SU1528362A1 - Method of planting potato - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to agriculture. The aim of the invention is to increase the yield. The tubers are planted in one ridge by two rows at different levels with a distance between them in a height of 8-10 cm, while the tubers in the row of one level are placed with a shift by half the distance between the tubers of a row of another level. The yield of potatoes increased by 1.5 times.

Description

And: “) B1: 1 eteiiie refers to the production of one and :) vegetable categories - potatoes.

The purpose of an izx1 shadow is to raise. yield1111.

Pa potato masher KSM-4 or C, KS 4 furrowing rims removed, removed ripper. Following the data of ag) sma () M s. Imuet another, landing but 3a iaiiee cut comb.

G .1ubina planting to, 1mln depends on the climatic conditions of the area and the type of soil; the wetter and colder the climate and the shorter the vegetative period, the smaller the backlog. In the potato, culture is the formation of its lungs in a mechanical manner. This need is a biological feature of potatoes. The soil is poorly developed in the soil, the stolons and small deformed tubers are formed, resulting in a yield reduction of up to 30%. The harmful effects of soil compaction on the crop of cards (and}) were eaten so great that neither increased fertilizer nor irrigation help. /one; CURRENT), in order to avoid soil compaction, the agrotechnical method of preplant soil preparation is recommended: cutting ridges with simultaneous mineral application of H1.1x fertilizers. To improve the quality of the preparation of lumpy

wow cloons. soil; Rokhodigrg on gavu soils.

Soils, in addition to traditional tools, use KFT-3-6 milling cultivator-deep-ripper, FPN-1.5 milling cutter and tools with active working elements RVK-6,6, rotary hoe MVN-28M t for surface soil loosening.

In addition, for this method, the maximum depth of seeding of the first, lower tuber is important, allowing it to develop unhindered, 12-16 cm.

The depth of planting is chosen taking into account the biological features of potatoes and the technical capabilities of the planting units: SAY 4 is seeding depth of 16 cm, SCM-20 cm, SKS-4 - 8-14 cm.

The installation of the coulters to a certain depth of the course is carried out on a flat platform with observance of all established dimensions.

The frame of the potato planter is brought to the horizontal position with the help of the tractor attachment tractor. Raise the supporting and copying wheels and set the pads with a thickness equal to the embedment depth minus 2 cm.

The KSM-4 potato planter provides a variation over the embedment depth of minus 2 cm at the optimum speed for this type of soil, therefore the embedding depth of 8-10 cm is chosen, which is optimal for

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from the first

root system of potatoes. The depth of the root system is 10-15 cm.

The angle of inclination of the sealing discs of the second unit is established depending on the required height and the shape of the ridge. When planted on the ridge, the tubers are planted to a depth of 8/10 cm.

Determination of fractions. The system of machines for 1981 - 1990. the development of a receiving bunker, a mobile bulkhead table, a pile cleaner. allows for the technology of harvesting potatoes for storage in accordance with the storage field scheme, mine sorting points.

To calibrate the tubers into fractions, a KPS-15 mobile unit or a stationary potato harvesting unit may be used.

Net type transport sorting allows enough to divide the tubers into fractions (three - four, depending on the configuration) with minimal mechanical damage.

The uniformity in the row and in the depth of embedding depends on the speed of movement and evenness of seed for the potato planter SKS-4. Recommend a speed of 7 km / h and two fractions with a mass of tubers 30-50 g and 50-80 g.

Planting of tubers of a large fraction weighing 80-120 g is made by replacing spoons, shifting the sidewalls of the upper plates and lower visors of the forging feeders. This defines the upper limit for planting tubers - 80 g. The lower limit for elite planting material is possible and acceptable 20-30 g, but not for seeds of the first reproduction, but on collective and state farms for industrial cultivation, the second and third reproduction are sown. Large fraction determined; tuber weight 60-80 g and upper limit for fine fraction

60 g. The lower limit for the fine fraction is determined, based on the biological characteristics of the potato and general recommendations: the larger, the more productive in earlier periods. The productivity of small tubers is lower, but they germinate more quickly and switch to independent feeding. In order to obtain simultaneous ripening of tubers when planting in this way, it is necessary that the acceleration of ripening due to the larger size of the tuber is compensated for by the planting depth. In this case, we can assume that the harvesting time was 12 cm in optimum depth. The dependence of the maturity (speed) of tubers on the seeding depth, if we take 281 kg from 1 hectare for a normal increase in a given period, the lag from the juvenile (12cm) embedment depth at 8 centimeter depth is

3.7 t: 3.1 tG) I o

, T8TG with a seeding depth of 16 cm:

3.9 t-3.1, p.

or the difference over the 11-day time interval is 2.84-2, 71. With a growing period of 80 days (we are talking about early potatoes), the maturity lag is:

X0, 16 (days).

five

five

0

0

five

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five

five

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which is fully consistent with the data of the experiment conducted on medium loamy sod-podzolic soil with a comb planting: tubers, embedded at a depth of 8 cm, sprouted 5 days earlier than when planted at a depth of 16 cm.

Thus, the second condition set is fulfilled when two fractions are planted simultaneously: 42-60 g and 60-80 g at different levels of 8 and 16 cm.

Since the density of potatoes is close to one (1.075 + 0.025 g / cm) and the grid sorting sorts the potatoes by size, not by weight, it is accepted: 1 fraction - potatoes with a diameter of 42-- 60 cm, 2 - fraction - potatoes with a diameter of 61 -80 cm.

The widths of the crops and the distance between the tubers for each specific soil and cultivation area can be varied. For example, the introduction of planting between 90 cm between the rows is due to the fact that the yield of potatoes cultivated on sod-podzolic soils is 5–15% higher than when it is 70 cm between the fields, and the tuber marketability improves by 4–27%. and a 21--25% increase in starch yield. Two-line planting of 2x60x140 cm began to be applied on irrigated lands.

This method of planting allows harvesting potatoes to be 1.5 times higher with the same area, with twice the consumption of seeds. Reducing the distance between tubers in a row of this effect does not result in a single-level planting, since limiting the nutritional area leads to a decrease in the size of tubers and, consequently, a decrease in yield. Preliminary testing of this landing pattern was carried out at two sites. The distance between rows is 65 - 70 cm, the distance between tubers in a row is 20 cm.

Each variety was planted with a 4-fold repetition of at least 8 rows, the alternation of planting patterns: in the ridge — the proposed spatial.

Claims (1)

The claims are worn in one ridge with two lines. at different levels with a distance between The method of planting potatoes, including a height of 8-10 cm, while the tubers Sealing of large tubers deeper than a chalk line in one level is placed from adjacent ones, characterized in that, in order to increase by half the distance between the yield, the tuber is planted with a pro tubery line of another level.