RU2010143551A - Углеродсодержащие материалы, полученные из латекса - Google Patents

Углеродсодержащие материалы, полученные из латекса Download PDF

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RU2010143551A
RU2010143551A RU2010143551/05A RU2010143551A RU2010143551A RU 2010143551 A RU2010143551 A RU 2010143551A RU 2010143551/05 A RU2010143551/05 A RU 2010143551/05A RU 2010143551 A RU2010143551 A RU 2010143551A RU 2010143551 A RU2010143551 A RU 2010143551A
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carbon
material according
gel
theta
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Филипп ЗОННТАГ (FR)
Филипп ЗОННТАГ
Давид ЭМ-ПЕРРО (FR)
Давид ЭМ-ПЕРРО
Жан-Мишель СИМОН (FR)
Жан-Мишель СИМОН
Серж ВАЛЬТЕР (FR)
Серж ВАЛЬТЕР
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Хатчинсон (Fr)
Хатчинсон
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Abstract

1. Углеродсодержащий материал, который может быть получен пиролизом ксерогеля из по меньшей мере одного гидрофильного полимера и по меньшей мере одного азотсодержащего латекса, причем полимер и латекс являются совместно поперечно сшитыми, отличающийся тем, что он представляет собой монолит углерода, содержащий от 0,1 до 20% графита по массе от общей массы материала. ! 2. Углеродсодержащий материал по п.1, отличающийся наличием по меньшей мере 3 последовательных пиков в спектре рентгеновской дифракции, измеренном на дифрактометре в конфигурации тета-тета, снабженном медным антикатодом и выраженном в терминах угла Брэгга 2-тета: ! Угол 2-тета ! 26,2 (*) ! 54,4 (*) ! 56,1 (**) ! ** значения ±0,5° ! * значение ±1° ! 3. Углеродсодержащий материал по п.1 или 2, который содержит систему пор, из которых по меньшей мере 10% являются мезопорами, и объем пор составляет от 0,4 до 1 см3/г. ! 4. Углеродсодержащий материал по п.1 или 2, имеющий полную удельную емкость, измеренную в одномолярном водном растворе H2SO4, больше или равную 75 ф/г. ! 5. Способ получения углеродсодержащего материала по одному из пп.1-4, причем способ включает в себя этап нагревания ксерогеля, полученного из по меньшей мере одного гидрофильного полимера и по меньшей мере одного азотсодержащего латекса до температуры, составляющей от 700 до 1050°С, в течение периода от 5 до 8 ч. ! 6. Способ по п.5, в котором ксерогель получен способом, содержащим этапы: ! (i) смешивание в водном растворе мономеров, входящих в состав гидрофильного полимера; ! (ii) введение латекса и перемешивание; ! (iii) добавление водного раствора основания для установления рН на значение, составляющее от 5,5 до 7,5; ! (iv) образование геля; ! (v

Claims (16)

1. Углеродсодержащий материал, который может быть получен пиролизом ксерогеля из по меньшей мере одного гидрофильного полимера и по меньшей мере одного азотсодержащего латекса, причем полимер и латекс являются совместно поперечно сшитыми, отличающийся тем, что он представляет собой монолит углерода, содержащий от 0,1 до 20% графита по массе от общей массы материала.
2. Углеродсодержащий материал по п.1, отличающийся наличием по меньшей мере 3 последовательных пиков в спектре рентгеновской дифракции, измеренном на дифрактометре в конфигурации тета-тета, снабженном медным антикатодом и выраженном в терминах угла Брэгга 2-тета:
Угол 2-тета
26,2 (*)
54,4 (*)
56,1 (**)
** значения ±0,5°
* значение ±1°
3. Углеродсодержащий материал по п.1 или 2, который содержит систему пор, из которых по меньшей мере 10% являются мезопорами, и объем пор составляет от 0,4 до 1 см3/г.
4. Углеродсодержащий материал по п.1 или 2, имеющий полную удельную емкость, измеренную в одномолярном водном растворе H2SO4, больше или равную 75 ф/г.
5. Способ получения углеродсодержащего материала по одному из пп.1-4, причем способ включает в себя этап нагревания ксерогеля, полученного из по меньшей мере одного гидрофильного полимера и по меньшей мере одного азотсодержащего латекса до температуры, составляющей от 700 до 1050°С, в течение периода от 5 до 8 ч.
6. Способ по п.5, в котором ксерогель получен способом, содержащим этапы:
(i) смешивание в водном растворе мономеров, входящих в состав гидрофильного полимера;
(ii) введение латекса и перемешивание;
(iii) добавление водного раствора основания для установления рН на значение, составляющее от 5,5 до 7,5;
(iv) образование геля;
(v) сушка.
7. Способ по п.6, в котором общее количество воды выбирают так, чтобы иметь отношение масс MR/MW≤1,4, где MR - масса мономеров типа полигидроксибензол и Mw - масса воды.
8. Способ по любому из пп.6 и 7, в котором образование геля осуществляют путем нагревания при постоянном объеме, предпочтительно под давлением.
9. Способ по любому из пп.6 и 7, в котором гель сушат путем конвекционной сушки.
10. Гель, который может быть использован в способе по одному из пп.5-9, полученный из по меньшей мере одного гидрофильного полимера типа полигидроксибензол/формальдегид и по меньшей мере одного азотсодержащего латекса, причем полимер и латекс являются совместно поперечно сшитыми, причем отношение массы латексных частиц (ML) к сумме масс всех составляющих ML+MR+MF, где MR = масса полигидроксибензола, MF = масса формальдегида, находится в следующих пределах:
Figure 00000001
11. Гель по п.10, в котором полигидроксибензол выбран из резорцина и смеси резорцина с другим соединением, выбранным из кахетина, гидрохинона, флороглюцина.
12. Гель по любому из пп.10 и 11, в котором азотсодержащий латекс включает такое количество азотсодержащих мономеров, которое составляет от 2 до 90 моль% от всех мономеров латекса.
13. Гель по любому из пп.10 и 11, в котором латекс выбран из нитрильных каучуков.
14. Гель по любому из пп.10 и 11, в котором мольное отношение полигидроксибензола, обозначенное R, и формальдегида, обозначенное F, составляет 0,4≤R/F≤0,6, предпочтительно 0,45≤R/F≤0,55.
15. Применение углеродсодержащего материала по любому из пп.1-4 для производства электродов.
16. Применение углеродсодержащего материала по любому из пп.1-4 в качестве наполнителя в пластмассах для получения электропроводящих деталей.
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