RU2689537C1 - Method for forest reclamation of saline lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and melioration of saline soils. Method includes cultivation of wood species and bushes, introduction of gypsum, deep plowing, snow retention, two-year fallowing and autumn plowing. When growing forest belts from tree species – an Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus alba, Salix alba, and bushes – Ribes aureum, Tamarix and Elaeagnus, deep plowing is performed at depth of 40–50 cm with simultaneous introduction of gypsum. In autumn, seedlings are planted in furrows with planting machines in row 2–3 m, between rows – 4–5 m. Forest soil cultivators KRL-1M, KUN-4 – in rows, KPN-4G, KL-2,6 – in rows between rows, performing two-year fallowing, providing accumulation of 500–600 mm of water. During the vegetation period, 3-4-fold treatment of soil is carried out at a depth of not more than 6–8 cm and once in 2–3 years, autumn plowing of rows between rows is performed at depth of 18–20 cm.EFFECT: method provides desalination of saline soils.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and land reclamation of saline soils and can be used to desalinate and increase the fertility of saline irrigated soils.

A method of creating forest belts on saline soils, which is similar to the technical essence, is known, including soil preparation and planting of tree and shrub species, characterized in that the soil is prepared using an early pair system to the depth of the fertile layer with planting green manure and subsequent plowing, and planting wood and shrub species spend large-sized seedlings with a lump of earth, Packed in a metal casing (RF patent 2078497, publication date 10.05.1997).

The prototype is a method for the development of saline soils of group III and IV by land. This method is aimed at increasing the depth of the fertile layer. Schemes of plant placement are named, 8–9 m spacing are provided, and the distance between plants in the row is 3 m, 370 pcs are planted per hectare. The increase in feeding area is caused by the poverty of the soil and the lack of moisture (A.Ya. Samartsev, RF Patent 2078497 “Method for creating forest belts on saline soils”, published on 05.05.1997).

The main disadvantage of these methods is their high labor costs and long service life of the plantation (approximately 10 years, including the preparation of the soil).

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is the solution published in the information source Zaidelman F.R. Land Reclamation, 2nd ed., Ext. and Pererab., MSU, 1996, pp. 222-224, which discloses a method of reclamation of saline lands, including planting tree and shrub species, in particular, acacia, elm, golden currant, tamarix, sucker, deep plowing with gypsum, snow retention, biennial fallow and autumn plowing.

The tasks to which the present invention is directed are:

- Improving the fertility of saline lands in the application of desalination, agrotechnical, phytomeliorative measures;

- reduction of costs for the development of saline lands by 30%.

The technical result - the desalinization of saline soils is achieved by introducing the technology of cultivation of forest plantations, based on moisture-saving tillage techniques, selection of drought, salt tolerant assortment of trees and shrubs, the use of chemical ameliorants.

This technical result is achieved when growing tree species and shrubs, making gypsum, deep plowing, snow retention, two-year diving and autumn plowing, characterized in that when growing forest bands from tree species - white elm, white acacia, white poplar, white willow and bushes - golden currants, tamarix and sucker, carry out deep plowing to a depth of 40-50 cm with the simultaneous insertion of gypsum, in the fall they plant seedlings in the furrows by tree-planting machines in a row in 2-3 meters, between the rows s of 4-5 m, they take care of the soil by forest cultivators KRL-1M, KUN-4, - in rows, KPN-4G, KL-2,6 - between rows, carry out a two-year fallow, providing an accumulation of 500-600 mm of water, during the growing season, 3-4 times the soil is cultivated to a depth of no more than 6–8 cm, and once every 2–3 years, an autumn plowing is conducted between the rows between the rows to a depth of 18–20 cm.

The system of soil preparation for growing forest belts is aimed at creating a powerful arable layer, allowing to improve water-physical properties, maximum moisture accumulation, deep leaching of soluble salts. Against the background of deep plowing 40-50 cm, snow retention and two-year fallow give good results. The accumulated 500-600 mm of water provides good washing of the soil and survival of tree species. The total amount of salts decreases by 35% in comparison with the initial state, and the chlorides are most intensively washed out.

The decisive condition for successful afforestation on saline soils is to take care of the soil throughout the planting life. In the arid zone, soil care is considered not only as agrotechnical methods for the destruction of weed grasses - the main competitors in the consumption of nutrients, but also as an event to create a loose mulch layer that reduces moisture loss to physical evaporation and improves the air and food regimes of the soil. During the vegetation period, 3-4-fold treatment of the soil to a depth of no more than 6-8 cm is carried out. In addition, an autumn plowing of row-spacings to a depth of 18-20 cm is done once every 2-3 years.

The creation of highly productive agricultural landscapes is possible during the reclamation of saline lands. The unjustified introduction to the development of areas with natural saline soils and with a high content in the soil cover of salt licks aggravates the poor state of irrigated land. The return to such lands of former fertility is one of the most important tasks of agriculture.

In the case of solonetz, the addition of a chemical ameliorant is added to the special soil treatments, which contributes to the soil soldering, the qualitative improvement of their exchange-absorption capacity, agrophysical, water-physical properties and structural state. Mechanical destruction by meliorative soil treatments of the solonetz horizon in combination with the action of ameliorant accelerates the removal of readily soluble salts. The most common and environmentally friendly chemical ameliorants is gypsum. Chemical ameliorants, as evidenced by scientific and practical experience, is also used on heavy clay soils to increase water permeability. Ameliorants are also used for prophylactic purposes to prevent possible alkalization of the soil.

The type of special meliorative treatments is determined by the presence of sodic spots in the soil cover and the depth of the first zone of salt accumulation. In the absence of solontsov or their content less than 25% under all conditions of salinization, volume loosening of 0.5 m is performed. With an increase in solontsa to 50% and the presence of the first salt maximum from a 0.5-meter depth, ameliorative plowing is assigned (usually a three-tiered plow to 0 40 m), which allows you to move previously made ameliorants to the solonetz horizon of the aircraft. This ensures, first of all, the process of brining up and preventing the introduction of salts deposited below the depth of capture of the processing tool. With strong salinization and detection of salts in a layer of 0-0.5 m (saline and solonchak soils), it is advisable to bring deep volumetric loosening.

Biological melioration is carried out on strongly - and moderately saline soils with the aim of desalinizing it to the limits that allow the use of other ameliorative methods (chemical melioration, self-reclamation). It is the most environmentally friendly technique for developing saline soils, since ameliorative effect on soils changes the ecology of their existence.

Claims (1)

The method of reclamation of saline lands, including the cultivation of tree species and shrubs, the introduction of gypsum, deep plowing, snow retention, two years of fallowing and autumn plowing, characterized in that when growing forest trees from tree species - elm squat, white acacia, white poplar, white willow, and currant bushes, golden currant, tamarisk and sucker, are deeply plowed to a depth of 40-50 cm with simultaneous insertion of gypsum; in the fall, seedlings are planted in furrows by tree-planting machines in a row in 2-3 meters, between with poisons of 4-5 m, they take care of the soil by forest cultivators KRL-1M, KUN-4 - in rows, KPN-4G, KL-2,6 - between rows, carry out a two-year fallow, providing an accumulation of 500-600 mm of water, during during the growing season, 3-4-fold tillage is carried out to a depth of no more than 6-8 cm, and once in 2-3 years, an autumn plowing is carried out between rows to a depth of 18-20 cm.