SU1819505A1 - Sowing assembly - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to precision metering units.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of functionality.

In FIG. 1 shows a metering apparatus; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a view B in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 - node I in FIG. 2; in FIG. 5 is a section BB of FIG. 1.

The sowing apparatus comprises a housing 1, in which two sowing disks 3 are mounted on a horizontal shaft 2 with a mirror image to each other. On the cylindrical surface of the sowing 15 discs 3 made several rows of cells

4. In the upper part of the apparatus there are two reflector rollers 5 with a mirror image to each other. In the bottom of the apparatus in the grooves mounted ejectors 6 on the horizontal axis. In the upper part of the sowing disk 3 in the grooves under each row of cells 4, sectors 8 are installed having a T-shaped cross-section. T-shaped sectors 8 are necessary for regulating the depth of the cells 4. Sectors 8 are mounted on the axis 9. Position in the vertical. tracing the plane of sectors 8 is set by spring 10 and adjusting screw 11. '

Each sowing disk 3 has a base 12, on which rings are installed, consisting of parts 13 and 14, 15 and 16 with half cells on the cylindrical part. Parts of the rings have an end surface c. sawtooth-shaped slots. In addition, spacer rings 17 that do not have cells are installed on the base 12. The spacer rings 17 from the end surface have sawtooth slots.

From the end surface of the sowing. discs 3 are mounted on the screws 18 of the ring 19 having cells. Adjusting plates 20 are installed between the parts of the rings 13 and 14, 15 and 16, 17. The bases 12 of the metering discs 3 are mounted on the hubs 21. The metering discs 3 are driven from the gear 22. The metering disc 3, the hubs 21 and the gear 22 are connected by screws 23 The reflector roller 5 is mounted on the shaft 24. The hopper with the seed chamber 25 is divided by a removable partition 26 into two parts. The partition wall 26 is attached to the hopper by a bolted connection (not shown).

The sowing discs 3 are installed on both sides of the partition wall 27 of the housing 1 of the sowing apparatus on the axis 2 and are fixed with a nut 28 with a washer 29.

The generatrix of cells 4 of each of the parts of the rings 13 and 14.15 and 16 is made with a radius R equal to half the diameter of the maximum size (fraction) of the seed; and the height h of cells 4 is half the diameter of the minimum seed size.

When sowing seeds of minimum size (fractions), the cells 4 of the sowing discs 3 will be oblong in the direction 10 of rotation of the disc 3, since h <R.

This form of cells 4 provides the best condition for filling them with seeds, and when sowing seeds of large sizes, the cross section _ of sowing cells 4 approaches the circle. The total thickness of the package of adjusting plates 20 is determined by the dependence

Δ = Δι + Ζ ^, where At is the thickness of the sawtooth plates forming the cells;

Δ2 is the thickness of the sawtooth plates between the parts of the rings that do not form a cell.

These expressions are determined by the expressions

Δ 1- dl ^- <1max

Dg ⁼ dMaKc ~ dl

Δτ = bmax ^- (1min (1) (2) (3) (4) where dmin.bmax is the minimum and maximum diameters of the sown seeds, respectively.

Depending on the size of the seeds, part of the package of adjusting sawtooth plates 20, determined by the expression (2),. set between parts 13 and 14, 15 and 16, forming a cell .4, and the remaining part of the package, the thickness of which is determined by the expression (3), between parts 14 and 15, 16 and 17, not forming a cell. When changing the sowing discs 3 to sowing seeds of smaller sizes, part of the adjustment plates 20 are installed between parts 14 and 15.16 and 17, which do not form cells 4.

The metering device operates as follows.

Seeds from the hopper with the seed chamber 25 fall into the open cells 4 of the sowing disc 3. Excess seeds are removed by the reflector roller 5. The seeds are held in the cells 4. by the wall of the housing 1 are lowered down, and the ejector 6 drops the seeds to the bottom of the furrow formed by the opener. The sowing discs 3 sow se. exchange in separate lines.

If necessary, sowing seeds of various types, varieties, differing in size, with a certain distance between the lines, sowing discs 3 are removed from the apparatus and make their adjustment.

Sowing discs Set as follows.

When sowing seeds of certain sizes, first collect rings with cells from parts 13 and 14, 15 and 16 and adjustment plates 20. Install ring 19 on the base 12 of the disk and fasten with screws. When sowing seeds in two lines with the greatest distance between the lines on the base. 12 install a package of spacer rings 17.

Set the sawtooth plate 20, the thickness of which is determined by the expression (3). Ejectors, 8 are installed in the T-shaped grooves of the disk 3 and ejectors 6 on the axis 7 in the grooves of the disks 3 in the lower part of the apparatus. Then, rings from parts 15 and Tb are installed with a set of adjustment plates 20 defined by expression (2). Then install the package of adjusting plates 20, determined by the expression (3), install the parts of the rings 13 and 14 with the adjusting plates 20. Install the ring 19 and fix the screws 18.

The adjustment of the sowing discs for sowing seeds with the necessary placement method in a row is performed as follows. Set the spacer rings 17, then the adjusting plates 20, the rings from parts 13 and 14 on the base 12 of the disks 3 so that the cells 4 are located one relative to the other in the calculated position. Set the ring 19 and fix it with screws 18. Install the ejectors 6 in the grooves of the discs 3 of each row of cells 6. Install the metering discs 3 assembled in the metering unit on the axis 2. Install the spring 10. Using the adjusting screw 11, set the position of the ejectors 8 installed when setting up the discs 3 into the grooves under each row of cells, the ejectors 8 are installed with the adjusting screw 11 so that only one seed remains in the cells 4.

When changing the distance between the stitches, it is necessary to adjust the metering unit. With na-. a larger distance between the stitches, the spacer rings must be installed as shown in FIG. 4. If the distance between the stitches is reduced, it is necessary to install the ring 19. tighten the screws 18. Install the packages of the adjustment plates 20, the rings of the components 15 and 16, the adjustment plates 20, the rings of the components 13 and 14, the adjustment plates 20. Install the spacer rings 17 ring 19 is fixed with screw 18. Thus, the rings with cells will be closer to the housing 1 of the metering unit and the distance between the stitches will change.

The proposed design of the sowing apparatus allows you to improve two-line sowing of seeds, allows you to change the distance between the lines when sowing seeds of various types of crops. It allows you to sow the seeds of two different types of crops at the same time of different sizes (fractions) and varieties. Provides metal savings for the manufacture of additional sets of discs. It is possible to sow seeds in two lines, and in each line in ordinary, dotted, nesting methods, which helps to increase the yield of agricultural crops. The sowing unit is unified as much as possible in comparison with the production and known ones. The transition to sowing seeds of various types of crops, differing in size, takes little time, no additional sets of discs are required. You can adjust the distance between the stitches.

Claims (1)

Claim The sowing apparatus, comprising a vertically mounted cellular sowing disk in the form of a cylindrical base and rings fixed on it along the axis of the cells of the rings, on the contacting end surfaces of which are sawtooth slots, between which there are adjustment plates mounted in the housing at the rear wall of the hopper on the axes and the sectors included in each groove, ejectors of seeds in the grooves and a roller-reflector, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, equipped with a similar main additional sowing disk with a reflector roller and a baffle for dividing the hopper into two equal parts, the housing has a central baffle, and the sowing discs are located symmetrically relative to it and spacer rings are mounted on their cylindrical bases with the possibility of changing the relative position. FIG. '£ Suf 6