NO320322B1 - Forbindelse, fremgangsmate for fremstilling av denne, legemiddel og farmasoytisk preparat inneholdende denne, anvendelse av forbindelsen og fremgangsmate for fremstilling av et legemiddel. - Google Patents
Forbindelse, fremgangsmate for fremstilling av denne, legemiddel og farmasoytisk preparat inneholdende denne, anvendelse av forbindelsen og fremgangsmate for fremstilling av et legemiddel. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO320322B1 NO320322B1 NO19971116A NO971116A NO320322B1 NO 320322 B1 NO320322 B1 NO 320322B1 NO 19971116 A NO19971116 A NO 19971116A NO 971116 A NO971116 A NO 971116A NO 320322 B1 NO320322 B1 NO 320322B1
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- formula
- stands
- alkyl
- glycosyl
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title 1
- -1 methoxy, carboxy, methyloxycarbonyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003147 glycosyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000003068 rheumatic fever Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 208000037893 chronic inflammatory disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005699 methyleneoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])O[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- JVJQPDTXIALXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitryl fluoride Chemical compound [O-][N+](F)=O JVJQPDTXIALXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- MAUMSNABMVEOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (methyl-$l^{2}-azanyl)methane Chemical compound C[N]C MAUMSNABMVEOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical group O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000006310 cycloalkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 38
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 38
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en forbindelse, en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av denne, et legemiddel og et farmasøytisk preparat inneholdende denne, anvendelse av forbindelsen og en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et legemiddel.
Virkningen av farmaka (drugs) består hyppig i at patologiske overeksprimerte enzymer, cytokiner eller andre faktorer ved spesielle sykdommer hemmes i sin sykdomsfremmende aktivitet. Imidlertid strekker medikamentenes hemmende virkning seg ikke bare til de farmakologiske målstrukturer (enzym, cytokin, faktor) i det syke vev, de hemmer også de forekommende aktiviteter i sunt vev. Ut fra dette opptrer det uønskede bivirkninger ved mange medikamenter. For å mildne bivirkningene ved medikamenter er det utviklet eksperimentelle systemer som tillater en mere selektiv frisetting av medikamenter i sykt vev. Slike systemer skal beskrives kort i det følgende.
ADEPT-systemet ("Antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy", Bagshawe 1987, "Br. J. Cancer", 56: 531-532) er et totrinnssystem der det i det første trinn injiseres et antistoffenzymkonjugat (AEK) intravenøst. Dette AEK holdes på grunn av sin tumorselektivitet tilbake i tumoren, men skilles i løpet av 2 til 7 dager ut fra sunt vev. Den i det andre trinn intravenøst injiserte prodrug (en ugiftig medikamentforløper) aktiveres i tumoren på grunn av den enzymatiske aktivitet ved AEK til giftig medikament. Som en konsekvens av denne tumorspesifikke prodrugaktivering observerer man en øket medikamentkonsentrasjon i tumoren (5-50 ganger) og en lavere medikamentkonsentrasjon i sunt vev sammenlignet med standardterapi. Dette medfører en forbedret holdbarhet samt overlegne terapeutiske virkninger ved humane tumorxenopodingsmodeller (S.K. Sharma et al., 1991, "Diease Markers", 9: 225-231).
På tilsvarende måte som ADEPT-systemet arbeider FMPA-konseptet ("Fusion protein mediated prodrug activation"), men i stedet for den xenogene og derfor immunogene AEK anvendes et ikke-immunogent, humant fusjonsprotein for tumorselektive prodrugaktivering (Bosslet et al., 1994, "Cancer Res.", 54: 2151-2159).
Også i VDEPT-systemet ("Vector dependent enzyme prodrug therapy", Trinh et al., "Cancer Res.", 55: 4808-4812), et totrinnsgenterapeutisk opplegg, aktiveres prodrugs tumorselektivt efter injeksjon av en vektor og ekspresjon av et strukturgen som koder for et enzym.
En endogen aktivering av prodrugs ("Glucuronyl-Spacer-Anthrazyclin", Jacquessy et al., 1991, WO 92/19639) i nekrotiske tumorer og betennelsesprosesser forbundet med sterke antitumorale og antibetennelsesfarmakologiske effekter, er for første gang beskrevet av Bosslet et al. i 1994 i "Cancer Res.", 54: 2151-2159 og 1995 i "Tumor Targeting", 1. 45-50 som PMT (Prodrug Monotherapie). Ved den farmakologiske bearbeiding av PMT-systemene viste det seg at både kjemien for spaceren som eliminerer seg selv og hydrofilien og den molare cytotoksisitet for medikament-komponentene i den anvendte prodrug, er av avgjørende betydning for in vivo-effektiviteten. En ytterligere effektivitetsøkning for PMT ble observert i kombinasjon med stoffer som induserer nekroser (EP 0696456 A2). Fremfor alt viser anvendelsen av antistoffkonjugater med spesifisitet for CEGF/VEGF-reseptorkomplekset, kovalent forbundet med koagulatoriske proteiner, som f.eks. den forkortede vevfaktor, en særlig god virkning i farmakologiske in vivo-modeller kombinert med egnede prodrugs.
Videre beskriver EP0642799 enzymatisk spaltbare prodrugs med en annen kjemisk struktur enn forbindelsene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse.
CA-2081281 angir en kombinasjon av et antistoff-enzym konjugat pluss et glukoronid-prodrug.
Overraskende er det nu gjort mulig å syntetisere prodrugs som in vivo, efter tilsvarende endogen, enzymatisk aktivering, er ennu vesentlig mer virksomt enn de i EP 0511917 Al og EP 0595133 A2 beskrevne prodrugs. Denne overlegne virkning skyldes på den ene side den nye og fordelaktige kjemi for spaceren, på den annen side imidlertid også den høye molare cytotoksisitet for de anvendte medikamentkomponenter. Den nye, fordelaktige kjemi hos spaceren utmerker seg, særlig ved aktive bestanddeler som er bundet til spaceren via en hydroksylgruppe, ved at det skjer en frisetting av den aktive bestanddel efter enzymatisk spalting av glykosylresten ved ringslutning og avspaltning av spaceren. Herved oppnås det en forbedret stabilitet for den angjeldende prodrug ved en samtidig god enzymatisk spaltbarhet. Oppfinnelsens prodrugs er videre mere stabile under fysiologiske betingelser enn kjente prodrugs, fordi de ikke setter den aktive bestanddel så hurtig fri.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår prodrugs med formel I
og/eller fysiologisk godtagbare salter av forbindelsene med formel I, hvorved glykosyl står for et enzymatisk, avspaltbart poly-, oligo- eller monosakkarid,
W står for 1)5- til 14-leddet aromatisk rest,
2) naftyl,
3) indenyl,
4) antryl,
5) fenantryl,
6) en 5- til 14-leddet heterocyklisk rest med 1,2,3 eller 4 heteroatomer fra gruppen oksygen, nitrogen eller svovel,
7) Ci-6-alkyl,
8) <C>2-6-alkenyl,
9) C3_6-cykloalkyl eller
10) fenyl,
R står for 1) hydrogenatom,
2) Ci^-alkyl,
3) fenyl,
4) metoksy,
5) karboksy,
6) metyloksykarbonyl,
7) -CN,
8) -OH,
9) -N02, 10) halogen som fluor, klor eller brom,
11) sulfonyl,
12) sulfonamid eller
13) sulfon-Ci—C4-alkylamid,
p står for 0 eller 1,
n står for 0,1,2 eller 3,
X står for 1) oksygenatom,
2) -NH-,
3) metylenoksy,
4) metylenamino,
5) metylen-Ci^-alkylamino,
6) C\—C4-alkylamino eller
7) C3—C6-cykloalkylamino,
Y står for oksygenatom eller -NH-,
Z står for 1) Ci^-alkylamino,
2) -N(CH3)-,
3) -C(CH3)2-NH-,
4) -CH(CH3)-NH-,
5) -C(CH3)2-N(R<2>)-, der R<2> betyr Ci^-alkyl, eller
6) -NH-, når W betyr C i-g-alkyl, og
virkestoff (aktiv bestanddel) står for en forbindelse med biologisk virkning og som er bundet via en oksygenrest, en primær eller sekundær aminorest eller en iminorest.
Når n betyr et helt tall 2 eller 3, har restene R uavhengig av hverandre de under RI) til RI 3) nevnte betydninger. Med alkyl eller alkenyl menes rester hvis karbonatomer er rette, forgrenede eller cykliske; dobbeltbindinger kan forekomme flere ganger. Cykliske alkylrester er for eksempel 3- til 6—leddede monocykler som cyklopropyl, cyklobutyl, cyklopentyl eller cykloheksyl. Til begrepet "5- til 14-leddet", heterocyklisk rest med 1, 2,3 eller 4 heteroatomer fra gruppen oksygen, nitrogen eller svovel", hører for eksempel rester som avledes fra pyrrol, azepin, pyrrolin, pyridin, imidazol, pyrimidin, triazin, furan, 1,2-diazepin, oksazol, pyrazin, isoksazol, isoksazolin, tiazol, isotiazol, isotiazolin, indol, kinolin, isokinolin, benzimidazol, indazol, purin, pteridin, tiopyran eller tiofen.
Egnede fysiologisk godtagbare salter av forbindelsene med formel I er for eksempel alkalimetall-, jordalkalimetall-eller ammoniumsalter inkludert slike av organiske ammoniumbaser.
Med "monosakkarid" menes rester som D-glukuronyl, L-iduronyl, D—glukopyranosyl-, D-galaktopyranosyl, N-acetyl-D-glukosaminyl-, N-acetyl-D-galaktosaminyl-, D-mannopyranosyl- eller L—fukopyranosyl. Oligo- eller polysakkarider består av 2 til 20 av de ovenfor nevnte monosakkarider som er forbundet med hverandre på a- eller fi-O-glykosidisk måte. Bindingen mellom monosakkaridet og resten Y er a- eller B-glykosidisk. Egnede enzymer som bevirker spalting av glykosylresten fra resten Y er induronidase, glukosidase, galaktosidase, N-acetyl-D-glukosaminidase, N-acetyl-D-galaktosaminidase, mannosidase, fukosidase eller glukuronidase, fortrinnsvis fi-glukuronidase.
Som aktiv bestanddel egner seg forbindelser som antracyklin, fortrinnsvis doksorubicin, 4- epi-doksorubicin, 4- eller 4-deoksy-doksorubicin eller en forbindelse fortrinnsvis valgt fra gruppen etoposider, N-bis(2-kloretyl)-4-hydroksyanilin, 4-hydroksycyklo-fosfamid, vindesin, vinblastin, vinkristin, terfenadin, terbutalin, fenoterol, salbutamol, muskarin, oksyfenbutazon, salicylsyre, p-aminosalicylsyre, 5-fluoruracil, 5-fluorcytidin, 5- fluoruridin, metotreksat, diklofenac, flufenaminsyre, 4-metylaminofenazon, teofyllin, nifedipin, mitomycin C, mitoxantron, camptothecin, m-AMSA, taksol, nokodazol, kolchicin, cyklofosfamid, rachelmycin, cisplatin, melfalan, bleomycin, nitrogen-sennepsgass, fosforarnidsennepsgass, quercetin, genistein, erbstatin, tyrfostin, rohitukin-derivat ((-)-cis-5,6-dihydroksy-2-(2-klorfenyl)-8-[4-(3-hydroksy-1 -metyl)-piperidinyl]-4H-l-benzopyran-4-on; EP 0 366 061), retinolsyre, smørsyre, forbolester, aklacinomycin, progesteron, buserelin, tamoksifen, mifepriston, onapriston, N-(4-aminobutyl)-5 -klor-2-naftalen-sulfonamid, pyridinyloksazol-2-on, kinolyloksazolon-2-on, isokinolyloksazolon-2-on, staurosporin, verapamil, forskolin, 1,9-dideoksyforskolin, kinin, kinidin, reserpin, 18-0-(3,5-dimetoksy-4-hydroksybenzoyl)-reserpat, lonidamin, butioninsulfoksimin, dietylditiokarbamat, cyklosporin A, azatioprin, klorambucil, N-(4-trifluormetyl)-fenyl-2-cyano-3-hydroksykrotonsyreamid (WO 91 17748), 15-deoksyspergualin, FK 506, ibuprofen, indometacin, aspirin, sulfasalazin, penicillinamin, klorokvin, deksametason, prednisolon, lidokain, propafenon, prokain, mefemaminsyre, paracetamol, 4-aminofenazon, muskosin, orciprenalin, isoprenalin, amilorid, p—nitrofenylguanidinbenzoat eller derivater derav som er substituert med en eller flere hydroksy-, amino- eller iminogrupper.
Foretrukket er prodrugs, der den aktive bestanddel er et cytostatikum, en antimetabolitt, at den aktive bestanddel er 5-fluoruracil, 5-fluorcytidin, 5-fluoruridin, cytosinarabinosid eller metotreksat, at den aktive bestanddel er en i DNA interkalerende substans, at den aktive bestanddel er doksorubicin, daunomycin, idarubicin, epirubicin eller mitoxantron, at den aktive bestanddel hemmer topoisomerase I og II, at den aktive bestanddel er camptothecin, etoposid eller m-AMSA, at den aktive bestanddel er en tubulinhemmer, at den aktive bestanddel er vinkristin, vinblastin, vindesin, taksol, nokodazol eller kolchicin, at den aktive bestanddel er en alkylanz, at den aktive bestanddel er cyklofosfamid, mitomycin C, rachelmycin, cisplatin, fosforarnidsennepsgass, quercetin, melfalan, bleomycin, nitrogen-sennepsgass eller N-bis-(2-kloretyl)-4-hydroksyanilin, at den aktive bestanddel er neokarzinostatin, kalicheamicin, dynamicin eller esperarmicin A, at den aktive bestanddel er en ribosom-inaktiverende forbindelse, at den aktive bestanddel er verrucarin A, at den aktive bestanddel er en tyrosinfosfokinaseinhibitor, at den aktive bestanddel er quercetin, genistein, erbstatin, tyrfostin eller et rohitukin-derivat, at den aktive bestanddel er en differensieirngsinduktor, at den aktive bestanddel er retinolsyre, smørsyre, forbolester eller aklacinomycin, at den aktive bestanddel er et hormon, hormonagonist eller hormonantagonist, at den aktive bestanddel er progesteron, buserelin, tamoksifen, mifepriston eller onapriston, at den aktive bestanddel er et stoff som forandrer den pleiotrope resistens overfor cytostatika, at den aktive bestanddel er en kalmodulin-inhibitor, at den aktive bestanddel er en proteinkinase-C-inhibitor, at den aktive bestanddel er en P-glykoprotein-inhibitor, at den aktive bestanddel er en modulator for mitokondrialt, bundet heksokinase at den aktive bestanddel er en inhibitor for y-glutamylcystein-syntetase eller glutation-S-transferase, at den aktive bestanddel er en inhibitor for peroksyddismutase, at den aktive bestanddel er en inhibitor for det ved MAk Ki67-definerte proliferasjonsassosierte protein i cellekjernen i en celle som deler seg, at den aktive bestanddel er en substans som utøver en immunosuppressiv virkning, at den aktive bestanddel er et standard immunsuppressiv, at den aktive bestanddel er et makrolid, at den aktive bestanddel er cyklosporin A, rapamycin, FK 506, at den aktive bestanddel er azetioprin, metotreksat, cyklofosfamid eller klorambucil, at den aktive bestanddel er et stoff som har anti-inflammatorisk virkning, at den aktive bestanddel er et ikke-stereoid, anti-inflammatorisk stoff, at den aktive bestanddel er en "slow acting antirheumatic drug", at den aktive bestanddel er et steroid, at den aktive bestanddel er et stoff som har antiflogistisk, analgetisk eller antipyretisk virkning, at den aktive bestanddel er et derivat av en organisk syre, at den aktive bestanddel er et ikke-surt analgetikum/antiflogistikum, at den aktive bestanddel er oksyfenbutazon, at den aktive bestanddel er et lokalanestetikum, at den aktive bestanddel er et antiarytmikum, at den aktive bestanddel er en Ca^-antagonist, at den aktive bestanddel er et anti-histaminikum, at den aktive bestanddel er et sympatomimetikum, at den aktive bestanddel er et stoff med inhibitorisk virkning på den humane urokinase, og derivater av de ovenfor nevnte aktive bestanddeler hvorved den aktive bestanddel er bundet via en oksygenrest, -NH-rest eller iminorest til resten Y til forbindelsen med formel I.
Den aktive bestanddel er fortrinnsvis den i eksemplene nevnte nitrogenforbindelse, kinin eller dipyridamol.
Foretrukket er prodrugs der,
glykolsyl betyr en enzymatisk, avspaltbar glukuronsyre,
W betyr fenyl,
R betyr hydrogenatom, CN, nitro, fluor, klor, brom,
P erO,
n er et helt tall 0,1 eller 2,
Y betyr et oksygenatom,
Z betyr -N(CH3)-, -C(CH3)2-NH-, -CH(CH3)-NH-,
-C(CH3)2-N(Ci^)-alkyl-, -CH(CH3)-N(Ci^)alkyl- og
aktivt stoff av en via en hydroksy-, amino- eller iminogruppe tilknyttet forbindelse med biologisk virkning.
Særlig foretrukket er forbindelsene: 2-[>I-metyl-N-[(4-(N,Nl-bis-(2-klore fi-D-glukuronsyre, 2-[N-metyl-N-[(4-(N,N'-bis-(2-jodetyl)anim^ B-D-glukuronsyre,
Oppfinnelsen angår også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en forbindelse med formel I og som er kjennetegnet ved at en forbindelse med formel II, der restene glykosyl, Y, X, p, W, R, n og Z har den samme betydning som i formel I omsettes med en aktiv bestanddel som oppviser en aktivert karboksyl-, amino- eller iminorest, hvorved omsetningen skjer i nærvær av et oppløsningsmiddel fra gruppen acetonitril, dioksan, tetrahydrofuran, diklormetan, dimetylformamid, aceton, og at beskyttelsesgruppen deretter spaltes av hydrolytisk.
Aktiveringen av den aktive bestanddel skjer for eksempel i henhold til H.J. Marley i "Chem. Soc. Chem. Communication" (1987), sidene 112-113 og til H. Hagemann i "Angew. Chem.", 93 (1981), sidene 813-814. Avspaltningen av beskyttelsesgruppene skjer for eksempel med alkalimetall-lut, alkalimetallkarbonat, alkalimetallcyanid, bariumoksyd, piperidin eller morfolin i nærvær av metanol, etanol eller vann.
Oppfinnelsen angår også et legemiddel som kjennetegnes ved et virksomt innhold av minst en forbindelse med formel og/eller et fysiologisk godtagbart salt av en forbindelse med formel I, hvorved restene glykosyl, Y, X, p, W, R, n, Z og aktivt stoff er som angitt ovenfor, sammen med en farmasøytisk egnet og fysiologisk godtagbar bærer, tilsetningsstoff og/eller andre aktive bestanddeler eller hjelpestoffer.
På grunn av de farmakologiske egenskaper egner oppfinnelsens forbindelser seg fremragende for profylakse og terapi av alle slike sykdommer og forstyrrelser i hvis forløp intracellulære enzymer som kan spalte glykosylresten, overeksprimeres og/eller settes fri eller gjøres tilgjengelig ved celleødeleggelse. Dette gjelder fremfor alt sykdommer som kreft, autoimmunsykdommer eller betennelses-, immunologisk eller stoffskiftebetingede, akutte eller kroniske artritider og atropatier, særlig tumorsykdommer og reumatisk artritt.
Oppfinnelsen angår videre anvendelsen av forbindelsene med formel I for fremstilling av legemidler for profylakse og terapi av kreftsykdommer, autoimmunsykdommer og kroniske betennelsessykdommer som reumatisk artritt.
Oppfinnelsen angår også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et legemiddel som er kjennetegnet ved at man bringer minst en forbindelse med formel I sammen med en egnet og fysiologisk godtagbar bærer og eventuelt ytterligere aktive bestanddeler, tilsetnings- og hjelpestoffer på til en egnet administreringsform.
Egnede administreirngsformer er for eksempel injiserbare oppløsninger for hvis fremstilling det anvendes vanlige hjelpemidler som bærere, binde-, svelle- eller smøremidler eller oppløsningsformidlere. Som hyppig anvendte hjelpestoffer skal nevnes magnesiumkarbonat, titandioksyd, laktose, mannit og andre sukkere, talkum, melkeprotein, gelatin, stivelse, cellulose og derivater derav, animalske og vegetabilske oljer som levertran, solsikke-, jordnøtt- eller sesamolje, polyetylenglykol og oppløsningsmidler som sterilt vann og en- eller flerverdige alkoholer som glycerol. Det kan også anvendes liposomer eller humane proteiner som bærere.
Fortrinnsvis fremstilles og administreres de farmasøytiske preparater i doseringsenheter hvorved hver enhet som aktiv bestanddel inneholder en bestemt dose av oppfinnelsens forbindelser med formel I. Ved injeksjonsoppløsninger kan denne dose for voksne på ca. 70 kg utgjøre opptil for eksempel 10 g, fortrinnsvis dog mellom 3 og 5 g. Eventuelt kan det dog være nødvendig med høyere eller lavere dagsdoser. Administreringen av dagsdosene kan skje både ved en engangsadministrering i form av en enkelt doseringsenhet eller som flere mindre doseringsenheter, men også ved små deler oppdelte doser i bestemte intervaller.
Oppfinnelsens prodrugs kan anvendes også ved alle ikke-onkologiske sykdommer der makrofager, granulocytter og trombocytter, særlig i aktivert tilstand, forekommer. I aktivert tilstand skiller de ovenfor nevnte celler ut særlig intracellulære enzymer som muliggjør en stedsspesifikk aktivering av oppfinnelsens prodrugs.
Ved den onkologiske indikasjon skjer aktiveringen av oppfinnelsens prodrugs ved intracellulære enzymer som er satt fri fra døende tumorceller. Dette fenomen skjer fremfor alt ved større tumorer (diameter mer enn 0,3 cm), men også efter skade på tumoren ved behandling med immunotoksiner, cytostatika, bestråling, fusjonsproteiner eller antistoffenzymkonjugater.
Da glykoseandelen av oppfinnelsens prodrugs velges på en slik måte at den kun kan spaltes av, av lokalt frisatte enzymer under patofysiologiske betingelser, kan det lipofile medikament likeledes kun settes fri ved målvevet og der utfolde sin cytotoksiske virkning.
Man kan øke den overlegne virkning til en prodrug ifølge oppfinnelsen med cytotoksiske medikamentkomponenter ved at man kombinerer oppfinnelsens prodrug med en annen cytotoksiske medikamentkomponent. Herved er prodrugkombinasjoner av fordel, der det anvendes cytotoksiske komponenter med varierende aktivitets-mekanisme tilsvarende poly-kjemoterapien. Særlig egnet synes anvendelsen av aktive bestanddeler som fremkaller meget effektive enkeltstreng- og dobbeltstrengbrudd i DNA, for eksempel kalicheamicin. Av spesiell fordel er imidlertid oppfinnelsens prodrugkombinasjon der det ene medikamentet har et cytotoksisk potensial og det andre blokkerer multi-medikament-resistensen.
Videre angår oppfinnelsen et farmasøytisk preparat kjennetegnet ved at det inneholder en forbindelse med formel I og et antistoff-enzymkonjugat som enzymatisk kan spalte glykosylresten i formel I. Med antistoff-enzym-konjugater menes forbindelser som spesifikt binder til tumorvev eller betent vev via antistoffdelen og har en enzymdel som kan spalte glykosylresten til forbindelsen med formel I. Eksempler på slike forbindelser er beskrevet i EP 0 501 215, EP 0 390 530 eller EP 0 623 352.
Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere ved hjelp av de følgende eksempler.
Eksempel 1: Nitrogenlostderivat-prodrug (F373; forbindelse 11)
ble syntetisert på følgende måte:
Utgangsmaterialet for syntesen var 2-amino-4-nitrofenol (forbindelse 1). Forbindelse 1 ble først monometylert ved hjelp av metyljodid (forbindelse 2) og aminofunksjonen ble beskyttet som BOC-derivat (forbindelse 3). Den beskyttede glukuronsyre ble innført ved hjelp av sølvoksydkobling av forbindelse 3 og bromidet (forbindelse 4) under oppnåelse av forbindelse 5. Efter avspalting av BOC-beskyttelsesgruppen med HC1 ble aminet (forbindelse 6) oppnådd. Forbindelse 7 ble omsatt til klorformat (forbindelse 8) og kondensert med forbindelse 6 til forbindelse 9. Efter avspalting av esteren av glukuronsyredelen av forbindelse 3 i to trinn (MeONa/MeOH, så vandig NaOH) oppnådde man prodrug (forbindelse 11) over forbindelse 10.
Forbindelse 2:
2-(N-metylamino)-4-nitrofenol (2)
Til en oppløsning av 2-amino-4-nitrofenol (1) (1,54 g, 10 mmol) og metyljodid (1 ml, 16 mmol) i 10 ml metanol ble det satt trietylamin (2 ml, 14,4 mmol). Efter 1 time ved 40°C ble det tilsatt ytterligere 1 ml metyljodid og 1 ml trietylamin og det hele ble omrørt i ytterligere 2 timer ved 40°c. Reaksjonsblandingen ble dampet inn under vakuum til tørr tilstand, bragt i 2N vandig natriumacetatoppløsning og ekstrahert med eddikester. Den organiske fase ble tørket med natriumsulfat og kromatografert på silikagel med diklormetammetanol 95:5 som elueringsmiddel. Utbytte: 880 mg (52%).
C7H8N203:
Smeltepunkt: 148°C (toluen)
<!>h NMR (250 MHz, DMSO) 8 7,44 (dd, <J>orto<=>9 Hz, Jmeta<=>3>0 Hz»1H)» 7»13 (d> J=3
Hz, 1H), 6,77 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 2,76 (s, 3H).
IR (KBr): v(cm-<!>): 3363 (OH), 1538,1338 (N02).
MS (DCI, NH3): m/z [M+H]<+>: 169
Forbindelse 3:
2-(N-BOC,N-merylamino)-4-nitrofenol (3)
Til en oppløsning av 2-N-metylamino-4-nitrofenol (2) (4,18 g, 24,9 mmol) i 50 ml tetrahydrofuran ble det satt di-tert-butyldikarbonat (14 g, 64,15 mmol), kaliumkarbonat (17 g, 123 mmol) og 50 ml vann og det hele ble omrørt over natten ved romtemperatur. Reaksjonsblandingen ble surgjort med en mettet, vandig ammoniumkloridoppløsning, ekstrahert med eddikester, tørket med natriumsulfat og dampet inn under vakuum. Råproduktet ble omrørt i 2 timer i 100 ml metanol med kaliumkarbonat (17 g, 123 mmol), surgjort med en mettet, vandig ammoniumkloridoppløsning, ekstrahert med eddikester, tørket over natriumsulfat og dampet inn under vakuum. Produktet ble kromatografert på silikagel med diklormetan:metanol 97,5:2,5 som elueringsmiddel. Utbytte: 6,2 (93%)
<C>l2<H>i6<N>2<0>5<:>
Smeltepunkt: 197°C (toluen/petroleter)
<*>H NMR (250 MHz, DMSO) 8 8,10-8,00 (2H), 7,03 (d, J=8,5 Hz, 1H), 3,04 (s, 3H), 1,40-1,30 (9H). ;IR (KBr): vfcm"<1>): 3129 (OH), 1672 (CO), 1529,1339 (N02). ;MS (DCI, NH3): m/z [M+H]<+>: 269, ;[M+H-C4H8]<+>: 213, ;[M+H-C4H8OCO]<+>: 169. ;Forbindelse 5: ;2-(N-BOC,N-mer>lamino)-4-nitrofenyl-2,3,4-tri-0-acetyl-B-glukuronsyre.metylester (5) ;Til en oppløsning av 2,3,4,-tri-O-acetyl-a-D-glukuronsyre.metylesterbromid (4) (126 mg, 0,317 mmol) i 5 ml acetonitril ble det satt sølvoksyd (0,23 g, 0,992 mmol) og 2—(N-BOC,N-metylamino)-4-nitrofenol (3). Reaksjonsblandingen ble omrørt 1 time ved romtemperatur, filtrert over Celite og dampet inn under vakuum. Produktet ble kromatografert på silikagel med diklormetan:metanol 97,5:2,5 som elueringsmiddel. Utbytte: 165 mg (89%). ;<C>25<H>32<N>20l4<:>;Smeltepunkt: 80°C (toluen/petroleter) ;[<x]2D° = "39° (c=l,02 i CHC13) ;<!>h NMR (250 MHz, CDCI3): 8 8,11 (dd, Jorto^ <Hz>> <J>meta<=>2»5 Hz>1H)> 8,15-8,05 ;(1H), 7,30-7,20 (1H), 5,45-5,30 (4H), 4,25 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 3,73 (s, 3H), 3,13 (s, 3H), 2,15-2,05 (9H), 1,65-1,40 (9H). ;IR (CDCI3): v(cm-<l>): 1760 (CO, ester), 1699 (CO, karbamat), 1529,1349 (N02). ;MS (DCI, NH3): m/z [M+NH4]+: 602 ;Forbindelse 6: 2-(N-metylamino)-4-nitrofenyl-2,3,4-tri-0-acetyl-B-D-glukuronsyre.metylester (6) En oppløsning av 2-(N-BOC,N-metylamino)-4-nitrofenyl-2,3,4-tir-0-acetyl-B-D-glukuronsyre.metylester (5) (3 g, 5,13 mmol) i 60 ml 2,12M saltsyre i eddikester ble omrørt 1 time ved romtemperatur. Oppløsningen ble helt i overskytende, vandig, mettet natriumbikarbonatoppløsning og ekstrahert med eddikester. Den organiske fase ble tørket med natriumsulfat og dampet inn. Produktet ble kromatografert på silikagel med diklormetan:metanol 97,5:2,5 som elueringsmiddel. ;Utbytte: 2,14 g (86%) i form av et gult faststoff. ;<C>20<H>24<N>2°12<:>;Smeltepunkt: 120°C (toluen) ;[cc]<2>d° = -58° (c=l,04 i CHC13). ;<!>h NMR (250 MHz, CDCI3): 5 7,53 (dd, <J>orto=8.5 Hz» Jmeta=2>5 Hz>1H). 7>37 (d>;J=2,5 Hz, 1H), 6,91 (d, J=8,5 Hz, 1H), 5,45-5,30 (1H), 5,16 (d, J=7Hz, b, 1H), 4,50 (d, J=5 Hz, 1H), 4,24 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 3,75 (s, 3H), 2,90 (d, J=5 Hz, 1H), 2,10-2,05 (9H). ;IR (CDCI3): v(cm-<l>): 3443 (NH), 1758 (CO), 1553,1346 (N02). ;MS (DCI, NH3): m/z [M+H]<+>: 485. ;Forbindelse 8: ;4-[N,N-bis-(2-kloretyl)amino]fenylklorformat (8) ;Fosgen i toluen (1,93M) (8 ml, 15,4 mmol) ble satt til en suspensjon av 4-[N,N-bis(2-kloretyl)amino]fenol.hydroklorid (7) (1,85 mmol) i 30 ml tetrahydrofuran og omrørt i 30 minutter ved 0°C. Efter tilsetning av trietylamin (1 ml, 7,17 mmol) ble det omrørt en ytterligere time. Derefter ble suspensjonen filtrert og dampet inn under vakuum ved romtemperatur. Flashkromatografi over silikagel med diklormetan som elueringsmiddel ga produktet som farveløs væske som umiddelbart ble benyttet i den derpå følgende reaksjon. Utbyttet var 70%. ;<!>h NMR (250 MHz, CDCI3): 8 7,10 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 6,66 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 3,73 (t, ;J=6,5 Hz, 4H), 3,63 (t, J=6,5 Hz, 4H). ;IR (CDCI3): v(cm-<l>): 1779 (CO), 1514 (aromatisk). ;MS (DCI, NH3): m/z [M+H]<+>: 296 ;[M+2+H]<+>: 298. ;Forbindelse 9: 2-[N-metyl-N-[4-(N,N'-bis-(2-kloretyl)amino]fenyloksykarbonyl]amino]-4-nitrofenyl-2,3,4-tri-0-acetyl-B-D-glukuronsyre.metylester (9) ;Til en oppløsning av 4-[N,N-bis-(2-kloretyl)amino)fenylklorformat (8) (0,31 g, 1,04 mmol) i tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), diisopropyletylamin (0,25 ml, 1,44 mmol) ble det satt 2-(N-metylamino)-4-nitrofenyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-B-D-glukurons<y>re.met<y>lester (6) ;(0,50 g, 1,03 mmol) og det hele ble kokt i 2 timer under tilbakeløp. Efter avkjøling til romtemperatur ble det hele dampet inn. Produktet ble kromatografert på silikagel med diklormetan:metanol 97,5:2,5 som elueringsmiddel. Utbytte: 487 mg (64%). ;<C>31<H>35<N>3<O>14<CI>2<:>;Smeltepunkt: 101 °C (metanol) ;[a]<2>D° = "47° (o=l,10 i CHCI3). ;<l>HNMR(250MHz,CDCl3): 8 8,25-8,15 (2H), 7,45-7,35 (1H), 7,25-7,05 (1H), 6,95-6,85 (1H), 6,70-6,55 (2H), 5,45-5,25 (4H), 4,28 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 3,80-3,55 (11H), 3,38 (s, 2 diastereomere karbamater (40:60), 3H), 3,27(s), 2,20-2,00 (9H). ;IR (CDCI3): v(cm-<!>): 1760 (CO, ester), 1722 (CO, karbamat), 1530,1350 (NO2). ;MS (DCI, NH3): m/z [M+H]<+>: 744; [M+2+H]<+>: 746; ;[M+Na]<+>: 766; [M+2+Na]<+>: 768. ;Forbindelse 10: 2-[N-metyl-N-[(4-(N,N'-bis-(2-kIoretyl)amino)fenyloksykarbonyl]amino]-4-nitrofenyl-B-D-glukuronsyre.metylester (10) ;Til en suspensjon av 2-[N-metyl-N-[(4-(N,N'-bis-(2-kloretyl)amino)fenyloksy-karbonyl]aniino]-4-mtrofenyl-2,3,4-tri-0-acetyl-B-D-glu]aironsyre.metylester (9) (68 mg, 0,0915 mmol) i 5 ml metanol ble det ved 15°C satt natriummetylat (2 mg, 0,037 mmol) og deretter omrørt i 6 timer ved —15°C. Efter nøytralisering med ionebytter (Amberlite IRC-50S) og filtrering ble oppløsningen dampet inn og kromatografert på silikagel med eddikester som elueringsmiddel. ;Utbytte: 50 mg (89%). ;<C>25<H>29<N>3<O>11<CI>2<: ><i>H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): 5 8,22 (sl, 1H), 8,16 (d, J=8,5 Hz, 1H), 7,25 (d, 1H), ;7,15-6,90 (2H), 6,80-6,45 (2H), 5,06 (1H), 4,09 (1H), 4,20-3,15 (17H). ;IR (CDCI3): v(cm-<!>): 3601, 3448 (OH), 1714 (CO), 1528, 1349 (NO2). ;MS (ES): m/z [M+Na]<+>: 640; [M+2+Na]<+>: 642. ;Forbindelse 11: 2-[N-metyl-N-[(4-(N,N'-bis-(2-kloretyl)amino)fenyloksykarbonyl]amino]-4-nitrofenyl-B-D-glukuronsyre (11) Til en oppløsning av forbindelse 10 (50 mg, 0,0809 mmol) i 4 ml aceton ble det ved —15°C satt 0,3 ml av IN vandig natriumhydroksydoppløsning. Blandingen ble omrørt i 2 timer ved —15°C, nøytralisert med IN vandig saltsyre og dampet inn under vakuum (T < 40°C). Produktet ble kromatografert på silikagel med acetonitril:vann 9:1 som elueringsmiddel. ;Utbyttet var 45 mg (89%). ;<C>24<H>27<N>3<O>11<CI>2<: ><!>H NMR (250 MHz, CD3OD): 8,30 (sl, 1H), 8,24 (dd, J0rto<=>9 Hz>Jmeta<=>2>5 Hz>;1H), 7,52 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 6,99 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 6,99 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 5,23 (1H), 3,89 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 3,80-3,33 (1H). ;IR (KR): v^rrr<1>): 3418 (OH), 1705 (CO), 1516,1349 (N02). ;MS (ES): m/z [M+H]<+>: 603 ;[M+2+H]<+>: 605. ;Eksempel 2: 2-[N-metyl-N-[(4-(N^'-bis-(2-jodetyl)amino)fenyloksy-karbonyl]amino]-4-nitrofenyl-B-D-glukuronsyre (12) ;Forbindelse 12: ;;Syntesen skjedde analogt eksempel 1. ;Eksempel 3 ;Forbindelse 13: Kimn-prodrug (F 391) ;;Syntesen skjedde analogt eksempel 1. ;Eksempel 4 (forbindelse 14): Dipyridamol-prodrug (F 392) ;;Syntesen skjedde analogt eksempel 1. ;Eksempel 5: Enzymatisk spalting av F 373 ;Prodrug F 373 (forbindelse 11) ble ved inkubering med fl—glukuronidase spaltet enzymatisk til et aromatisk nitrogenlostderivat (4-[N,N-bis(2-kloretyl)amino]fenol) ;(forbindelse 7), glukuronsyre og spaceren. ;F 373 —* glukuronsyre +
Prodrug F 373 er i stabil i oppløsning i vandig DMSO. For åundersøke spaltbarheten ble 10 ul F 373-oppløsning (5 mg/ml i DMSO) tilsatt 180 ul 0.02M fosfatbuffer, pH 7,2, og
10 ul E.coli-fl-glukuronidase (Sigma) (330 Mg/ml) og det hele ble inkubert ved 37°C. En sats på 25 ul ble fortynnet med 225 ul 0,1M fosfatbuffer, pH 3,0 (85%) og acetonitril
(15%) og analysert umiddelbart ved hjelp av det følgende HPLC-system.
HPLC-system:
Det anvendte HPLC-systemet bestod av en gradientpumpe (Gynkotek, modell 480), en autosamler (Abimed, modell 231/401), en UV-detektor (Beckman, modell 166, deteksjonsbølgelengde 212 nm) og en beregningsenhet (Beckman, system Gold). Separeringen skjedde på en RP-søyle (Zorbax SB-C 18,5 nm, 125 x 4,6 mm). Den mobile fase ble dannet fra to komponenter efter følgende skjema:
A: acetonitril
B: 0,02M fosfatbuffer, pH 3,0
Man fant følgende peak-flater:
Eksempel 6: Cytotoksisitet for F 373,391,392 på tumorceller i nær- og fravær av
B-glukuronidase
I en 96-brønners mikrotiterplate ble det sådd ut 2 x IO<3> LoVo-celler pr. brønn i 100 ul MEM +10% FKS. Efter 24 timer ble testsubstansene tilsatt i 100 ul medium i de ønskede konsentrasjoner og eventuelt i tillegg B-glukuronidase (50 ug/ml sluttkonsentrasjon; Sigma G 7896). Hver gruppe bestod av 4 brønner, kontrollen ble inkubert kun med medium. Efter 65 timer ble det tilsatt 50 ul MTT (2,5 mg/ml i PBS) og efter 3 timer ble supernatanten fjernet. Det av de levende celler dannede faststoff ble oppløst ved tilsetning av 100 ul DMSO pr. brønn. Ekstinksjonen ble målt for hver brønn ved hjelp av et Multiscan-fotometer 340 CC (firma Flow) ved 492 nm. Verdiene for de 4 brønner pr. gruppe ble fastslått og derfrå beregnet man dosis-virkningskurven samt IC50 ved hjelp av Software grafitt 3,0.
Den toksiske forbindelse i prodrug F 373 er forbindelse 7 (eksempel 1, side 13) og har alene gitt en IC50 på 5 umol. Den toksiske forbindelse i prodrug F 391 er kinin og ga alene en IC50 på 103 umol. Den toksiske forbindelse i prodrug F 393 er dipyridamol og ga alene en IC5 Q-verdi på 43 umol.
Claims (8)
1.
Forbindelse, karakterisert ved formel (I)
Glykosyl-Y[-C(=Y)-X-]p-W(R)n-Z-C(=Y)-virkestoff(I)
og/eller fysiologisk godtagbare salter av forbindelsen med formel I, der glykosyl står for et enzymatisk, avspaltbart poly-, oligo-eller monosakkarid,
W står for 1) 5- til 14-leddet aromatisk rest, 2) naftyl, 3) indenyl, 4) antryl, 5) fenantryl, 6) en 5- til 14-leddet heterocyklisk rest med 1,2,3 eller 4 heteroatomer fra gruppen oksygen, nitrogen eller svovel, 7) Ci-6-alkyl, 8) <C>2-6-alkenyl, 9) C3_6-cykloalkyl eller 10) fenyl,
R står for 1) hydrogenatom, 2) Ci^-alkyl, 3) fenyl, 4) metoksy, 5) karboksy, 6) metyloksykarbonyl, 7) -CN, 8) -OH, 9) -N02, 10) halogen som fluor, klor eller brom, 11) sulfonyl, 12) sulfonamid eller 13) sulfon-Cj—C4-alkylamid,
p står for 0 eller 1,
n står for 0,1,2 eller 3,
X står for 1) oksygenatom, 2) -NH-, 3) metylenoksy, 4) metylenamino, 5) metylen-Ci—4-alkylamino, 6) Ci~C4-alkylamino eller 7) C3—C6-cykloalkylamino,
Y står for oksygenatom eller -NH-,
Z står for 1) Ci^-alkylamino, 2) -N(CH3)-, 3) -C(CH3)2-NH-, 4) -CH(CH3)-NH-, 5) -C(CH3)2-N(R<2>)-, der R<2> betyr C^-alkyl, eller 6) -NH-, når W betyr C ^-alkyl, og
virkestoff (aktiv bestanddel) står for en forbindelse med biologisk virkning og som er bundet via en oksygenrest, en primær eller sekundær aminorest eller en iminorest.
2.
Forbindelse med formel (I) ifølge krav 1, karakterisert v e d at
W betyr fenyl,
R betyr hydrogenatom, CN, nitro, fluor, klor, brom,
P erO,
n er et helt tall 0,1 eller 2,
Y betyr et oksygenatom,
Z betyr -N(CH3)-, -C(CH3)2-NH-, -CH(CH3)-NH-, -C(CH3)2-N(C i^)-alkyl-, -CH(CH3)-N(C !_4)alkyl-.
3.
Forbindelse med formel (I) ifølge krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert v e d at forbindelsen med formel (I) er 2-(^-metyl-N-[(4-(N,N'-bis-(2-kloretyl)amino)fenyloksykarbonyl]amino]-4-nitrofenyl-B-D-glukuronsyre eller 2-[N-metyl-N-[(4-(N,N,-bis-(2-jodetyl)amino)fenyloksykarbonyl]amino]-4-nitrofenyl-B-D-glukuronsyre,
4.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en forbindelse med form (I), karakterisert ved at en forbindelse med formel (II)
Glykosyl-Y-[-C(=Y)-X-]p-W(R)n-Z(n)
der restene glykosyl, Y, X, p, W, R, n og Z har den samme betydning som i formel (I), omsettes med en aktiv bestanddel som har en aktivert karboksyl-, amino- eller iminorest, hvorved omsetningen skjer i nærvær av et opp løsningsmiddel fra gruppen acetonitril, dioksan, tetrahydrofuran, diklormetan, dimetylformamid, aceton, og at beskyttelsesgruppen derefter spaltes av hydrolytisk.
5.
Legemiddel, karakterisert ved et virksomt innhold av minst en forbindelse med formel (I) i henhold til ett eller flere av kravene 1 til 3 og/eller et fysiologisk godtagbart salt av forbindelsen med formel (I), hvorved restene glykosyl, Y, X, p, W, R, n, Z og aktivt stoff har den samme betydning som i krav 1, sammen med en farmasøytisk egnet og fysiologisk godtagbar bærer, et tilsetningsstoff og/eller andre aktive bestanddeler eller hjelpestoffer.
6.
Anvendelse av forbindelsen med formel (I) ifølge krav 1 for fremstilling av legemidler for profylakse og terapi av kreftsykdommer, autoimmunsykdommer og kroniske betennelsessykdommer som reumatisk artritt.
7.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et legemiddel, karakterisert v e d at man bringer minst en forbindelse med formel (I) ifølge krav 1 sammen med et farmasøytisk egnet og fysiologisk godtagbar bærer og eventuelt ytterligere egnede aktive bestanddeler, tilsetnings- eller hjelpestoffer, på en egnet administreirngsform.
8.
Farmasøytisk preparat, karakterisert ved at det inneholder en forbindelse med formel (I) ifølge ett eller flere av kravene 1 til 3 og et antistoff-enzym-konjugat som enzymatisk kan spalte glykosylresten i formel (I).
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KR20210028544A (ko) | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-12 | 주식회사 레고켐 바이오사이언스 | 인간 ror1에 대한 항체를 포함하는 항체 약물 접합체 및 이의 용도 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5284856A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1994-02-08 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Oncogene-encoded kinases inhibition using 4-H-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives |
DE3836676A1 (de) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-03 | Hoechst Ag | Die verwendung von 4h-1-benzopyran-4-on-derivaten, neue 4h-1-benzopyran-4-on-derivate und diese enthaltende arzneimittel |
DE69019959T2 (de) * | 1989-01-23 | 1995-10-05 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Ortspezifische in-vivo-aktivierung von therapeutischen arzneimitteln. |
DE4106389A1 (de) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-03 | Behringwerke Ag | Fusionsproteine zur prodrug-aktivierung, ihre herstellung und verwendung |
KR100188801B1 (ko) * | 1990-05-18 | 1999-06-01 | 엥겔하르트 라피체 | 이속사졸-4카복스아미드 및 하이드록시알킬리덴 시아노아세트아미드 및 이들 화합물을 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
FR2676058B1 (fr) * | 1991-04-30 | 1994-02-25 | Hoechst Lab | Prodrogues glycosylees, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation dans le traitement des cancers. |
EP0538799B1 (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1995-03-15 | TUNGSRAM Részvénytársaság | Single-capped low-pressure discharge lamp |
DE4233152A1 (de) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-04-07 | Behringwerke Ag | Antikörper-Enzym-Konjugate zur Prodrug-Aktivierung |
CA2081281A1 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-04-24 | Shing-Ming Wang | Activation of glucuronide prodrugs by ligand-beta-glucuronidase conjugates for chemotherapy |
DE4236237A1 (de) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-04-28 | Behringwerke Ag | Prodrugs, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung als Arzneimittel |
DE4314556A1 (de) * | 1993-05-04 | 1994-11-10 | Behringwerke Ag | Modifizierte Antikörperenzymkonjugate und Fusionsproteine sowie ihre Anwendung zur tumorselektiven Therapie |
EP0647450A1 (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-04-12 | BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft | Improved prodrugs for enzyme mediated activation |
DE4417865A1 (de) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-11-23 | Behringwerke Ag | Kombination von Tumornekrose-induzierenden Substanzen mit Substanzen, die durch Nekrosen aktiviert werden, zur selektiven Tumortherapie |
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1997
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- 1997-02-27 AT AT97103162T patent/ATE316799T1/de active
- 1997-02-27 EP EP97103162A patent/EP0795334B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 ES ES97103162T patent/ES2257756T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 DK DK97103162T patent/DK0795334T3/da active
- 1997-02-27 DE DE59712561T patent/DE59712561D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-03-11 BR BRPI9701248A patent/BRPI9701248B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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