JP2011517650A - ラテックスから誘導された炭素系材料 - Google Patents
ラテックスから誘導された炭素系材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
−RFキセロゲルを生成する対流乾燥(C.LinおよびA.Ritter、Carbon、第35巻(1997)、1271頁)、続く熱分解は炭素キセロゲルをもたらし、これは特に、一方では、対流乾燥が単純で安価であるという利点を示し、他方では、材料が、粉末形態(C.Linら、J.Electrochem.Soc.、第146巻(1999)、3639頁)での、またはモノリス(N.Jobら、Carbon、第43巻(2005)、2481頁)としての使用を可能とする非常に良好な構造特性およびテクスチャ特性を維持するため、有利である。
−合成のある特定のパラメータ(pH、反応物質の含量等)または合成後のある特定のパラメータ(物理的もしくは化学的活性化)の変化により、炭素キセロゲルの最終的な構造特性、テクスチャ特性および機械的特性(比表面積、細孔容積、密度等)の調節および制御が可能となる(E.J.Zantoら、Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.、第41巻(2002)、3151頁)。
−最終多孔性炭素の表面組成を必要に応じて変更するために、いくつかの添加剤(無機塩)が前駆体ゲルの形成中に使用されている(N.Jobら、Carbon、第42巻(2004)、3217頁)。
−WO01/19904は、界面活性剤の存在下でのレゾルシノール/ホルムアルデヒド系の重合、続いて、熱分解によって得られたゲルの処理により調製された、メソ多孔性炭素系材料を記載している。関連した用途は、スーパーキャパシタ電極およびクロマトグラフィー樹脂の生成である。
(i)水溶液中で、親水性ポリマーの組成に関与するモノマーを混合する段階と、
(ii)ラテックスを導入して混合する段階と、
(iii)pHを5.5から7.5の値に調節するために塩基性水溶液を添加する段階と、
(iv)好ましくは加熱によりゲル化する段階と、
(v)乾燥する段階と
を含む方法である。
2θ角
26.2(*)
54.4(*)
56.1(**)
**値±0.5°
*値±1°。
実験の部
I−合成プロトコル
1−キセロゲルの調製
有機ゲルは、ラテックス粒子の存在下でのレゾルシノールとホルムアルデヒドの重縮合から得られる。
2−炭素系材料の調製
乾燥ゲル(RF+ラテックスで形成されたキセロゲル)を、10 l/分の窒素流下で800℃での熱分解に供する。
II−静電容量およびエネルギー密度の測定
本発明の炭素系材料の静電容量を、3つの電極を備える電気化学デバイスにおいて、特にクロノポテンショメトリー(水性媒体中では1 A/g、有機媒体中では0.5 A/g)により特性決定した。それらの静電容量を測定し、水性電解質中および非水電解質中のこれらの材料のそれぞれに対し充電/放電曲線を作成した。充電および放電曲線は、コンピュータインタフェース(IBM社製)を備えたVersaStat(EG&G社製)ポテンショメータを使用して、定電流インパルスを印加し、経時的な電圧応答をモニタリングすることにより得られた。波動関数の適用およびデータ収集には、EG&G Model270ソフトウェアを使用した。静電容量はファラド(F)単位で測定し、従来の手順および式C=It/(V1−V2)を使用して、充電/放電曲線からセルの抵抗をオーム単位で得た。
III−性能の比較
単に性能に関する見解を提供する炭素の乾燥質量に対して測定される固有静電容量、および関連した真の質量、すなわち電解質が含浸された炭素の質量に対して推定される固有静電容量(真の、または実際の静電容量)が選択される。
1−水性媒体および有機媒体中の静電容量
炭素の乾燥質量に対して、次いで1M硫酸で充填された質量に対して推定される、RF+5%ラテックス系(pH6.5)由来炭素の静電容量を、等量の従来のRF由来の炭素(同じR/FおよびR/W比ならびに同じpHであるがラテックスを含まない)の静電容量と比較する。
2−ゲル中のラテックス初期含量の関数としての、テクスチャ特性および静電容量特性の変化(1M H2SO4)
ラテックスの量を、0%(RF系)、5%(RF−L0.05系)、10%(RF−L0.1系)と変化させ、またゲル化pHを変化させて、Iと同じプロトコルに従う。
a−pH6.5で製造された材料
IV−メソ細孔容積およびBET比表面積の測定
比表面積および細孔径分布を、Micrometritics Gemini装置での窒素吸着およびMicrometritics Autopore II 9220装置での水銀ポロシメトリーにより分析した。
PW1830 Panalytical X線装置を使用する。
−検出器の種類:直線
−動作電圧および強度:135W45kV、30mA
−X線源の種類:Cu
追加の炭素系材料は、Synthomer6617ラテックス(40%ACN)5%により、高含量のニトリル基を有するラテックスから調製し、pH6.5で調製する。
VI−比較例
上記と同じプロトコルに従い、キセロゲルおよび炭素系材料を調製するが、ラテックスをスチレンラテックスと置き換える。
A−キセロゲルの調製
ゲルは、ラテックス粒子の存在下でのレゾルシノールとホルムアルデヒドの重縮合から得られる。
B−炭素系材料の調製
乾燥ゲル(RF+スチレンラテックスキセロゲル)を、10 l/分の窒素流下で800℃での熱分解に供する。
C−結果
窒素系ラテックス0.05%およびpH6.5で本発明の方法に従い得られた生成物(RF−L0.05)、ならびにpH6.5でスチレンラテックス(0.05%)から得られた生成物(RF−LStyr0.05)の特性を、以下の表で比較する。
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1種の親水性ポリマーおよび少なくとも1種の窒素系ラテックスのキセロゲルの熱分解により得ることができる炭素系材料であって、ポリマーおよびラテックスは共架橋されており、材料の総質量に対して0.1質量%から20質量%のグラファイトを含む炭素で形成されたモノリス(monolith)の形態であることを特徴とする炭素系材料。
- 銅対陰極を備えたθ−θ構成の回折計で測定され、ブラッグ2θ角により表されるX線回折スペクトルにおいて、以下のピークの少なくとも3つの存在を特徴とする、請求項1に記載の炭素系材料:
2θ角
26.2(*)
54.4(*)
56.1(**)
**値±0.5°
*値±1°。 - 細孔のネットワークを含み、その少なくとも10%がメソ多孔性であり、細孔容積が0.4cm3/gから1cm3/gである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の炭素系材料。
- 1モルH2SO4水溶液中で測定された75F/g以上の質量基準全静電容量を示す、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料。
- 請求項1から4の一項に記載の炭素系材料を製造するための方法であって、少なくとも1種の親水性ポリマーおよび少なくとも1種の窒素系ラテックスのキセロゲルを、700℃から1050℃の温度で5時間から8時間加熱する段階を含む方法。
- キセロゲルが、
(i)水溶液中で、親水性ポリマーの組成に関与するモノマーを混合する段階と、
(ii)ラテックスを導入して混合する段階と、
(iii)pHを5.5から7.5の値に調節するために塩基性水溶液を添加する段階と、
(iv)ゲル化する段階と、
(v)乾燥する段階と
を含む方法により得られる、請求項5に記載の方法。 - MR/MW≦1.4(MRはポリヒドロキシベンゼン型のモノマーの質量であり、MWは水の質量である)の質量比を有するように水の総量が選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ゲル化が、一定容積で、好ましくは圧力下で加熱することにより生じる、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- ゲルが、対流乾燥により乾燥される、請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリヒドロキシベンゼンが、レゾルシノール、ならびにレゾルシノールとカテコール、ヒドロキノンおよびフロログルシノールから選択される別の化合物との混合物から選択される、請求項10に記載のゲル。
- 窒素系ラテックスが、ラテックスの総モノマーに対し2モル%から90モル%を示す窒素系モノマーの量を含む、請求項10および11のいずれかに記載のゲル。
- ラテックスが、ニトリルゴムから選択される、請求項10から12のいずれか一項に記載のゲル。
- Fで示されるホルムアルデヒドに対するRで示されるポリヒドロキシベンゼンのモル比が、0.4≦R/F≦0.6、好ましくは0.45≦R/F≦0.55である、請求項10から13のいずれか一項に記載のゲル。
- 電極を製造するための、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料の使用。
- 導電性部品製造用のプラスチック中のフィラーとしての、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料の使用。
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FR0801639A FR2929284B1 (fr) | 2008-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | Materiaux carbones issus de latex |
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PCT/FR2009/000332 WO2009125094A2 (fr) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | Materiaux carbones issus de latex |
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JP2020524625A (ja) * | 2017-06-05 | 2020-08-20 | ローレンス リバモア ナショナル セキュリティー, エルエルシー | 活性化カーボンエアロゲルの形成及び3d印刷の実行のためのシステム及び方法 |
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FR2967669B1 (fr) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-11-30 | Hutchinson | Nouveau materiau carbone poreux monolithique modifie au soufre, son procede de preparation et ses utilisations pour le stockage et la restitution d'energie |
FR2978438B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-27 | 2016-01-08 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de preparation d'une mousse de carbone, materiau obtenu et applications. |
FR2985598B1 (fr) | 2012-01-06 | 2016-02-05 | Hutchinson | Composition carbonee pour electrode de cellule de supercondensateur, electrode, son procede de fabrication et cellule l'incorporant. |
EP3045901A1 (en) | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-20 | Hutchinson S.A. | Use of high specific surface area carbon materials as counter electrode for electrochemical measurements |
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JP2020524625A (ja) * | 2017-06-05 | 2020-08-20 | ローレンス リバモア ナショナル セキュリティー, エルエルシー | 活性化カーボンエアロゲルの形成及び3d印刷の実行のためのシステム及び方法 |
JP7234220B2 (ja) | 2017-06-05 | 2023-03-07 | ローレンス・リバモア・ナショナル・セキュリティー・エルエルシー | 活性化カーボンエアロゲルの形成及び3d印刷の実行のためのシステム及び方法 |
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FR2929284A1 (fr) | 2009-10-02 |
WO2009125094A2 (fr) | 2009-10-15 |
RU2010143551A (ru) | 2012-05-10 |
WO2009125094A3 (fr) | 2009-12-10 |
CN102123787A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
US9017579B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
FR2929284B1 (fr) | 2012-01-20 |
JP5535189B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2271423A2 (fr) | 2011-01-12 |
CN102123787B (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
US20110140051A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
RU2505480C2 (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
CA2719465A1 (fr) | 2009-10-15 |
KR101596819B1 (ko) | 2016-02-23 |
CA2719465C (fr) | 2016-08-09 |
KR20100135827A (ko) | 2010-12-27 |
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