RU2005115099A - Катализатор для обработки органических соединений - Google Patents

Катализатор для обработки органических соединений Download PDF

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RU2005115099A
RU2005115099A RU2005115099/04A RU2005115099A RU2005115099A RU 2005115099 A RU2005115099 A RU 2005115099A RU 2005115099/04 A RU2005115099/04 A RU 2005115099/04A RU 2005115099 A RU2005115099 A RU 2005115099A RU 2005115099 A RU2005115099 A RU 2005115099A
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catalyst
catalyst according
metal hydride
reaction surface
oxide layer
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RU2005115099/04A
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RU2343977C2 (ru
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Дэвид А. ПУРТА (US)
Дэвид А. ПУРТА
Марк А. ПОРТНОФФ (US)
Марк А. ПОРТНОФФ
Фаиц ПУРАРИАН (US)
Фаиц ПУРАРИАН
Маргарет А. НАСТА (US)
Маргарет А. НАСТА
Цзинфэн ЧЖАН (US)
Цзинфэн ЧЖАН
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Карнеги Меллон Юниверсити (Us)
Карнеги Меллон Юниверсити
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    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/121—Metal hydrides
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    • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
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    • B01J37/04—Mixing
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    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
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    • C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
    • C01B6/24—Hydrides containing at least two metals; Addition complexes thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Claims (26)

1. Катализатор, содержащий гидрид металла типа внедрения, имеющий реакционную поверхность и одноатомный водород на реакционной поверхности.
2. Катализатор по п.1, кроме того, содержащий носитель в контакте с гидридом металла типа внедрения.
3. Катализатор по п.2, в котором носитель содержит, по меньшей мере, один из неорганических оксидов, углерод и их комбинации.
4. Катализатор по п.2, кроме того, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один из Pt, Pd и их комбинации.
5. Катализатор по п.2, в котором гидрид металла содержит частицы, имеющие диаметр от примерно 0,01 до примерно 1000 мкм.
6. Катализатор по п.1, в котором реакционная поверхность по существу не содержит оксидного слоя.
7. Катализатор по п.1, в котором гидрид металла типа внедрения находится в форме частицы, имеющей диаметр, и в котором реакционная поверхность имеет оксидный слой, имеющий толщину, равную или меньшую, чем половина диаметра частицы iMeH.
8. Катализатор по п.7, в котором толщина оксидного слоя равна или меньше, чем четверть диаметра частицы iMeH.
9. Катализатор по п.7, в котором толщина оксидного слоя равна или меньше, чем одна десятая диаметра частицы iMeH.
10. Катализатор по п.1, в котором одноатомный водород имеет определенную концентрацию на поверхности катализатора, и концентрацию максимизируют удалением кислорода и водяного пара при повышенных температурах.
11. Катализатор по п.1, кроме того, содержащий поглотитель РЧ- или микроволновый энергии в тепловом контакте с гидридом металла.
12. Катализатор по п.1, в котором гидрид металла функционирует в качестве первичного поглотителя РЧ- или микроволновый энергии.
13. Катализатор по п.1, кроме того, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один компонент для гидрообработки, при этом минимизируют воздействие кислорода и водяного пара при повышенных температурах.
14. Катализатор по п.1, в котором гидрид металла содержит по меньшей мере один из катализатора AT5, катализатора A2T14В и катализатора A2T и их комбинаций,
в котором, для катализатора AT5 общая формула представляет собой A1-xMхT5-y-zByCz, где x=0,0-1,0; y=0,0-2,5; z=0,0-0,5; A=Мм (мешметалл); T=Ni; М=La, Pr, Nd или Ce; B=Co; C=Mn, Al или Cr;
в котором для катализатора A2T14В общая формула представляет собой A2-xMхT14-yСyDzB, где x=0,0-2,0; y=0,0-14; z=0,0-3,0; A=Nd; T=Fe; М=La, Pr или Ce; B=Бор; C=Co; D= Cr, Ni или Mn.
в котором, для катализатора A2T, общая формула представляет собой:A2-xMхT1-yBy, где x=0,0-0,5; y=0,0-0,5; A=Mg; T=Ni или Cu; М=La; B=Fe или Co.
15. Катализатор по п.13, в котором гидрид металла содержит по меньшей мере один из Mm(1,1)Ni(4,22)Co(0,42)Al(0,15)Mn(0,15), Nd(2,05)Dy(0,25)Fe(1,3)B(1,05) и Mg(1,05)Ni(0,95)Cu(0,07) и их комбинаций.
16. Катализатор, содержащий носитель; поглотитель РЧ- или микроволновой энергии; и каталитически активную фазу; в котором каталитически активная фаза сохраняет и производит водород в одноатомной форме.
17. Катализатор по п.16, в котором каталитически активная фаза содержит гидрид металла типа внедрения.
18. Катализатор по п.17, в котором гидрид металла типа внедрения имеет реакционную поверхность и данная реакционная поверхность по существу не содержит оксидного слоя.
19. Катализатор по п.16, в котором носитель содержит, по меньшей мере, один из неорганических оксидов, металлов, углерода и их комбинаций.
20. Катализатор, содержащий гидрид металла, имеющий реакционную поверхность; одноатомный водород на реакционной поверхности; и по меньшей мере, один компонент для гидрообработки, компонент для крекинга и их комбинации.
21. Катализатор по п.20, кроме того, содержащий поглотитель РЧ- или микроволновый энергии в тепловом контакте с гидридом металла.
22. Катализатор по п.20, в котором, по меньшей мере, один компонент для гидрообработки, компонент для крекинга и их комбинации также функционирует в качестве поглотителя микроволновой энергии или энергии РЧ.
23. Катализатор по п.20, в котором реакционная поверхность по существу не содержит оксидного слоя.
24. Смесь, содержащая гидрид металла типа внедрения и жидкое органическое соединение.
25. Смесь по п.24, в котором гидрид металла типа внедрения имеет реакционную поверхность, и в которой катализатор, кроме того, содержит одноатомный водород на реакционной поверхности.
26. Смесь по п.25, в которой реакционная поверхность по существу не содержит оксидного слоя.
RU2005115099/04A 2002-10-17 2003-10-16 Катализатор для обработки органических соединений RU2343977C2 (ru)

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US10/273,384 US7157401B2 (en) 2002-10-17 2002-10-17 Catalyst for the treatment of organic compounds
US10/273,384 2002-10-17

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US7316788B2 (en) * 2004-02-12 2008-01-08 Battelle Memorial Institute Materials for storage and release of hydrogen and methods for preparing and using same
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