known sowing machine, containing a body, a sowing disc with cells installed in it, and an ejector located in the lower part of the machine in the groove of the disc. A V-shaped reflective plate is installed under the ejector with the possibility of changing the installation angle in the direction of movement and the angle of inclination of its walls to the vertical axis. [RF Patent No. 1777686 IPC A01C 7/04, Appl. 04/02/1990, publ. 11/30/1992 Bull. No. 44].

The known method of sowing seeds of row crops can be carried out with a sowing machine containing sowing discs consisting of a base and rings with cells for seeds, adjusting plates and spacer rings fixed on it with the possibility of removal. Seed ejectors are installed under the disc. Under the extreme seed ejectors, reflective plates are installed at an angle to the longitudinal and vertical axes of the apparatus with the possibility of changing the distance relative to the vertical axis. [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 1824044, IPC A01C 7/04, Appl. 07/09/1990, publ. 06/30/1993 Bull. No. 24].

Known sowing machines can sow seeds with an offset relative to the axis of the line. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the protective zones during inter-row cultivation of tilled crops.

However, the design of the sowing machines turned out to be unreasonably complex.

There is a method of sowing seeds and a device for its implementation, including sowing seeds into the soil in one stream in rows one by one or several pieces - separate nests at an equal interval. Seeding is carried out by creating additional seed flows on both sides of the main flow at an angle to the main flow with placement at regular intervals and with different rolling in the furrow relative to the axis of the extreme dotted line. [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2127032 IPC A01C 7/00, IPC A01C 7/04, Appl. 01/16/1997, publ. 03/10/1999].

The sowing method is carried out by a sowing machine containing a hopper. Roller-reflector, a cellular disk installed in the body, consisting of a base, rings made in the form of parts that are integral along the axis of the cells. The cells in the extreme rows of rings are made at an angle to the axis of the vertically mounted disk, and the seed ejectors in the extreme rows are installed at an angle to the axis of the cells of the central row of the sowing disk. [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2127032 IPC A01C 7/00, IPC A01C 7/04, Appl. 01/16/1997, publ. 03/10/1999].

The known method makes it possible to distribute the seeds evenly along the bottom of the furrow and create seed dispersion, i.e. sowing seeds not with one central flow, but with several. In addition to the central flow, two additional seed flows are created. Seeding of seeds is carried out by a strip. Center seeding creates a center dotted line in the strip. With additional flows directed away at an angle from the central flow, the seeds are sown in additional dotted lines. As a result, the seeds are sown in the furrow in three dotted lines.

Seeds are sown from the central row of cells under the action of a pusher, which is located in the lower part of the sowing machine in the disc groove along the cells made at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the disc. In this case, the seeds are sown in the central dotted line of the strip. Due to the spread of the linear dimensions of the seeds within the fraction, one part of the seeds is free in the cells, and the other part of the seeds is in a pinched state. Therefore, one part of the seeds from the cells of the central row (cells) is sown under its own weight, and the other part under the action of the ejector. Since the cells are made at right angles to the axis of the sowing disc, the seeds are sown in the furrow of the central line with rolling along the dotted line.

In the cells of the extreme rows of the disk, the seeds are in a free and pinched state. Since the cells are made at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the sowing disc, some of the seeds freely located in the cells fall to the bottom of the furrow closer to the central dotted line, but in the second and third lines.

However, the seeds that are in the cells of the extreme rings of the disk in a pinched state (large fraction), made at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the disk, are sown under the action of ejectors. In this case, the seeds of a large fraction are sown into the furrow at an angle and fall along a certain trajectory further from the central dotted line and at the same time roll along the bottom of the furrow.

Thus, the seeds are sown in the furrow not in one dotted line, but in a strip. In the strip, the seeds are placed in the furrow with a central line and side dotted lines, in which the seeds are sown with various rolling in the lateral direction.

The known sowing method and the device for its implementation have disadvantages.

Dotted sowing of soybean seeds is carried out by a converted SST-12B seeder. For dotted sowing of soybean seeds, the sowing machine of the SST-12B seeder is equipped with a device STYA 31.000, which includes a sowing disc made with two rows of cells with a diameter of 9 mm, a reflective roller with an elastic surface, a wall wedge ejector to increase the capacity of the seed box [Device for sowing soybean seeds STYA 31.000, SSS 03.000 for sugar beet planters of type 2STON-6A, SST-12A, SST-12B, SST-12 V, SST-8A, SST-8 V. Passport. Kirovograd, - 1983. - 15 p.].

According to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the serial device, soybean seeds are divided into fractions of 6-8 mm.

When sowing seeds with the SST-12B sowing machine, equipped with the STYA 31000 device of sorted soybean seeds according to the manufacturer's recommendations, two small fraction seeds are placed in some cells of each row of the sowing disc, in other cells the seeds are in a free state, and there are also cells in which the seeds are in a pinched state.

During the operation of the sowing machine, one seed of a large fraction is placed in some cells of the sowing disc, and one or even two seeds of a fine fraction are placed in other cells.

As a result, when sowing in the central line of the strip, soybean seeds of a large fraction are sown one at a time, as well as two seeds of a small fraction. The fact that the seeds are sown in the central line in two seeds is a minor disadvantage, since plants will grow from each seed (twins) with the possible placement of beans on the plant higher, as well as on dotted-nested crops.

Small fraction seeds, which are in the cells of the side rows of the sowing disc in a free state, are sown without the influence of the wedge ejector and are placed closer to the central dotted line of the strip.

Part of the seeds of the middle fraction, which are in the cells of the side rows of the sowing disc in a free state, are sown without the influence of the wedge ejector and are placed on both sides of the central dotted line. The other part of the large fraction seeds located in the cells of the side rows of the sowing disc is sown under the influence of the wedge ejector and is placed further from the central dotted line.

Seeds of a large fraction, located in the side rows of the sowing disc, are sown one seed at a time under the action of a wedge ejector, and are placed along a certain trajectory further from the central line of the strip.

When carrying out inter-row treatments without protective zones, some of the plants grown from seeds of a large fraction are cut out by the working bodies of a row cultivator. It is known that the size of soybeans (fractions) affects the yield of soybeans [Lipin, V.D. Substantiation of the parameters and improvement of the vertical-disk apparatus for sowing seeds of soybeans: abstract of the thesis. dis…. cand. tech. Sciences / V.D. Liping. - M., 1993. - 16 p.].

The disadvantage of the known method of sowing soybeans according to patent No. 2127032, adopted as a prototype, is that when carrying out inter-row treatments with the smallest protective zones, when the row cultivator is moved to the side, soybean plants grown from seeds of a large fraction are cut out.

The objective of the sowing method is to increase the yield of row crops.

The technical solution lies in the fact that the increase in the yield of tilled crops, on the example of soybean seeds, is carried out by ensuring the rational placement of seeds, in accordance with their fractions, in the strip of dotted-strip sowing.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the method of sowing seeds of tilled crops, which includes sowing seeds into the soil in one stream into the central line at an equal interval and into the extreme lines of the strip by creating additional seed flows on both sides of the main stream, and at an angle to the main stream with placement through equal interval and with different rolling in the strip relative to the axis of the extreme dotted line, and in the extreme dotted lines of the strip, the seeds of a large fraction are placed closer to the central dotted line, and the seeds of the small fraction are placed in the furrow further from the central dotted line.

A device for carrying out the method of sowing seeds of row crops with the placement of seeds in the central line at an equal interval, and in the extreme dotted lines of the strip with the placement of seeds of a large fraction closer to the central dotted line, and a small fraction further from the central dotted line, is carried out by a sowing element containing a hopper , a reflective roller, a sowing drum made with rows of cells, in the grooves of which ejectors are installed in the lower part of the apparatus, and the sowing element is made in the form of a drum consisting of disks that do not have rows of cells and have rows of cells, and the cells in the outer rows discs of the sowing drum are made at an acute angle to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive method of sowing row crops and the inventive device for its implementation meet the criterion of "Novelty" as there are differences from the prototype.

1. In the extreme lines of the dotted-strip sowing, seeds of a large fraction are sown and placed in an additional stream closer to the central dotted line.

2. Seeds of small fraction are placed in the extreme lines further from the central dotted line of the strip.

3. The sowing element is made in the form of a sowing drum, consisting of discs with rows of cells and without cells.

4. The cells in the outer discs of the sowing drum are made at an acute angle to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum.

In the claimed method of sowing seeds of tilled crops, for rational placement of seeds in a dotted-strip strip, seeds of a large fraction are sown in the extreme lines and placed in an additional stream closer to the central dotted line.

Small fraction seeds are placed in the extreme lines further from the central dotted line of the strip.

In the claimed method of sowing seeds of row crops, the seeds are placed in the furrow in the central dotted line and in additional flows by dispersing and placing seeds of a large fraction closer to the central dotted line, and a small fraction further from the central dotted line. That is, the seeds of the fine fraction are placed along the edges of the dotted strip.

Seeds are sown in additional flows by rolling in a furrow directed towards the central dotted line.

Seeds of a large fraction are sown under the action of a wedge ejector installed in the grooves of the extreme rows of cells of the sowing drum, and are rolled out in a dotted strip closer to the central dotted line.

When caring for row crops carried out by inter-row cultivation without protective zones, that is, "under the strip", plants grown from seeds of a large fraction turn out to be inaccessible to the working bodies of a row cultivator.

To increase the yield of row crops, one way is to establish minimum protective zones that are breeding grounds for weeds, as well as loosening the soil closer to the plants being grown. The protective zone is the distance from the plants to the working bodies of the row cultivator. When carrying out the first inter-row processing, the protective zone is set to 7 cm. During subsequent inter-row processing, the protective zone increases.

With a protective zone of less than 7 cm, due to the technical condition of the row-crop tractor, row-crop cultivator, as well as the qualifications of the machine operator, the row-crop unit may shift to the side. In this case, the dotted lines are cut out by the working bodies of the row cultivator for the entire width of the unit.

To reduce the protective zones, inter-row tillage "under the strip" is carried out, for this, the seeds are sown according to the sowing method [RF patent No. 2127032], selected for the prototype, the central and two additional flows.

In the proposed sowing method, seeds of a large fraction are sown from the cells of the sowing disc under the action of a wedge ejector, and at the same time, the seeds of a large fraction are rolled out in the furrow closer to the central dotted line. When carrying out inter-row treatments without protective zones “under the strip”, it is possible to cut out the extreme plants of the strip. Yes, this is bad, but in this case there are no protective zones, that is, a breeding ground for weeds.

In the method of sowing, taken as a prototype, plants of tilled crops grown from seeds of a large fraction are cut out.

And in the claimed method of sowing tilled crops, it is proposed to sow seeds of a fine fraction along the edges of the strip. It is better if the plants grown from seeds of a small fraction are cut out by the working bodies of a row cultivator.

Due to the spread of the linear dimensions of the seeds within the fraction, one part of the seeds is free in the cells, and the other part of the seeds is in a pinched state.

To avoid cutting out plants growing from seeds of a large fraction during inter-row treatments, seeds of a large fraction are sown from the cells under the action of a wedge ejector and roll out closer to the central dotted line of the strip. To do this, the sowing element is made in the form of a drum with rows of cells. The cells of the extreme rows of the sowing drum are made at an acute angle to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum.

Thus, in the proposed sowing method, the seeds are sown in the furrow in a dotted-strip way. In the strip, the seeds are placed in the furrow with a central dotted line under the influence and without the influence of the wedge ejector, and with additional flows in the side dotted lines of the strip. Seeds of a large fraction under the influence of a wedge ejector are sown with rolling closer to the central dotted line. Small fraction seeds are sown without the influence of the wedge ejector in the extreme lines of the strip further from the central dotted line.

When caring for row crops during inter-row cultivation without traditional protective zones, it is possible to cut out part of the plants grown from seeds of a small fraction. This is a significant difference from the method of sowing seeds of row crops taken as a prototype.

The identified features of the technical solution of the proposed method of sowing seeds and the device for its implementation allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the "Significant differences" criterion.

Figure 1 shows a device for sowing seeds according to the claimed method; figure 2 - section of the sowing drum; figure 3 - section of the sowing drum device for the implementation of the proposed method of sowing when unloading the cells and the distribution of seeds in the furrow.

The device for implementing the proposed method of sowing seeds contains a sowing machine, including a hopper 1, a housing 2, a sowing drum 3, a reflective roller 4, an axis 5 of the sowing drum 3. In the lower part of the sowing machine in the grooves 6 cells 7, 8 and 9 of the sowing drum 3 ejectors 10, 11 and 12 are installed.

The sowing drum 3 consists of compound discs 13, 14 and 15 with cells, and discs 16, 17 without cells.

The disk 14 is made with cells 8. The cells 8 are made by drilling “point-blank” along the radius of the disk 14, that is, at an angle of 90° to the longitudinal axis 5 of the seeding drum 3.

Cells 7 and 9 are made on discs 13 and 15 at an acute angle α to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum 3.

Disks 13, 16, 14, 17 and 15 are interconnected by screws 18 and nuts 19 form a sowing drum 3.

Discs 16 and 17 are made without cells and are used to change the width of the sowing drum 3. The width of the drum is changed by installing discs without cells for sowing seeds with the required strip width, that is, the width of the strip of the sown seeds depends on the width of the drum 3.

Pushers 10, 11 and 12 are installed in the lower part of the sowing machine on the axis 20.

Ejector 11 for unloading cells 8 made on disk 14 is installed at an angle of 90° to the longitudinal axis 5 of the seeding drum 3.

Ejectors 10 and 12 for unloading cells 7 and 9 made on disks 13 and 15 are installed in the grooves of cells 7 and 9 at an angle α to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum 3.

A device for implementing the proposed method of sowing seeds of row crops works as follows. When the sowing drum 3 rotates, the seeds from the hopper 1 fill cells 7, 8 and 9. Excess or incorrectly placed seeds in the cells are removed by the reflective roller 4. When the sowing drum 3 rotates, the seeds are in cells 7, 8 and 9 and are held by the housing wall 2.

In the lower part of the sowing drum, the seeds are sown, that is, the cells 7, 8 and 9 are unloaded. The ejector 11 unloads the cells 8 of the disk 14 and the seeds are sown in the central dotted line of the strip. Seeds are placed in a dotted line with equal spacing.

Ejectors 10 and 12 unload cells 7 and 9 of disks 13 and 15 and seeds are sown and placed in the extreme (side) dotted lines of the strip.

Due to the spread of the linear dimensions of the seeds within the fraction, some of the seeds are free in the cells, and the other part of the seeds is in the cells in a pinched state. Therefore, some large seeds are sown from cells 7 and 9 under the influence of ejectors 10 and 12, fall along a certain trajectory at an angle to the furrow and are placed in the strip closer to the central dotted line of the strip. The trajectory of movement and rolling of large seeds depends on the angle α of the inclination of the cells 7 and 9 to the diameter of the sowing drum 3 and the force of impact on the seeds of the ejectors 10 and 12.

Small seeds, freely located in cells 7 and 9, are sown under the influence, and also without the influence of ejectors 10 and 12, are placed in the furrow along the edges of the strip further from the central dotted line.

Seeds freely located in cells 7 and 9 are placed in the furrow further from the central dotted line, and pinched seeds in cells 7 and 9 of disks 13 and 15 are sown under the influence of ejectors 10 and 12 are placed closer to the central dotted line.

The trajectory of movement, rolling and placement of seeds in the strip depends on the angle α of inclination of the cells 7 and 9 to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum 3 and the force of the impact of the ejectors 10 and 12 on the seeds.

The strip width is adjusted by changing the width of the sowing drum by installing disks 16 and 17 that do not have cells.

In the implementation of the proposed method of sowing seeds of tilled crops by the proposed device is a more uniform placement of seeds in the furrow. Moreover, in the furrow along the edges of the strip, seeds of a small fraction are placed. When carrying out inter-row treatments without protective zones “under the strip”, it is possible to cut out part of the plants grown from small, rather than large seeds.

Claims (2)

1. A method of sowing seeds of tilled crops, including sowing seeds of different fractions into the soil in one stream into the central line at an equal interval and into the extreme lines of the strip by creating additional seed flows on both sides of the main stream, at an angle to it, with placement at an equal interval and with different rolling in the strip in the lateral direction relative to the axes of the extreme dotted lines, characterized in that additional seed flows are directed towards the central line, while in the extreme dotted lines of the strip, the seeds of a large fraction are placed in the furrow closer to the central dotted line, and the seeds of a small fraction placed in the furrow further from the central dotted line. 2. A device for sowing seeds of row crops, including a sowing machine for sowing seeds of different fractions, consisting of a hopper, a housing with a sowing drum placed in it, made up of discs with cells for seeds, a roller reflector of excess seeds and installed in the lower part of the machine, in grooves of cells, seed ejectors, wherein the cells of the central disk are made at a right angle to the axis of the drum, characterized in that the cells in the outer disks of the sowing drum are made at an acute angle α to the vertical diameter of the sowing drum with the direction of additional flows towards the central disk.

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