RU2604290C1 - Method of potatoes planting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in cultivation technology and technique of potatoes planting and potato bugs and other harmful insects collection from potato plants. Method of potato tubers planting includes planting potatoes into W-shaped furrows, with arrangement of tubers in lines in staggered order with space between rows of 70...90 cm. Potato tubers are planted in lines, distance between which is 8…10 cm.

EFFECT: invention enables possibility to use shakers in form of conical parts or biconvex lens for potato beetles collection without potato plants damaging.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, can be used in the cultivation technology and technique for planting potatoes and collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects from potato plants.

The traditional technology of cultivating potatoes with row spacing of 0.7 m is known. (Klimenko V.I. Risur-efficient technology and machines for cultivating potatoes: (Monograph) / V.I. Klimenko. - Gomel: BelGUT, 2009. P. 12-15).

The disadvantages of the traditional technology with the placement of potato tubers with row spacing of 70 cm include its cost due to the presence of a large number of single-operation agricultural machines, the destruction of the structure and compaction of the soil with numerous passes of machines for inter-row cultivation. The introduction of full doses of herbicides, especially soil, adversely affects the microflora of the soil and pollutes the environment. Soil compaction reduces crop yields, increases energy costs for harvesting, increases the amount of impurities in a heap of potatoes and the loss of tubers for harvesting machines.

In addition, the Colorado potato beetle is currently causing the greatest harm affecting the economics of potato growing. 20 ... 30 larvae can cause complete defoliation of the plant, and already with 10% damage to the leaf surface, significant economic harm occurs.

In Russia, the main treatment from the Colorado potato beetle is recommended to be carried out against younger larvae, the most vulnerable during the period of their mass hatching (the period of budding before flowering when colonizing by larvae and egg-laying is more than 10 ... 15% of plants with an average number of 15 ... 20 larvae per plant) (Shpaar D ., Bykin A., Dräger D. et al. Potato / edited by D. Shpaar. - M.: Publishing House of LLC "DLV Agrodelo", 2007, S. 279-283).

The disadvantage of the traditional technology with the placement of potato tubers with 70 cm row spacing is that it is impossible to use the chemical method of combating the Colorado potato beetle, and even more so the mechanical method of collecting Colorado potato beetles because of the early closure of the row-spacings with the leaf surface of the potato. When 70 cm row spacing is closed by the leaf surface of potato plants, it is impossible to carry out a row cultivating unit. It remains only to observe how the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae destroy potato leaves.

The technology of cultivating potatoes with a row spacing of 90 cm is also known. Long-term studies of the Institute of Potato Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus found that wide-row plantings create better conditions for the realization of the potential productivity of intensive varieties, the soil density in the tuberization zone decreases, the marketability of tubers increases due to reduced injury, and a more favorable humidity in the plantings, plant damage is reduced by late blight, yield is increased, and energy consumption for the production of 1 ton of tubers are reduced (Klimenko V.I. Rice-efficient technology and machines for potato cultivation: (Monograph) / V.I. Klimenko. - Gomel: BelGUT, 2009. P. 13-14).

The last treatment for the care of potato plants, as well as the operations to combat the Colorado potato beetle, can be carried out much later than when cultivating potatoes with a row spacing of 70 cm, since 90 cm row spacing is closed by the leaf surface of plants much later. To combat the Colorado potato beetle, chemical, mechanical, physical, biological and other methods are used. To successfully combat the Colorado potato beetle, it is necessary to use a well-thought-out complex of organizational, economic, agricultural, chemical and biological measures, that is, an integrated plant protection system. Moreover, chemicals should be used in cases where they are economically feasible and environmentally friendly.

A device for collecting a Colorado potato beetle is known, containing a frame on wheels, equipped with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, drives made with a recess above the wheel axis and having a divider mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the device, and the divider is made in the form of a bell made of central cone and parts of truncated cones with different diameters of the base and mounted on a square shaft (Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2469533, IPC A01M 5/04, filed June 20, 2011, published on December 20, 2012, Bull. No. 35).

The device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle works simultaneously when carrying out inter-row cultivations, hilling potatoes and applying mineral fertilizers when cultivating potatoes with 70 or 90 cm aisles.

During the operation of the row cultivating unit, the drives installed on the device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle according to the patent 2469533, and the device itself is placed in front of the row cultivating unit (tractor), move with uniform speed along the row-spacing. Guides compress potato stems at the root. A divider with the end of a conical shape spreads and tilts the stalks of potatoes over the drives. Extendable and tilted stems slide along the conical part, and then fall into the depressions formed by the cylindrical surface of the part and the conical part of the divider. In this case, the potato stalks are shaken and the Colorado potato beetles, as well as the larvae, come off the stems and fall into the drive.

Field studies of the known device showed that when collecting Colorado beetles from planting potatoes cultivated with row spacing of 70 and 90 cm in one line, a divider made in the form of a bell made of a central cone and parts of truncated cones with different diameters according to RF patent No. 2469533 part of the leaves and stems of potatoes.

There is also a known method of planting potatoes on seeds with two-line ribbons, in which potatoes are planted in furrows with a W-shaped profile, with the tubers arranged in stitches in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between the stitches is 18-20 cm. (A.S. for the invention of the USSR No. 357904, IPC F01S 7/00, publ. 03.11.1972. Bull. No. 34).

The potato planting according to the known method is produced in furrows having a W-shaped profile in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. the tubers are laid out alternately in the left and right grooves of the furrows located at a distance of 18-20 cm from each other. Such a groove profile allows you to withstand the specified distance between the tubers along the width of the tape and prevents them from shifting when filling the furrow with known devices.

When cultivating seed potatoes, the known staggered planting makes it possible to plant about 1.5 times more tubers per hectare compared to the known planting methods with 70 or 90 cm row spacing, but in one line while maintaining the same distances between the tubers.

However, with the known method of planting potatoes, it is impossible to cultivate the soil of 18-20 cm in the tape between two rows.

When collecting Colorado potato beetles from potato plants when cultivating according to a known planting method, known devices having dividers (RF patents No. 2056105, 2202883, as well as 2469533, 130203, etc.) cannot be used, since the drives cannot be placed between the lines of potato plants located on a distance of 18-20 cm.

The objective of the invention is the development of a method of planting potatoes, allowing the collection of Colorado beetles and other harmful insects without damaging the plants.

The technical result of using the method of planting potatoes is to place two lines of potato plants, between which it is possible to move the shakers in the form of conical parts or in the form of a biconvex lens of devices for collecting Colorado beetles.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of planting potato tubers is performed in furrows with a W-shaped profile, with the location of the tubers in rows in a checkerboard pattern with rows of 70, 90 cm, and the distance between the rows is 8 ... 10 cm.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive method of planting potatoes meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

The distance between the lines of potato plants is 8 ... 10 cm.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed method of planting potatoes allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

It is known that the configuration of the nutritional area of potato plants does not affect the crop and is determined primarily by the width of the aisles. In central Europe, the row spacing is predominantly 75 cm, in the CIS countries - 70, less often 90, in the USA and Canada - 90 cm, in England and the Netherlands - 80 ... 90 cm. Numerous experiments have shown that the row spacing from 60 to 90 cm at different distances of plants from each other within the row does not affect yield if planting material of the same weight and the same average size of tubers is used.

The row spacing is a compromise between the gauge of tractors and machines and the crop requirements of potatoes when grown. The cultivation of potatoes on ridges 180 ... 200 cm wide in two or three rows has no advantage. Compared to cultivating potatoes on ridges, their productivity when growing on ridges is not higher, but a number of technological complications are needed (more land should be sifted out during harvesting, etc.), a different system of machines is required (Shpaar D., Bykin A., Dreger D . and other Potatoes / edited by D. Shpaar. - M .: Publishing House of LLC “DLV Agrodelo”, 2007, S. 141-148).

With the known methods of placing potato tubers during planting, it is impossible to use devices for collecting Colorado potato beetles without damaging potato plants, since devices in the form of cone components for shaking potato plants are directed along a row of potatoes (Patents No. 2056105, 2202883, 2469533, 130203, etc.) .

In order to ensure the collection of Colorado potato beetles and other harmful insects from potato plants mechanically, that is, devices in the form of conical parts, biconvex lenses that allow shaking potato plants, potatoes are planted in furrows with a W-shaped profile, with the tuber located in rows in a checkerboard pattern order with row spacing 70 ... 90 cm, but the distance between the lines is 8 ... 10 cm.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed method of planting potatoes allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

The collection of Colorado beetles and other harmful insects is carried out during inter-row processing of potatoes. In front of the row cultivating unit (tractor), a device for collecting Colorado beetles is hung, having cone-shaped or biconvex shakers made according to the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2056105, 2202883, 2469533, 130203, which allow bending and shaking of plant bushes. In this case, Colorado beetles and other harmful insects when shaking potato plants fall into the drives, which are located between rows of 70 ... 90 cm

Cone-shaped or biconvex shakers of devices for collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects, made according to the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2056105, 2202883, 2469533, 130203, move between rows of potatoes located at a distance of 8-10 cm. In this case, cone-shaped or biconvex shakers bend and bend and bend potatoes without damaging the plants.

Claims (1)

The method of planting potato tubers, including planting potatoes in furrows with a W-shaped profile, with the location of the tubers in rows in a checkerboard pattern with row spacing of 70 ... 90 cm, characterized in that the distance between the rows is 8 ... 10 cm.