RU2290781C2 - Method for growing of rootstock grape vine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, viniculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivating bushes on multilayer trellis; growing vertical stem and forming productive heads at the level lower than respective level of wire; forming on each of rootstock bushes only two heads with productive zones; placing said heads along trellis in staggered arrangement and forming heads on shortened sleeves at distance of 10-20 cm beyond stem.

EFFECT: increased longevity and vitality of productive zones arranged on stems of parent bushes of rootstock, improved spatial and light modes for production of grafted cuttings.

2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for growing a stockyard vine.

A known method of growing a stockyard vine of grapes, which consists in dividing the shoots of the bush into bunches, followed by tying them on tiered wires, each of the bunches being tied to the corresponding wire and regrowing placed along this wire (1. Smirnov KV, Kalmykova T .I., Morozova G.S. - 1987. - S. 190-191; 2. Smirnov K.V., Maltabar L.M. et al. Viticulture - 1998 - pp. 200-201).

The disadvantages of this method:

1) there is an overgrowth of the head of the bush, which complicates the use of mechanization in the tillage between plants;

2) low yield and high cost of standard high-quality stockstock material, since the vine does not ripen well when it is tied in dense bunches.

There is also known a method of growing a stock vine of grapes, including cultivating bushes on a multi-tier trellis, growing a vertical stem and forming productive heads on it below the corresponding wire level (patent 1786998 A 01 G 17/00) - prototype.

The disadvantages of the method:

1) with multiple wounds during the harvesting of cuttings, starting from the lower tier, clogging of the vessels of the stem is observed, thereby hampering the flow of nutrients to the heads located above, which leads to their gradual death and death;

2) with this method of growing rootstock bushes of grapes it is difficult to use the method of summer budding in the butt for the production of grafted cuttings due to the layering of shoots of the previous bush on the shoots of the next.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the durability and viability of productive zones (goals) located on the stems of the uterine bushes of the stock, as well as to improve the spatial and light conditions for the production of grafted cuttings by the method of summer budding in the butt.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing a stock vine of grapes, including cultivating bushes on a multi-tier trellis, growing a vertical stem and forming productive heads on it below the corresponding wire level, only two heads with productive zones are formed on the stock bushes, they are placed along the trellis in a checkerboard pattern and form on shortened sleeves at a distance of 10-20 cm outside the stem.

New in the proposed method is that significantly increases the viability of the stem and shortened sleeves with productive zones, which increases the life of bushes and plantings in general.

It is significant that only two heads with productive zones are created on the bush and form them on shortened arms at a distance of 10-20 cm outside the stem.

The implementation of the proposed method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows grape plants, where

1 - uterine bushes of stock;

2 - vertical boom;

3 - shortened sleeves with productive zones;

4 - horizontal shoots.

Figure 2 shows rootstock shoots, where

5 - a fixing ring;

6 - trellis wire;

7 - budding on rootstock shoots.

The method is as follows.

Uterine bushes of the stock (1) are laid on the prepared site according to the planting scheme of 3 × 3 m. Then, they begin to grow a vertical stem (2). For this, in the spring of the second year, one of the most developed shoots are left on the bushes and they are tied up vertically, and the rest are removed. In bushes with odd numbers of seats, the left shoot is grown 150-160 cm long and minted at a height of 130-140 cm. In bushes with even numbers of seats, the shoot is grown 180-190 cm long, and minted at a height of 170-180 cm. with this, stepsons are removed on a green vertical stem, except for the two that will be used to form shortened sleeves with productive zones (3). At the same time, stepchildren should be well developed and located below the corresponding wire layer by 10-15 cm. When stepsons reach the appropriate length (20-30 cm), they pinch them, contributing to the formation of productive zones (heads). The next year, a load of 2-4 shoots is left on the heads, then each year it is increased, bringing to 14-16 horizontally located shoots (4) per bush. The load is corrected at that moment so that the shoots of the previous bush do not overlap and do not obscure the shoots of the subsequent plant.

As the shoots grow back, they are fixed with special fixing rings (5) with a circle diameter of 25-30 cm, which are made as follows. The elastic wire is cut into segments 0.7-0.9 m long, at both ends bends in opposite directions are necessary to fix the ring on the trellis wire (6). If necessary, the vines are fixed on the inner perimeter of the ring by garter or string. When several such rings are arranged in a row, an imaginary pipe is obtained, inside of which shoots grow and develop. Such fastening of vines does not lead to plant thickening and allows you to freely make summer budding on rootstock shoots (7) for the production of grafted cuttings.

The tapestry on the mother liquor of the rootstocks is organized as follows. The wire on the mother liquor is pulled in 4 tiers. The distance from the soil surface to the first level of the wire is 50 cm, and between the wires - 40 cm. Thus. The height of the trellis is 170 cm, which allows you to freely place the shoots in space.

Tests have shown that the use of the proposed method allows the maximum use of the mother liquors of the rootstocks to obtain grafted cuttings. The results are shown in the table.

Shrub productivity Way Landing pattern, m Load, bp / bush Average mileage The average diameter of the run, cm Exit, pieces from the bush The output of grafted first-class seedlings from the school,% standard (50 cm) cuttings including vaccinated Prototype 3 × 3 16 6.1 1.01 48 - 35 The claimed 3 × 3 16 5.7 1.06 44 40 75

Claims (1)

A method of growing a stock vine of grapes, including cultivating bushes on a multi-tier trellis, growing a vertical stem and forming productive heads on it below the corresponding wire level, characterized in that only two heads with productive zones are formed on the root bushes, staggered along the trellis and form on shortened sleeves at a distance of 10-20 cm outside the stem.

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