NO822922L - Fremgangsmaate og apparat for fremstilling av en lyselektrisk omformer, samt saaledes fremstilt omformer - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate og apparat for fremstilling av en lyselektrisk omformer, samt saaledes fremstilt omformerInfo
- Publication number
- NO822922L NO822922L NO822922A NO822922A NO822922L NO 822922 L NO822922 L NO 822922L NO 822922 A NO822922 A NO 822922A NO 822922 A NO822922 A NO 822922A NO 822922 L NO822922 L NO 822922L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- type
- transient
- semiconductor
- semiconductor layer
- region
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 5
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 105
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 12
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003373 AgInS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011364 vaporized material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001424392 Lucia limbaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015107 ale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZBBCSFCMKWYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O ZZBBCSFCMKWYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/167—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising Group I-III-VI materials, e.g. CdS/CuInSe2 [CIS] heterojunction photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/169—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising Cu2X/CdX heterojunctions, wherein X is a Group VI element, e.g. Cu2O/CdO PN heterojunction photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/126—Active materials comprising only Group I-III-VI chalcopyrite materials, e.g. CuInSe2, CuGaSe2 or CuInGaSe2 [CIGS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/063—Gp II-IV-VI compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/12—Photocathodes-Cs coated and solar cell
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/221,761 US4335266A (en) | 1980-12-31 | 1980-12-31 | Methods for forming thin-film heterojunction solar cells from I-III-VI.sub.2 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO822922L true NO822922L (no) | 1982-08-30 |
Family
ID=22829266
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO822922A NO822922L (no) | 1980-12-31 | 1982-08-30 | Fremgangsmaate og apparat for fremstilling av en lyselektrisk omformer, samt saaledes fremstilt omformer |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4335266A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0067860B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPH0557746B2 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE44334T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU537139B2 (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE890348A (enExample) |
| CA (2) | CA1185347A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3177076D1 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK387082A (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES508455A0 (enExample) |
| GB (2) | GB2106316B (enExample) |
| GR (1) | GR76957B (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL64676A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1172197B (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO822922L (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1982002459A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (159)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL69756A0 (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1983-12-30 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | System and method for making large area photovoltaic devices |
| US4534335A (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1985-08-13 | Rice Frederick H | Solar heat collector and reflector |
| US4523051A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1985-06-11 | The Boeing Company | Thin films of mixed metal compounds |
| US4581108A (en) * | 1984-01-06 | 1986-04-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Process of forming a compound semiconductive material |
| DE3415712A1 (de) * | 1984-04-27 | 1985-11-07 | Bloss, Werner Heinz, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 7065 Winterbach | Duennschicht-fotoelement |
| US4612411A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1986-09-16 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Thin film solar cell with ZnO window layer |
| US4638111A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-01-20 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Thin film solar cell module |
| US4798660A (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1989-01-17 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for forming Cu In Se2 films |
| JPS6220381A (ja) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-01-28 | シーメンス ソーラー インダストリーズ，エル．ピー． | 二セレン化インジウム銅半導体膜の製造方法 |
| JPS62158863A (ja) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-14 | インタ−ナショナル ビジネス マシ−ンズ コ−ポレ−ション | 被膜形成装置 |
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| US3446936A (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1969-05-27 | Sperry Rand Corp | Evaporant source |
| US3449092A (en) * | 1966-01-28 | 1969-06-10 | Gulf General Atomic Inc | Superconducting material |
| US3531335A (en) * | 1966-05-09 | 1970-09-29 | Kewanee Oil Co | Method of preparing films of controlled resistivity |
| US3565686A (en) * | 1967-09-25 | 1971-02-23 | North American Rockwell | Cadmium sulfide-selenide photodetectors and process for manufacture thereof |
| US3612859A (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1971-10-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method for measuring and controlling the density of a metallic vapor |
| US3654109A (en) * | 1968-04-25 | 1972-04-04 | Ibm | Apparatus and method for measuring rate in flow processes |
| US3716424A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1973-02-13 | Us Navy | Method of preparation of lead sulfide pn junction diodes |
| US3647197A (en) * | 1970-04-27 | 1972-03-07 | Ford Motor Co | Vacuum deposition |
| US3716406A (en) * | 1971-05-04 | 1973-02-13 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Method for making a cadmium sulfide thin film sustained conductivity device |
| US3793070A (en) * | 1971-06-01 | 1974-02-19 | Us Navy | Method of varying the carrier concentration of lead-tin sulfide epitaxial films |
| US3914856A (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1975-10-28 | Fang Pao Hsien | Economical solar cell for producing electricity |
| JPS50151087A (enExample) * | 1974-05-24 | 1975-12-04 | ||
| US3978510A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1976-08-31 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Heterojunction photovoltaic devices employing i-iii-vi compounds |
| ZA755836B (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1976-10-27 | Dh Baldwin Co | Photovoltaic cell |
| US4059067A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1977-11-22 | Balzers Patent-Und Beteiligungs-Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for determining the rate of flow of particles in a vacuum deposition device |
| US4046565A (en) * | 1975-03-25 | 1977-09-06 | Addressograph Multigraph Corporation | Amorphous selenium coating |
| US4024376A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1977-05-17 | Leybold-Heraeus Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for measuring the evaporation rate in vacuum evaporation processes |
| US4063974A (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1977-12-20 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Planar reactive evaporation method for the deposition of compound semiconducting films |
| US4036167A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-07-19 | Inficon Leybold-Heraeus Inc. | Apparatus for monitoring vacuum deposition processes |
| US4004342A (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1977-01-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Fabrication of ion implanted P-N junction devices |
| US4101341A (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1978-07-18 | Battelle Development Corporation | CdSe-SnSe photovoltaic cell |
| JPS54140887A (en) * | 1978-04-24 | 1979-11-01 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Photoelectric semiconductor converter element |
| US4251287A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-02-17 | The University Of Delaware | Amorphous semiconductor solar cell |
| US4313254A (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1982-02-02 | The Johns Hopkins University | Thin-film silicon solar cell with metal boride bottom electrode |
-
1980
- 1980-12-31 US US06/221,761 patent/US4335266A/en not_active Ceased
-
1981
- 1981-09-15 BE BE2/59353A patent/BE890348A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-12-21 EP EP82900474A patent/EP0067860B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-21 WO PCT/US1981/001714 patent/WO1982002459A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-12-21 GB GB08222854A patent/GB2106316B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-21 AT AT82900474T patent/ATE44334T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-12-21 DE DE8282900474T patent/DE3177076D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-12-21 GR GR66851A patent/GR76957B/el unknown
- 1981-12-21 AU AU80812/82A patent/AU537139B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-12-21 JP JP82500445A patent/JPH0557746B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-12-29 IT IT50022/81A patent/IT1172197B/it active
- 1981-12-30 ES ES508455A patent/ES508455A0/es active Granted
- 1981-12-30 CA CA000393443A patent/CA1185347A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-30 IL IL64676A patent/IL64676A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-08-30 DK DK387082A patent/DK387082A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-08-30 NO NO822922A patent/NO822922L/no unknown
-
1984
- 1984-08-16 GB GB08420810A patent/GB2144914B/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-02-27 CA CA000475358A patent/CA1201192A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE44334T1 (de) | 1989-07-15 |
| IL64676A0 (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| DK387082A (da) | 1982-08-30 |
| IT8150022A0 (it) | 1981-12-29 |
| ES8308157A1 (es) | 1983-08-01 |
| BE890348A (fr) | 1982-01-04 |
| IT1172197B (it) | 1987-06-18 |
| GB2144914A (en) | 1985-03-13 |
| CA1185347A (en) | 1985-04-09 |
| AU537139B2 (en) | 1984-06-07 |
| US4335266A (en) | 1982-06-15 |
| IL64676A (en) | 1985-01-31 |
| EP0067860A4 (en) | 1985-07-30 |
| JPS57502196A (enExample) | 1982-12-09 |
| GB2106316B (en) | 1985-09-25 |
| EP0067860A1 (en) | 1982-12-29 |
| EP0067860B1 (en) | 1989-06-28 |
| GB8420810D0 (en) | 1984-09-19 |
| DE3177076D1 (en) | 1989-08-03 |
| GR76957B (enExample) | 1984-09-04 |
| GB2106316A (en) | 1983-04-07 |
| WO1982002459A1 (en) | 1982-07-22 |
| JPH0557746B2 (enExample) | 1993-08-24 |
| GB2144914B (en) | 1985-10-09 |
| ES508455A0 (es) | 1983-08-01 |
| CA1201192A (en) | 1986-02-25 |
| AU8081282A (en) | 1982-08-02 |
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