LV10342B - Method and device for measurement in foaming liquid - Google Patents
Method and device for measurement in foaming liquid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LV10342B LV10342B LVP-92-309A LV920309A LV10342B LV 10342 B LV10342 B LV 10342B LV 920309 A LV920309 A LV 920309A LV 10342 B LV10342 B LV 10342B
- Authority
- LV
- Latvia
- Prior art keywords
- milk
- measured
- measuring
- mass
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 16
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract 49
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 49
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 49
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 claims 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020243 first infant milk formula Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- 101100066898 Mus musculus Flna gene Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101100366940 Mus musculus Stom gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 241001307210 Pene Species 0.000 description 5
- 101150096418 Mepe gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- QXOQNNAWFUXKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(Malonylamino)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=O)NC1(C(O)=O)CC1 QXOQNNAWFUXKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000213578 camo Species 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001089215 Notomys Species 0.000 description 2
- 101150115538 nero gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010007134 Candida infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000201986 Cassia tora Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100129232 Danio rerio mafaa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100172788 Escherichia coli (strain K12) sbcB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001191378 Moho Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001553014 Myrsine salicina Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007027 Oral Candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000287411 Turdidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003984 candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150089710 cpeA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150013110 katG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 231100001143 noxa Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- NCAIGTHBQTXTLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phentermine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)([NH3+])CC1=CC=CC=C1 NCAIGTHBQTXTLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G17/00—Apparatus for or methods of weighing material of special form or property
- G01G17/04—Apparatus for or methods of weighing material of special form or property for weighing fluids, e.g. gases, pastes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/52—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring the height of the fluid level due to the lifting power of the fluid flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
Landscapes
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Arrangements Characterized By The Use Of Fluids (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
LV10342
Cnocoč m ydpoiicTBO απλ προβθαθημα M3MepeHnii b
ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟίί JKMflKOCTM
OnncaHue 25 Μ3ο6ρθτθημθ KacaeTCfi cnocoOa απα προβθαθημη M3MepeHJiii b neHMCTblX >KMAKOCTflX, npn KOTOpOM B COpepKaiABMCH B eMKOCTM JKMAKOCTM Ha ΗΘΟΚΟΠΒΚΜΧ pa3W1HHblX ypOBHflX ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ Μ3ΜΘΡ3Ι0Τ 3aBMCBlUyiO OT ΟΑΗΟΓΟ M3 napaMeTpOB >KMflKOCTM M3M0paeMyK) 30 Be/nisiiHy (lm)· Μ3ο5ρθτθημθ Kacaeica τβιοκθ ycTpoūcTBa f\nn ΠρΟΒΘΑΘΗΜΒ Μ3ΜθρθΗΜΜ B ΠΘΗΜΟΤΜΧ >KMAKOCTflX, B MaCTHOCTM, B ΟΜΘΟΗΧ
MonoKo/eo3Ayx, coflep>Kamee eMKocrb, a τβιοκβ no MeHbuietf Mepe oaho M3MepMTenbHOe yCTpOMCTBO, C nOMOlMbK) KOTOporo HJ1H KOTOpblX H3 HBCKonbKnx pa3nnHHbix ypoBHnx bmkoctm μοχθτ 6biTb M3MepeHa 35 3aBncmua« οτ οαηογο M3 napaMeTpOB copepKameiicfl β θμκοοτμ >kmakoctm M3MepaeMaa βθπμημηβ (lm)· Μ3ο6ρθτθημθ ocoSbhho ηβχοαμτ 2 ΠρΜΜΘΗΘΗΜΘ ΠΡΜ Μ3ΜθρβΗΜΜ MaCCbl ΜΠΜ ΠΟΤΟΚβ ΠΘΗΜΟΤΜΧ ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤθίί, Β
HacTHOCTn; μοποκθ. ΠρΜ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΜ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒβ ΜΟΠΟΚβ Ha KpeCTbBHCKOM flBOpe ΜΠΜ Β ΜΟΠΟΗΗΟΜ Χ03ΠΜ0ΤΒΘ MHT©pecy0T MaCCa MOJlOKa. ri03T0My npaBUHbHblM ΜΘΤΟβΟΜ 6binO 6bl Β3ΒΘΙΙΙΜΒ3ΗΜβ Μ0Π0Κ3, HTOSbl TOHHO OnpeflenMTb
Maccy MonoKa. Οαηθκο τοηηοθ b3B3lumb3hm3 Monoxa b cypoBoii ΠΟΒΟββΗΘΒΗΟίί ρββΟΤΘ Β ΧΠΘΒΘΧ Ha KpGCTb3HCKMX flBOpaX ΤΘΧΗΜΗΘΟΚΜ OHBHb ΟΠΟΧΗΟ, Β HaCTHOCTM, ΘΟΠΜ AOHJKHbl MCn0nb30BaTbCfl TOflbKO He6onbuine, bo3mo>kho MočunbHbie ycTpoMCTBa αππ μ3μθρθημπ KonunecTBa MonoKa. ΠρΜ ncnonb30BaHMM ποαο6ηογο pofla B3BeiUMBaiOlUMX yCTpOMCTB CMnOBbie B03fl9MCTBMB ΠΟβΚΠΙΟΜΘΗΗ^Χ nOflBOflfUMMX M OTBOflBUļMX ΙΠΠ3ΗΓ0Β, ΚΜΗΘΤΜΗΘΟΙΟΗ ΒΗβρΓΜΗ ny/ibCMpyiomero ηθαοθηηογο MonoKa, BMSpauMM b pe3ynbiaTe HeoCTOpo)KHoro oāpaiMeHMH, HeropM30HTanbHan M3MepMTenbHan 6a3a, npo6neMbl OHMCTKM BO BHyTpeHHMX M3MepMTenbHblX KaMepaX C nOMOlMbK) ypaBHMTenbHbix mnaHroB m.t.a. ποβπθκπμ 6bi 3a co6oii 3HaHMTenbHbie npo6neMbi m norpeujHocTM M3MepeHMH. no3TOMy HeyflMBMTenbHO, hto Β3ΒΘΙΙΙΜΒΒΙ01βΜθ CMCTeMbl ΑΠΠ Μ3ΜβρβΗΜΠ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒβ Μ0Π0Κ3 Ηθ ΜΟΓΠΜ MMeTb ycnexa βηθ HayHHO-MceneAOBaTenbCKMx MHCTMTyToe β KpeCTbflHCKOM ΠΟΒΟββΗΘΒΗΟΜ πρβΚΤΜΚΘ. npaKTMHecKM Bce M3BecTHbie β HacTOflmee Bpeiv/m npn6opbi αππ Μ3μθρθημλ KonnwecTBa Μοποκβ nbnaioTCfl OnpeflenMTb Maccy HafloeHHoro Μοποκβ c nOMOUļbio μ3μθρθημη o6teMa. 3flecb μ3βθοτημ npnSopbi, KOTOpbie, Hanpuiviep, οοββρχβτ ηθποαβμ>κηο ycTaHOBneHHbie Ha flonnbHOM CTaHKe θμκοοτμ αππ μ3μθρθημπ κοπμηθοτββ MonoKa, μπμ npn60pbl, npM MCnonb30BaHMM KOTOpblX MaCTb nOTOKa MOAOKa OTBOflMTCfl m M3MepaeTca. y>xe M3BecTHbi Tax Ha3biBaeMbie pacxoflOMepbi, KOTOpbie pa6oTaiOT πθρμοαμηθοκμ β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c 3arpy3Koii μπμ ocymecrBnniOT HenpepbIBHOe Μ3ΜβρθΗΜβ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒβ. ΠρΜΜθρ nepBOrO TMna Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ Μ3ΒΘ0ΤΘΗ M3 ΒΒΙΠΟ)ΚΘΗΗθίί 3anBKM ΦΡΓ N9 3005489, npM κοτοροΜ ηβαοθηηοθ μοποκο noAaeTcn b 6onbujyio CTauMOHapHyio eMKocTb. B cTauMOHapHOM θμκοοτμ pacnOnO>KeH M3M6pMTenbHblM 30HA, KOTOpbIM ΜΜΘΘΤ HBCKOnbKO pacnono>KeHHbix Ha oamh3kobom paccTOHHMM no Bbicoie APyr HaA ApyroM M3MepMTenbHblX 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β, KOTOpbie B3aMMOAeMCTByiOT C ΟβίβΜΜ CTaUMOHapHbIM npOTMBOnOnO>KHblM 3ΠΘΚΤρ0Α0Μ. ΠρΜ T3K0M ΟΠΟΟΟβθ Μ3ΜΘρθΗΜπ Mcnonb3yeTcn cbomctbo MonoKa, 3aKniOHaioiueeca β tom, hto LV10342 3 OHO ϋΜΘΘΤ OTHOCMTenbHO 60flblijyi0 npOBOflMMOCTb ΠΟ CpaBHOHmO c Μ3θΠΒτοροΜ B03flyxoM, HToObi 6naroAapfl um<miHecKOMy πρΜποχβΗΜίο 3ΠΘΚτρΐ/ΐΜΘ0Κ0Γ0 nona κ pa3nnHHbiM βπβκτροΑβΜ onpeAenaTb, Lienu Κ3ΚΜΧ 9ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β ΠΟ ΠρΜΗΜΗΘ CTOBHMfl ypOBHfl ΜΟΠΟΚβ \ΟΚΘ 3aMKHyTbl. 5 TaKMM o6pa30M, onpamneaBTCB KaxAaa uenb θπθκτροαοβ Ha πρβΑΜβτ anbTepHaTMBHoro peujeHMfl b tom CMbione, mto pacnonoxeHHbie ημχθ ypOBHB MOnOKa Lienu 3ΠΘΚΤρθΑΟΒ BblAaiOT ΜΗφΟρΜβΙΙΜΚ) ”Aa - Iļenb 3aMKHyia”, b to βρθμα kbk pacnono>KeHHbie Bbiiue ypoBHa MonoKa Lienu 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β BblAaiOT ΜΗφΟρΜβΑΜΙΟ ”ΗΘΤ - ΑΘΠΜ pa30MKHyTbl”.
10 EnaroAapa naT6HTy CIJLIA N2 3530711 coBepiueHHO b APyroM oānacTM, a μμθηηο, b o6nacTM ηθΦτβημχ οκβθχμη, μ3βθοτθη TaioKe cnoco6 οπρθΑθπβΗΜΒ cocTaBHbix nacTeii pa3nnHHbix TeKynMx cpeA, a ΜΜβΗΗΟ, BOAbl, ΗβφΤΜ M ra3a. B M3MepMTe/lbHOM Tpy6e, B KOTOpOM ΜΟΧβΤ OTCTaneaTbCB B3flTaa npo6a, βοπθαοτβμθ μθγο no πρμμμηθ pa3riMHHbix 15 πποτΗΟοτβίί o6pa3yioTC5i Tpn pa3AeneHHbix cnoa n τθμ caMbiM Asa rpaHMHHbix cnoB, npeAycMOTpeHbi CMemeHHbie no BbicoTe APyr OTHOCMTenbHO APyra aneKTpoAti c οΘιαμμ προτμβοποποχηημ 3πβκτροΑθΜ. BneKTpoAbi unKnunecKU onpauiMBatoTca c noMOuibio ΠβρβΜβΗΗΟΓΟ HanpflXeHMB Μ ΟΟΟΤΒβΤΟΤΒβΗΗΟ Μ3ΜβρΒβΤΟΒ eMKOCTb. ΠΟ 20 npHHHHe pa3nMHHblX ΑΚΘΠβΚΤρΜΗβΟΚΜΧ nOCTOBHHblX BOAbl, ΗβφΤΜ H ra3a ΜΟΧΗΟ TaKMM 06pa30M Ha rpaHMHHblX CJ10flX Ha OCHOBaHMM CKaHKa no ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗβ Μ3ΜβρβΗΗΟΜ βΜΚΟΟΤΜ ΟΠρβΑβΠΒΤΒ ΠΟΠΟΧβΗΜβ cooTBeTCTByiomMx rpaHMMHbix cnoee μ τθμ caMbiM eenMHMHy cooTBeTCTByiomero o6beMa. 25 H3 naTeHTa ClilA N2 3370466 yxe Μ3ΒβοτβΗ TaioKe cnoco6 οπρβΑθπβΗΜΗ KonMHecTBa Asyx pacnonoxeHHbix chobmm Apyr ηθα ApyroM ranbBaHMHeCKMX ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤβΜ (ΧΜΑΚΜΧ ΜβΤβΠΠΟΒ) C ρ33ΠΜΗΗ0Μ yAenbHOM npOBOAMMOCTbK). B ΜβρΗΟΜ C0CyA6 ΟΟΟΤΒβΤΟΤΒβΗΗΟ Ha oamhbkobom yAaneHMii no BbicoTe Apyr ot APyra pacnonoxeHo HecKonbKO nap 30 βπβκτροΑΟΒ, κ KOTopbiM LiMKJiMHecKM npMKnaAbiBaeTca ποοτοηηηοθ HanpBxeHne. MexAy cneAy»omMMM Apyr 3a APyroM napaMM aneicrpoAOB, MexAy KOTopbiMM ycTaHaBnMBaeTCfl CKanoK 3/ιβκτρΜΗβοκοίί yAenbHoii npOBOAMMOCTM, ρβΟΠΟΠΟΧΘΗβ ΟΠρβΑβΠΗβΜβΗ rpaHMLļa ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΜ. M3 naTeHTa CUJA N2 4450722 yxe μ3βθοτη3 τβιοκβ M3MepnTenbHaB 35 CMCTOMa ΑΠΒ Μ3ΜβρβΗΜΒ ypOBHfl ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΜ B 11ΜΠΜΗΑΡΘ, b κοτοροίί Ha npoTMBononoxHbix οτοροΗβχ ceeTonpoHMuaeMoro M3MepMTenbHoro UMnMHApa pacnonoxeHbi HaxoA«uiMecB ΟΟΟΤΒβΤΟΤΒβΗΗΟ Ha OAMHaKOBbix 4 paccTOHHMflx no BbicoTe flpyr Hafl ApyroM mctohhmkm KpacHoro-3eneHoro CBeia, a τβιοκβ HyBCTBMTenbHbie θπθμθητη KpacHoro-3eneHoro ceeTa. Ha t3kmx M3MepmenbHbix yHacTKax, κοτορ^θ pacnono>KeHbi ημχθ ypoBH?i BOflbi, a6cop6MpyeTcn KpacHan cocTaBnniomaH ceeTa, τβκ hto cpaāaTbiBaiOT τοπβκο HyBCTBMTenbbie 3πβΜβΗπ>ι 3Θπθηογο ceeTa n BbipaSaTbiBaeTca 3θπθηνμ cnrHan. Ha τθχ μ3μθρμτθπβημχ yMacTKax, KOTopbie pacnonoxeHbi Bbiiue ypoBH& BOflbi, HanpOTMB, Bbipa6aTbiBaiOTca xax 3Θπθηβιμ, τβκ m KpacHbitf cnmanbī. TaKUM o6pa30M, ποπβπθημθ nnn μοηθ3ηοβθημθ KpacHoro cnrHana CBMfl0TeilbCTByeT 0 TOM, HTO Me)Kfly 3Τ11ΜΜ ypOBHHMM flOfDKHa pacnonoraTbca ποβθρχηοοτβ BOflbi. M3 Bbmo>KeHHbix 3aaBOK ΦΡΓ Ns Ns 1607007 n 1632938 yxe M3B6CTHbi τβιοκθ ycTpoiiCTBa απ* M3MepeHna KonunecTBa MonoKa, b κοτορΒίχ HafloeHHoe μοποκο BnpbiCKMBaeTcn b cTpye CHM3y nepneHflMKynapHO κ OTpax<aTenbHOMy 3KpaHy, Tax hto nonyHaeTca npocTMpaioiuMMca Ha 360° >kmakocthom 3KpaH M3 MonoKa. OeKaioiuee no onpefleneHHOii ymoBoii 30ηθ θτογο 3KpaHa μοποκο yflannBaeTca m noflaeTcn b M3MepnTenbHbiii αμπμηαρ. BbicoTa ypOBH* MonoKa b H3MBpHTenbHOM 11ΜΠΜΗΑΡ6 CHHTblBaeTCH BM3yaHbHO Μ ΠρβΚΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ npeflCTaBnneT coāoii nacTb o6mero κοπμηθοτβθ Μοποκβ, κοτοροθ C00TBeTCTByeT οτηοιηθημκ) ymoBoii 30Hbi, Ha κοτοροιί ynaBniiBaeTcn μοποκο, κ 360°. H3 naTeHTa BenHKoSpMTaHMM Ns 1316573, ony6nwKOBaHHoii 3aaBKM ΦΡΓ Ne 2810376, a τβιοκθ H3 eBponeficKoro naTeHTa Ns 0057267 y*e M3BecTHbi τβιοκθ npn6opbi αππ n3MepeHnn KominecTBa MonoKa, κοτορ^θ H3Mep«K)T nepMOflMHecKM noflaeaeMbie nopumi MonoKa. Πρκ stom HafloeHHoe μοποκο noflaeTcn b MepHbiii cocyfl ao τθχ πορ, noKa nnaBaiounHM Ha nosepxHOCTM MonoKa nonnaeoK μπμ pacnono>KeHHbiM Ha 3apaHee onpeAeneHHoii BbicoTe HyBCTBMTenbHbitf θπθμθητ Ha οοηοβθημμ AOCTMraiomero 3τογο HyBCTBHTenbHoro 3πθμθητ8 ypoBHa Μοποκβ ηθ BbiAacT ομγηθπ. flocne stoto noAana MonoKa npeKpamaeTcn, Torpa KaK οαηοβρθμθηηο oTKpbieaeTcn chmbhom KnanaH Ha μθρηομ cocyAe, H3 KOToporo nocne θτογο μο>κθτ 6biTb cnHTO Bce μοποκο μπμ μοποκο μο>κθτ cnHBaTbcn ao τθχ nop, noxa pacnono>KeHHbiPi Ha 6onee ημθκομ ypoBHe HyBCTBMTenbHbm θπθμθητ ηθ BbiAacT Apyroii ομγηθπ, nocne nero KnanaH ΑΠΠ CAHBa MOHOKa BHOBb 3aKpblBaeTCfl Μ ΟΑΗΟΒρβΜβΗΗΟ ΒΟ3ΗΟΒΠΠβΤ0Π noAana ηθαοθηηογο m co6paHHoro 3a 3τοτ προΜβχ/τοκ BpeMeHH Μοποκβ LV10342 5 b MepHbiii cocyfl. Τβκ κβκ o6b©M Me>Kfly pacnono>KeHHbiM Ha βθρχηθμ ypOBHB HyBCTBMT0HbHblM 9ΠΘΜΘΗΤ0Μ M pacnOHO>K0HHblM Ha ΗΜΧΗΘΜ ypOBHe BTOpbIM HyBCTBMT0HbHblM 3ΠΘΜΘΗΤ0Μ M3B0CT0H, ΓψΤΘΜ cyMMnpoBaHna OTflenbHbix 3arpy30K, nonaraa, ητο μοποκο μμθθτ 5 nocToaHHyio yflenbHyio nnoTHOCTb, mo>kho onpoAenjrrb ο6ιαθθ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ ΜΟΠΟΚβ. 1/13 Bbino>KeHHoii 3a«BKM ΦΡΓ Ns 3210465 yxe μ3βθογθη τθιοκθ npw6op flrifl μ3μθρθημη κοπμηθοτβθ MonoKa, b κοτοροΜ ηθαοθηηοθ μοποκο noflaeTCB b noAnopHbiM cocyA, κοτοροΜ Ha hmjkhbm κοηαθ μμθθτ 10 οπμβηοθ OTBepCTMe 3apaHee ΟΠρθΑβΠΘΗΗΟΓΟ ΠΟΠβρθΠΗΟΓΟ οθηθημβ. ΠρΜ TaKOM pacnOnO)KeHMM C nOMOllļblO paenonO)KeHHblX Ha BHyTpeHHMX CT0HKaX ΠΟΑΠΟΡΗΟΓΟ COCyAa ΘΠΘΚΤρΟΑΟΒ eMKOCTHbIM cnocoāoM perMCTpMpyeTca ypoeeHb noAnopa MonoKa, ητο6μ b οοηθτθημμ c nonepeHHbiM οθηθημθμ οπμβηογο Tpy6onpoBOAa onpeAenMTb 15 COOTBeTCTByiOmMM ΠΟΤΟΚ CnMBaeMOrO MOHOKa. ΑΗβΠΟΓΜΗΗΟΘ yCTpOMCTBO ΑΠΒ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΒ nOTOKa MOHOKa y>K6 Μ3ΒΘΟΤΗΟ τβιοκθ M3 naTeHTa CUJA Νδ 4452176, b κοτοροΜ η3αοθηηοθ μοποκο τβιοκθ noAaeTca b noAnopHbiM cocyA, M3 κοτορογο oho CHMBaeTca nepe3 M3MepMTeHbHy»o menb. B α^ηηομ cnyHae TaioKe 20 Aon>KHa onpeAenflTbCfl BbicoTa noflnopa απβ οπρθαθπθημη noTOKa MOHOKa Ha OCHOBaHMM Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΒ ΘΜΚΟΟΤΜ. 06mafl ΑΠΗ ΟβΟΜΧ yCTpOMCTB ηροδΠΘΜβ 33ΚΠ10Η3ΘΤ0Η B TOM, ΗΤΟ ΠΟ ΓφΜΗΜΗΘ ΟΜΘΙΒΜΒΒΗΜΒ MOHOKa C B03AyXOM C nOMOllļbK) ΘΜΚΟΟΤΗΟΓΟ Μ3ΜβρθΗΜΗ ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ 6blTb ηθοαηο3Η3μηο onpeneneHa BbicoTa noAnopa m, c APyrotī CTopoHbi, 25 ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ ΟΠΜΤΟΓΟ Ηβρβ3 ΠΟΓίθρθΗΗΟΘ ΟΘΗΘΗΜΘ ΟΠΜΒΗΟΓΟ ΟΤΒθρΟΤΜΗ Μοποκβ, τβκ κβκ yAenbHaa πποτηοοτβ οπμββθμογο μοποκθ μ3μθηηθτοη β ιιΐΜροκΜχ npeflenax. ΠροβΗΘΜβ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΗ ΚΟΗΜΗΘΟΤΒβ MOHOKa, KOTOpa* ΑΟ CblX ΠΟρ Ηθ 6bina yHTeHa Β AOCTaTOHHOM Μβρβ, ΘβΚΠΙΟΗβθΤΟΗ Β τομ, ητο μοποκο 30 ΗΒΠΗΘΤΟΗ CMHbHO ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟΜ JKMAKOCTblO, 7ΆΚ ΗΤΟ ΠρΜ MCn0Hb30BaHMM cnocoāa M3M0p0HMfl Οβ^θΜβ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΘ ΜΟΚΘΧβΘΤΟΗ Β p03ynbTaT0 Η3ΠΜΗΜΗ neHbl MHM HaCTH B03AyXa, TaK HTO ČOHbUJe H0Hb3fl 0AH03H3HH0 Ha ocHoeaHMM oāteMa flenaib ββιβοα o Macce, KaK sto, HanpMMep, B03M0)KH0 B 3HaHMT0HbHOM ΟΤΘΠΘΗΜ npM M3M0p0HMM KOHMH0CTBa BOflbl. 35 Πρθ>ΚΑθ βοθγο β μοποκθ οοθαμηθημ MOHOHHbi© ra3bi, β ηθοτηοοτμ,
yronbHaa KMcnoTa m a30T, κοπμηθοτβο κοτορ^χ κοπθ6πθτοη ot τρ©χ ao ΑΘΒΗΤΜ o6b0MHb!X πρΟΑΘΗΤΟΒ. ΟΑΗΘΚΟ 01110 3HaHMT0HbHO 60HbUJaH AOHH 6 ra3a o6ycnoBneHa πρμμθιιμβ3ημθμ B03nyxa, b ηβοτηοοτμ, bo βρθμη npouecca αοθημβ. B flOnnbHoii MaiunHe b pe3ynbTaie enycKa B03Ayxa ΑΠΗ TpaHCnOpTUpOBKH ΜΟΠΟΚβ B BaKyyM- Μ ΜΟΠΟΚΟΠρΟΒΟΑβΧ flonnbHoro Beflpa o6pa3yeTCa CMecb M3 Μοποκβ m B03Ayxa, KOTopaa b θθβμομμοοτμ OT yCnOBMM ΑΟΘΗΜΗ ΟΟΑβρΧΜΤ npHMepHO OT 30 AO 1 Οβ^θΜΗΟΓΟ Πρ011ΘΗΤ3 Μοποκβ. HTo6bi BbiperiMTb B03Ayx M3 MonoKa, ηθοΟχοαμμ Aera3npyioiMnfi ynacTOK mn Aera3MpyiomMii cocyA c HeSonbīuoii Typ6yneHTHOCTbio w AocTaTOHHOii noBepxHOCTbio. B to BpeMa κβκ 6onbiuoe ra3oeoe AyTbe, πρΜΜβρΗο AnaMeTpoM 3 mm, yBennmiBaeTca οτηοομτθπβηο δωοτρο, Tpy6onpoBOAbi Aaa HeOonbīuoii noAanu B03Ayxa, HanpMMep, α^3μθτρομ 0,3 MM, AOJlKHbl 6blTb npMMepHO B A@CBTb pa3 ΑΠΜΗΘΘ. TaKMM 06pa30M, npočneMa μθμθρθημμ oāteMa MonoKa o6ycnaBnnBaeTca γπθβηημ o6pa30M Ha6onbUJOM npoAyaKoii Μοποκβ KOTopaa οοοτθβπηθτ πρμμθρηο OT 10 A015 % očteMa Μοποκβ. θτο HeSoribiiioe κοπμηθοτβο noAaeaeMoro ra3a ηθ μο»θτ 6biTb yAOBnoTBopi/iTenbHO yAaneHO M3 Monoxa c noMombio μθχ3ημηθοκμχ pa3Aenafomnx cpeACTB, κβκ, HanpMMep, npneMHbiii ψικποη, 38ποπηθημθ M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepbi CHM3y μ t.a., b ηθοτηοοτμ, b Ηθβο^ιΐΜχ, πρμγοαημχ απβ MoSunbHoro ncnofib30BaHna Ha KpecTbHHCKOM ABope npn6opax Ana μ3μθρθημη KommecTBa MonoKa c οοοτβθτοτβθηηο He6onbiunM βρθμθηθμ npeābiBaHMfl MonoKa b annapaTe.
OflHaKO Apna B03flyxa m BenunnHa npOAyBKn ηθ ecerAa OAUHaKOBbi, a 3aBncaT ot 6onbiuoro KonMHecTBa φβκτοροΒ, KOTopue Bbi3bieai0T pa3nnMHoe neHoo6pa30BaHne. TaKMMii OaKTopaMii ββπβκϊτοβ OTMacTM pacxoA Μοποκβ, μοπομημθ lunaHronpoBOAbi, τμπ eaKyyM- m ΜΟΠΟΚΟΠΡΟΒΟΑΟΒ AOMnbHOrO BOApa, ΤΜΠ COCKOBOM p03MHbl, AHaMGTp MOnOMHblX UJnaHrOB, ΤΜΠ AOMnbHblX yCTaHOBOK, ΚΟΡΜΠΘΗΜΘ KOpOB, κοτοροθ M3M6HaeT οοοτθβ Μοποκβ, 3A0p0Bbe βημθημ, paarmmie Me*Ay OTAOflbHblMM KOpOBaMU M pa3nMHMfl y Ka>KAOM OTAeHbHOM KOpOBbl no πρΜΜΜΗθ naKTauMOHHoro nepMOAa. Πο ΠρΜΗΜΗΘ 3ΤΜΧ A©MCTBMTenbHblX ycnOBMM npaKTMMeCKM ΗΘΒ03Μ0)ΚΗ0 OlļeHMTb ypOBeHb B MOJIOHHOM COCyA©, 0 KOTOpOM nonaraioT, ητο ο6βθμ ημ>κθ stoto ypOBHa coctomt H3 μμοτογο MonoKa, b to epeMa KaK pacnonoxeHHOii Bbiiue 3τογο ypOBHa πθηομ mo>kho npeHeāpenb, κβκ ηθ coAepttamefi 6onbiue 3HaHMTenbHOM αοπμ μοποκθ. T.e. nonbīTKa perynnpOBaTb αοπιο neHbi c noMombto cooTBeTCTByfomeM o6uļeii Kann6poBKM μπμ TapMpoBKM očpeneHa Ha npoean, b ηθοτηοοτμ, LV10342 7 npn ncnonb30BaHHM He6onbWMx cocyflOB, KOTopbie ηθο6χοαμμμ npex<Ae Bcero AnfTM06M/lbHblX Hpn6opOB flflB Μ3ΜβρβΗΜΗ ΜΟΠΟΚΘ. Plpu Τ8ΚΜΧ pa3Mepax cocyflOB αοπη B03pyxa b coOpaHHoii xmakoctm HepeAKO cocTaenfieT 30 ο6ι>θμημχ npouemoB m 6onee. M flaxe b npn6opax flrm 5 M3MepeHHB MonoKa 6onbiunx oSbeMOB, b TaK Ha3biBaeMbix caMonmuyiMnx M3MepnTenbHbix npn6opax, b 33βμομμοοτμ ot BbicoTbi neHbi m KOHCMCTeHiļmi neHbi nehnerram KpOHa μοχθτ cogep)KaTb ot 0 ao 0,5 ΚΓ MOnOKa, ΗΤΟ npn ΤΜΠΜ4ΗΟΜ Μ0Π04Η0Μ npOM3BOAMTenbHOCTM, HanpMMep, 10 κγ 3a yAoii, μοχθτ cocrraBMTb npMMepHO 5 %. 10 CaMonmijymMe M3MepnTenbHbie npn6opbi ο6νμηο ocyiAecTBnaioT CHMTbiBaHue Ha γρβημηηομ cnoe Μοποκο/neHa, T.e. copepaoineeca b ΠΘΗΘ KODMHeCTBO ΜΟΠΟΚβ ΗΘ 011ΘΗΜΒ3βΤΟΒ, nOTOMy ΗΤΟ ΗΘΜ3ΒΘ0ΤΗ3 ΚΟΗΟΜΟΤΘΗΑΜΒ ΠΘΗΜ.
M3 β^ποχθηηομ 3aaBKM ΦΡΓ Ns 2720006 y*e μ3βθοτηο 15 yCTpofiCTBO flJlfl ΚΟΗΤρΟΠΒ ΜΠΜ Μ3ΜθρθΗΜΒ ypOBHfl nOHbl BO φποτ3ΐ4Μ0ΗΗ0Μ o6oraTMTenbHoii ycTaHOBKe. B θτομ ycTpoMCTBe np6AyCM0TpeH0 HeCKOJlbKO 3JieKTpOAHblX ΟΤΘΡΧΗΘΜ, KOTopbie B BepTMKanbHoii ομοτθμθ pacnono>KeHbi napannenbHO APyr APyry m mx hm>khm6 kohAbi BbicTynaiOT Ha pa3nn4Hoe paccTOHHMe OTHOCHTenbHO 20 ΠΟΒθρΧΗΟΟΤΜ ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΜ. ΚβΚ TOnbKO ΠΘΗβ npM θβ ΠΟΑΤϊβΜΘ COnpMKOCHeTCB C 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Μ, ΠΟ ΠρΜΗΜΗβ npOBOAMMOCTM neHbl 9ΠθκτριΐΗθοκ3Β uenb 3aMbiKaeTCfl. BnaroAapa onpeAeneHHOMy KonnHecTBy 3aMKHyrbix KOMMyinpyeMbix οχθμ 0TAenbHbix sneicrpOAOB b AenoM yHM3biBaeTCB ypoeeHb neHbi. Tbkmm o6pa30M, b ashhom cnynae 25 MHAMKauMfl ypOBH« TaioKe ocymecTB/iaeTCfl Ha οοηοβθημμ AaHHbix Aa/Ηβτ OTAenbHbix KOMMyrnpyeMbix ueneii eneicrpoAOB.
Bbiuje, bcbkmm pa3 Aenanacb ccunKa Ha μοποκο, xax neHMCTyio )KMAKOCTb. OAHaKO τθ caMbie npoOneMbi, hto m b cnynae c μοποκομ, cymecTByioT m npM pa6oTe co βοθμιλ ppyrnMM neHMCTbiMn >kmakocthmm, b 30 HacTHOCTid, tbkmmm, kūk πμβο μπμ φpyκτoBbιe cokh μπμ Apyrne ΤΘΧΗΜΗΘΟΚΜβ ΠΘΗΜΟΤΗΘ χμακοοτμ, κβκ, HanpMMep, ranbBaHMHecKMe >KMAKOCTM. B ocHOBe HacToauļero Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜπ πθχμτ 3aAana onpepeneMMn ηροφΜΠΝ neHbi πθημοτομ χμακοοτμ, T.e. onpeAeneHMe yAenbHOM 35 ΠΠΟΤΗΟΟΤΜ CM6CM >KMAK0CTM M B03Ayxa B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT ypOBHB. Mcxoa« M3 cnoco6a μ3μθρθημα ynoMBHyToro BHanane TMna 3to b COOTBeTCTBMM C Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΘΜ Α00ΤΜΓ3ΘΤ0Β 6naiOAapfl TOMy, ΗΤΟ ΑΠΛ 8 H3MGpGHHfl yfl«nbHOpi IU10TH0CTH ΠΘΗΗΟΤΟΗ ΧΗΑΚΟΟΤΗ ΗΘ pa3riHHHblX ypoBH«x Ha coflep>KaineM b ochobhom flera30BaHHyio XHAKOCTb 6a30B0M M3MepnTenbHOM ynacTKa η3μθρηθτοη 6a30Bafi M3MepaeMafl βθπηηηηθ
(Ιο), HTO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ΤΟΓΟ, 6onbliJG ΗΠΗ MGHbUJG H3MGpGHHafl B 5 B03flyxe cooTBGTCTByiomafl H3MepaeMafl BennHHHa (II) ηθμ nonyHGHHaji Ha 6a30B0M H3MepnTenbHOM ynacTKG 6a30Baa M3MepaeMa« βθπηηηηθ (lo). flna xa>KAoro ypoBHa o6pa3yeTca oTHocHTGiibHOG hhcjio (cm)i COOTB0TCTByK)lMee OTHOUJGHHK) 6a30B0H (ΟΠΟρΗΟίί) H3MGpflGM0H ΒΘΠΗΗΗΗΗ (Ιο), K Η3ΜβρβΗΗΟΗ ΒΘΠΗΗΗΗΘ Ha 3T0M ypOBHG (lm) ΗΠΗ 10 oāpaTHoii βθπηηηηθ θτογο οτηοιηθηηπ, hto npn ηθο6χοαημοοτη β cootbgtctbhh c ynoMBHyTOH Bbiiue TapnpoBKOH o6pa3yeTc« McnpaBneHHoe OTHOCHTenbHoe nncno (c'm), κοτοροβ αππ xhakocth, H3 κοτοροπ yAaneH B03Ayx, paBHo 1 η απβ B03Ayxa b ochobhom paBHO HynK), h hto Kax<Aoe OTHOCHTenbHoe hhcho (cm, c'm) yMHOxaeTCH Ha 15 BennHtiHy yAenbHOH πποτηοοτη (Q) αθγθθοβθηηοη xhakocth.
Cnocoč B COOTBGTCTBHH C Η3θ6ρβΤΘΗΗΘΜ C03A3GT npGAnOCblHKy ΑΠΛ Η3ΜβρθΗΗΛ MaCCbl nGHHCTOH ΧΗΑΚΟΟΤΗ Ha ΟΟΗΟΒΒΗΗΗ H3MGpGHHfl
o6beMa, Tax κβκ μοχηο onpepenaTb cocTaBHyio nacTb cooTBGTCTByiomeM XHAKOCTH Ha ΠΚ)6ομ ypOBHG CMGCH H3 JKHAKOCTH H B03Ayxa. ΜΟΧΗΟ 20 AoāHTbCfl Toro, hto SnaroAapa cooTBGTCTByiomGMy Bbi6opy napaMGTpoe H3MGpHTGnbHOrO yCTpOHCTBa H3MGpGHHblG OTHOCHTGflbHblG HHCna (Cm) 6bmn paBHbi xenaTGnbHbiM κοβφφΗΐ4ΗβΗΤ3Μ, κοτοροθ nyiGM yMHOXGHHH Ha yAenbHyio nnoTHOCTb (Q) ask>t yAenbHyio nnoTHOCTb Ha COOTBGTCTBytOlIļGM ypOBHG. ΠρΗ HG06X0AHM0CTH CnGAyBT OAHOBpGMGHHO 25 npOBOAHTb TapnpoBKy b cootbgtctbhh c yKa3aHHbiM Bbiiue cnoco6oM, HT06bl ΤΘΜ CaMbIM nOnyHHTb C nOMOUļblO KOppGKTypbl HCnpaBJlGHHblG OTHOCHTGHbHblG HHCHa (c'm)· npGAnoHTHTGnbHO Macca copepacainencfl b gmkocth jkhakoctm μοχθτ onpeABiiBTbCB 6naroAapn TOMy, hto Ha κθχαομ ypoBHG (m) 30 OnpGAe/lflGTCfl ΟΤΗΟΟΗΤΘΠΒΗΟΘ HHCHO (c'm), HTO BCflKHH pa3 OnpGAGnBGTCB paCnonOXGHHblH MGXAy OAHHM ypOBHGM H CnGAyiOllļHM ΗΗΧΗΗΜ ypOBHGM ΗΠΗ AHOM ΘΜΚΟΟΤΗ θβΐ>ΘΜ (Vm) HTO BCHKHH pa3 o6pa3yeTcn προηθβθαθηηθ (c'm x Q x Vm) H3 pacnonoxeHHoro ηηχθ ypoBHB oābGMa (Vm) onpGAeneHHoro αππ θτογο ypoBHB OTHocHTGJībHoro 35 HHcna (c'm)n yAenbHOH πποτηοοτη Monoxa (Q) h hto αππ οπρθαθπθηηπ οδιμβΗ Maccbi xhakocth (G) o6pa3yeTcn cyMMa H3 bcgx 06pa30BaHHbix LV10342 9 T3KMM 06pa30M πρθΜ3ΒθβθΗΜΜ ΠΟ BCBM ypOBHHM (η) B COOTBOTCTBMM C ΥΡβΒΗΘΗΜθΜ
G = Xc'„xY„xQ ra=l 5 TaKMM o6pa30M b cootbotctbmm c μ3ο6ρθτθημθμ co3flaeTca cnoco6, ripu κοτοροΜ οδίΜΜίί M3MepyieMbiii ο6βθμ pa3flenynoT Ha cnon m npw κοτοροΜ flrm Ka>Kfloro cnoa πγτβΜ Μ3μθρθημη οτηοομτθπβηογο Mucna onpepenaiOT yflenbHyio nnoTHOCTb CMecu M3 Μοποκβ m B03pyxa, κοτοροθ KaK pas B0cnp0M3B0flm μμθιοιαθθοη cooTHomeHne MonoKa m 10 B03pyxa. Τθμ caMbiM enepBbie ripu μ3μθρθημμ o6teMa mojkho pemcTpiipoBaTb Tao<e coAep>Kamyiocfl β πθηθ Maccy MonoKa n yHi4TbieaTb ripu οπρθαθπθημμ o6meii Maccbi MonoKa. Μοχοαα M3 BbiiuenpuBefleHHoro ypaBHeHn^ απα o6meii Maccbi G cpa3y CTaHOBMTca acho, ητο ripu οπρθαθπθηημχ npeflnocbmKax 15 ποπγΗθΗΜθ n o6pa6oTKy οταθπβημχ 3HaHeHMii μ3μθρθημ« μο*ηο ocyuļecTBn5iTb τβιοκβ flpyrnM cnoco6oM, HanpMMep, MTo6bi yMeHbiuaTb ΗΘΟδΧΟΑΜΜΟβ BpeMH ΑΠΗ Ka>KflOrO očinero Μ3ΜβρΘΗΜΒ. Ecnn MCXOflflT, HanpuMep, M3 πρθαποποχθημβ, ητο ο6ι.θμ Vm Ha Ka>KAOM ypoBHe BbicoTbi nocTOfiHHbiii = Vo μ ητο Ka>KAoe KannOpoBaHHoe oTHoernenbHoe 20 MMcno c'm Bbipa>KaeTCfl nepe3 l'm/l'o γαθ l'm οδο'βΗβπββτ Kann6pOBaHHOB 3Η8ΗΘΗΜΘ Μ3ΜθρβΗΜΗ flnB ypOBHfl BbICOTbl "m” M l'o o6o3HaMaeT Kann6poBaHHoe μοχοαηοθ 3HaHeHne, to BbiiueyKa3aHHoe ΥΡ3ΒΗΘΗΜΘ M02KH0 ynpOCTMTb flo: 25 G =
Vo-P U Σ·4 _ n-Vo'P . 1. V .f I0 η χ,ι Am
Tax Kax νο·ρ/Γ0 ποοτοηηηο, to M3MepeHMe yMeHbiunnocb 6bi Ha cyMMy TapnpoBaHHbix 3HaHeHMii l'm, h υμηο>κθημθ Ha 0aKTopVo-p/īo. Εοπμ, c flpyroii CTopoHbi, AyMaiOT hto n-Vo πρθαοτθβπηθτ οοδοίί 30 Becb očteM Μ απα βοθχ ypOBHeii BbicoTbi n i;+r2+...rn
n-K ΜΟΧΗΟ paCCM3TpHB3Tb Β Κ3ΗΘ0ΤΒΘ γΟρθΑΗΘΗΗΟΓΟ Π-Vo Κ3ΠΜδρ0Β3ΗΗ0Γ0 35 10 OTHOcMTenbHoro HMcna c' ,το Maccy G moxcho onpeAennTb M3 % G=Vp-ē' flCHO, MTO Τ3ΙΟΚΘ B 3T0M CnyHae, CMOTpfl ΠΟ 06CT0i»TenbCTBaM, ΑΟΠ>κηο cocTaBnflTbCfl cHanana ηθ οοοτηοιιιθηκθ l'm/l'o (in=1.....n) a μοχθτ cocTaBnflTbCH cHanana cyMMa: ΣΧ /ļnn τογο, HTo6bi M3MepeHne, KaK onncaHO Bbiiue, mo>kho 6uno ynpocTMTb nyieM Bbi6opa paBHoro o6teMa VoAna κθχαογο ypoBH« BbICOTbl, npeflnOHTlITenbHO ηρΜΜΘΗΒΘΤΟΒ ψΙΠΜΗΑΡΜΗΘΟΚΜΜ COCyfl C ΠΚ)6θίί OCHOBHOM nOB0pXHOCTbfO (nK>6blM OCHOBaHMeM) (1 ypOBHM BbICOTbl npeflycMaTpMBaiOTCfl Ha 0flHHaK0Bbix o6o»OAHbix paccTOflHnnx no bučoto. CaMo co6oPi pa3yMeeTCH, οΑΗβκο, οα^ηβκοβμθ oāteMbi Vo MoryT AocTuraTbca Tai<xe b cnyHae HenpaBiinbHbix nonepenHbix pe3epeoe cocyAa, κογα3 θπθκτροαη pacnonoraioTcn Ha cooTBeTCTByiomMX pa3nHHaiOlMMXCn paCCTOflHMflX ΠΟ BblCOTO, KOTOpbie nOAOrHaHbl K φορΜΘ ΠΟΠθρθΗΗΟΓΟ ΟΘΗΘΗΚΠ. 5a30B0@ n3MepeHne οπθαοβθπο 6u npoeoAHTb b tom χθ μοποκθ, κοτοροθ nocTynaeT ripu Φβκτμηθοκομ μθμθρθημμ, hto6u yxe M36exaTb τογο, HTo6bi no nptiHMHe Apyrofi κοηομοτθηαμμ μοποκθ μ τ.α· nonyHanwcb pa3nnHMfl. 3το 6a30Boe μ3μθρθημθ μοχθτ npOBOAHTbcn βηθ HacTOJiuļero μοποηηογο cocyAa u cneAOBano 6u nmub o6ecnennTb to, hto6u M3 MonoKa b 3HaHHTenbHofi CTeneHM 6un yAaneH B03Ayx, T.e. HT06bl Π0 B03M0JKH0CTH ΗΘ COAep>KanOCb B03AyUJHblX ny3bipbK0B. TaK KaK ΟΑΗβκο HaxoAflmuiicn βηθ μοποηηογο cocyAa 6a3oeuft M3MepnTenbHbiii ynacT0K b uenoM bhobb 3aTpyAHaeT μ3μθρθημθ, 6a30B0e M3MepeHne πρθαποητμτθ/^ηο προβοαμτοπ Ha αηθ caMoro ΜΟΠΟΗΗΟΓΟ C0CyAa. npH 3T0M HCXOA«T H3 3Η3ΗΘΗΜΠ ΤΟΓΟ, HTO ΠρΜ Μ3ΜβρθΗΜΠΧ, 0 KOTOpblX 3AeCb ΜΑβΤ peHb, ΜΟΠΟΚΟ y*e C06paH0 AO ΟΠΡΘΑΘΠΘΗΗΟΓΟ ypOBHJI, ηρθΧΑΘ ΗΘΜ npOBOAHTCH Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΘ. ΠρΜ 9THX ycnoBnnx M3 HaxoA«merocn β6πμ3μ AHa MonoKa npM HaAneacatneM Bbiāope pa3MepOB cocyAa yxe b 3HaHMTenbH0ii οτθπθημ yAaneH B03Ayx. LV10342 11 OKa3anocb, hto μ3μθρθημβ b npnHiļnne μοχηο npOBOflUTb paanMHHbIMM MBTOflaMM npM HCn0nb30BaHHM pa3JlMHHblX napaMGTpOB MonoKa. OcoSeHHo npuroAHbi Ana θτογο τθκμθ M3MepeHHH, npn KOTOpbix M3MepaeMaa βθπμημηθ, KOTopaa nonynaeTCfi απη MonoKa, M3 κοτοροΓΟ 5 yflaneH B03Ayx, OTnuHaeTca no MeHbiueii Mepe Ha oahh πορβαοκ οτ Μ3ΜβρθΗΗ0ίί Ana B03Ayxa Μ3ΜθρΒΘΜΟΐί ΒΘΠΜΗΚΗΜ. 3a ΤΘΜ H3 3ΤΜΧ βθπμημη o6pa3yeica OTHOCUTenbHaa βθπμημηθ TaKMM o6pa30M, ητο απβ OTHomeHna M3MepaeMOii βθπμημημ απβ B03Ayxa b οτηοιχιθημμ κ 6a30B0ii M3MepeHHoii βθπμημηθ min nyTeM o6pa30BaHna οδρβτΗοίί BenunnHbi 10 OTHOCMTenbHoe hmcho nonyMaeTca 3HaHHTeribHO MeHbiue 1, b to BpeMfl
KaK ΑΠΒ ΟΤΗΟΐυθΗΜΒ Μ3Μβρ«ΘΜΟΜ BemiHMHbl ΑΠΗ ΜΟΠΟΚβ, M3 ΚΟΤΟρΟΓΟ yAaneH B03Ayx, b othouj0hmm κ 6a30Boii μ3μθρθηηοκ βθπμημηθ aBTOMaTunecKM bcbkum pa3 nonyHaeTca BenimnHa, paBHa 1. l43MepeHMB θτογο βμαθ ΜΟΓγτ npoBOAUTbca npn ncnonb30BaHmi 15 OHeHb CMJlbHO M3MeHfUOmMXfl B 33ΒΙΊΟΜΜΟΟΤΜ ΟΤ COOTHOtUBHMM ΜΟΠΟΚβ M B03Ayxa cbomctb MonoKa, xax HanpuMep, aneicrpimecKaa npoBOAMMOCTb, TennOnpOBOAHOCTb ΜΠΜ Cn0C06H0CTb ΠΟΓΠΟΙΑΘΗΜΛ ΜΗφρβΚρβΟΗΒΙΧ nyneii.B KanecTBe M3MepaeMbix βθπμημη MoryT cnyxnTb npii MCn0nb30BaHMH Κ3ΜΘΗΘΗΜΗ 3ΠβΚΤρΜΗΘ0Κ0Μ npOBOAMMOCTM, 20 conpoTMBneHnen3MepuTenbHoro yHacTKa, npn ncnonb30BaHmi aācopāiļMM MH$paKpacHbix nyneii, nponymeHHoe κοπμηθοτβο οβθτθ μπμ npn MCn0nb30BaHHM ΤΘΠΠΟΠρΟΒΟΑΗΟΟΤΜ ΜΟΠΟΚΘ, Π3ΑβΗΜΘ ΗΘΠρΒΧΘΗΜΗ Ha TOMnepa7ypHOM HyBCTBHTenbHOM θπθμθητθ. B COOTBBTCTBHH C npeAnOHTMTenbHblM npHMepOM ΒΜΠΟΠΗΘΗΜΗ 25 Μ30βρθΤΘΗΜΒ n0ny4ai0mnecfl ΠΟ npHHHHe Μ3ΜΘΗΘΗΜΜ ΜΠΜ 33ΓρΒ3ΗΘΗΜΜ OTAenbHblX 9ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β Unu M3MepHTenbHblX yHaCTKOB ΟΤΚηΟΗΘΗΜΗ OTAenbHbix M3MepHTenbHbix ynacTKOB MOiyr 6biTb KOMneHCMpOBaHbi OnaroAapa TOMy, hto npH ncnonb30BaHnn οαμη3κοβομ 9TanoHHoii xhakocth, xaK, HanpHMep, BOfla, Ha bcgx ypoBHax προβοαβτ OAHHaKOBbie 30 H3MepeHna. V\3 nonynaiomMxcfl M3MepeHnii, BKniOHaa n3MepeHne Ha 6a30B0M n3MepnTenbHOM yHacTKe, $opMnpyeTca cpeAHee 3HaneHne h οτκηοΗθΗΜΒ 0TAenbHbix H3MepnTenbHbix yHacTKOB οτ θτογο cpeAHero 3HaHeHMH yHHTbiBaiOTca c noMombio cooTBeTCTByiomero nonpaeOHHoro ΚΟβφφΜΑΜΘΗΤβ ΑΠΗ φβΚΤΜΗΘΟΚΟΓΟ Μ3ΜθρθΗΜΗ. 35 Μοχηο BbiSpaib HaAnexamne napaMBTpbi n3MepmenbHoro
ycTpo{icTBa τθκμμ o6pa30M, hto āonbīue He Tpe6yeTca HMKaKafl KOppeKLļHB Μ3ΜθρΘΗΗΟΓΟ ΟΤΗΟΟΜΤΘΠbHOrO HHCna Cm 0AH3K0 B ΟδίΑΘΜ H 12 Ι4ΘΠ0Μ ΗΘΟβΧΟβΜΜΟ KaAH6pOBaTb OflMH pa3 ΤΜΠ M3M0pMTenbHOrO ycTpoficTBa nepen HenocpeflCTBeHHbiMii μ3μθρθημβμμ, flnn 3τογο φβΚΓΜΗΘΟΚΜ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΗΟΘ OTHOCMTBnbHOe HHCnO Cm KOpp0KTMpy9TCB B οοοτΒθτοτΒΜΜ c yAenbHoii nnoTHOCTbK) CMecu H3 Μοποκβ n B03flyxa. 3to, 5 KaK BbmBunocb, b npodOM cnyHae μο>κθτ ocymecTBn3TbC3 6naroflapa TOMy, hto M3MepeHHbie OTHOcmenbHbie nncna cm bcbkmm pa3 B03B0fl«TC« b CTeneHb c noKa3aTeneM, KOTOpbifi 6onbwe Hyna, HTo6bi o6pa30BaTb cKoppeKTupoBaHHbie OTHOCUTenbHbie nncna c'm· Ecnn b T3K0M cnynae noKa3aTenb οτθπθημ onpepeneH oflHaxflbi πγτθΜ 10 . KannčpoBKM, to oh ocTaeica ηθμ3μθηηβιμ nna bc@x πο3βΗθΐίιυκχ M3MepeHnii.
B cooTBeTCTBMM c μ306ρθτθημθμ yKa3biBaeTCB TaioKB cnoco6 ΑΠΒ H3MepeHMfl nOTOKa ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟίί XMflKOCm, B HaCTHOCTM, βΠΒ M3MepeHMB noTOKa CMemaHHoro c B03pyxoM MonoKa, ripu κοτοροΜ Ha ηθοκοπbKnx 15 pa3nnHHbix ypoBHnx οοοτβθτοτβθηηο Μ3Μθρηιοτ 3aBncamyio οτ τογο χθ caMoro napaMeipa coAepxameMC3 b cocyfle χμακοοτμ M3MepaeMyK) Be/lM4MHy Μ 3T0T CI10C06 OTilMHaeTCB ΤΘΜ, HTO Β COCyfl nOflaeTCB )KMflKOCTb, HTO XMflKOCTb H6np6pblBH0 ΟΤΘΚΘΘΤ Ηθρβ3 B OCHOBHOM B€pTMKaJlbHyiO M3MepMTenbHyiO Uļenb, HTO Ha 6a30B0M M3MepMTenbHOM 20 yHacTKe, coAepxameM xnflKOCTb, M3 κοτοροίί b ochobhom yflaneH ra3, Μ3Μβρπκ)τ 6a30Byio n3MepaeMyK) BonnHMHy (Ιο), hto b 3aBMCHMOCTn οτ τογο, 6onbue nmi MeHbiue M3MepneMan Ha cooTeeTCTByiomeM M3MepwTenbHOM ynacTKe b B03flyxe BemiHtiHa (Ι|_),ηθμ 6a30Baa Μ3ΜθρπθΜ3π βθπμημη3, ΑΠΒ Kaxfloro ypoBHB (m) o6pa3yeTca 25 OTHOCHTBflbHOe HMCHO (Cm) Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C ΟΤΗΟωθΗΜΘΜ 6a30B0M H3M6paeM0ii BenMHMHbl (Ιο) K Μ3Μθρ«ΘΜθίί ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΘ Ha cooTBeTCTByioiAeM ypoBHe (lm) μπμ β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c οδρβΤΗοίί
BenMHHHOH 3Τ0Γ0 ΟΤΗΟΙΠΘΗΜΒ, H HTO ΟΓΘΙΟΙΟΙΑΘΘ Ηθρβ3 M3MepMTenbHyiO
uļenb b eflMHHL(y βρθμθημ κοπμηθοτβο jkmaķoctm onpeflenjuoTCJi M3 30 ypaBH9HHB m *ΦΦ·
i=m Λ / 35 LV 10342 13 B KOTOPOM CHMBOilbl 03ΗβΗβΚ)Τ I = ΟδΙΜΜίί BblXOflBlHMii Μ3 111ΘΠΜ ΠΟΤΟΚ 5 ΓΠβφφ.
Maccbi Κ = d χ S χ Q ^2gd 10 15
d [cm] = paccTOBHne Mex<Ay aneKTpoflaMM * paccTOBHne M6)Kfly ypOBHBMH g cm _cek2 = 981 cm cek2 S [cm] = ujMpHHa menu <>[*] yflenbHa« nnoTHOCTb )kmakoctm 20
n = odmee κοπμηθοτβο aneicrpoflOB c'm = o6pa30BaHHoe OTHOCMTenbHoe Hiīcno ot 1 ao 0 Ha ypoBHe”m” 25 a = 3aBncjunayi ot īuiīpMHbi menu, kpomkm ιμβηκ m. t. a« nocToaHHajj βρθμθημ M3MepMTenbHoro ycTpoficTBa, KOTOpaa μοκθτ 6biTb onpepeneHa nyieM Kami6poBKM.
Cn0C06 TOHHO TaK )ΚΘ ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb MCn0nb30BaH βΠΒ ΤΟΓΟ, HT06bl 30 nyTeM nocnefly»oiiiero cyMMnpoBaHMB μπμ MHTerpupOBaHMB ecex M3MepeHHbix ποτοκοβ οπρθΑθ/niTb o6myio Maccy προτβκιuen jkmakoctm.
OopMyna nonyMaeTCB nyTBM Bbieofla M3 τβκ Ha3biBaeMoro ypaeHBHMB BepHynn 6naroflap« TOMy, hto npn β3ατμμ 3a ocHoey BGpTMKanbHoii iiļe/in απ* Ka^Aoro ypoBHH mēmi paccmiTbiBaeTCfl 35 nonyHaiomeecfl no πρμημηθ rMApocTaTMCTMMecKoro αββπθημβ Ha 14
ΟΠρθβθΠΘΗΗΟΜ ypOBH0 CKOpOCTb MCTBHBHHB CM0CM M3 JKMflKOCTM Μ B03flyxa Vi ymiTbiBaeTCfl oābiHHaa κορρθκαμα xapaKTepncTMKn μοτθηθημβ xmakoctm Ha mēmi β 38βμομμοοτμ ot ckopoctm, πρμηθμ rnflpocTaTMHecKoe flaBneHne Ha οπρθαθπθηηομ ypoBHB μοχθτ 6biTb 5 paccnmaHO Ha οοηοβθημιι pe3ynbTaia μ3μθρθημη προφΜ/ia neHbi h yflenbHaa nnoTHOCTb Ha 3tom ypoBHe tohho Tax xe onpeflenaeica nyTeM Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΗ. CaMO C060M pa3yMeeTCfl, HTO ΜΟΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ Β ΟΠρθΑΘΠΘΗΗΟΜ BepTHKanbHoPi menti npeflCTaBnaeT co6om nmub cneqHanbHbiii cnyHafl, KOTOpbIM Ηθ ΑΟΠΧΘΗ OrpaHMHMBaTbCfl M3o6peTaTenbCKnii 3aMbieen. C 10 TaKMM xe ycnexoM c noMombK) npocToro pacneTa μοχθτ paccHHTbiBaTbca, HanpMMep, ποτοκ πθημοτομ xmakoctm, κοτορΒίίί BbueKaeT Hepe3 npeflycMOTpeHHoe β αηθ cocypa οτβθροτμθ, nocne τογο κβκ c noMOiiļbio Μ3ΜθρθΗΗΐί cooTBeTCTByioineiĀ αοπμ xmakoctm Ha pa3/lMHHblX ypOBHBX ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb ΟΠΡΘΑΘΠΘΗΟ ΓΜΑΡΟΟΤβΤΜΗΘΟΚΟΘ 15 flaBneHHe 3τοκ xmakoctm Ha βνχοαθ ποτοκβ. B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗΙΛΘΜ yKa3blBaeTCB TaiOKe yCTpOMCTBO ΑΠΗ Μ3ΜθρβΗΜΒ yAej1bH0H njlOTHOCTH ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟΗ XMAK0CTM, B HaCTHOCTH, CMecu H3 MonoKa h B03Ayxa, c cocyAOM, a τθιοκθ no MeHbiueii Mepe c OflHMM M3MepHTenbHblM yCTpoiŪCTBOMI C nOMOllļbK) ΚΟΤΟΡΟΓΟ ΜΠΜ KOTOpblX 20 μοχθτ 6biTb M3MepBHa Ha HecKonbKnx pa3nnHHbix ypoBH«x cocyAa ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ 33ΒΗ0Η1Α3Η OT ΤΟΓΟ Χθ ΟβΜΟΓΟ napaMOTpa coAepxaiAeiicfl b cocyAe xmakocth M3MepneMan βθπμημηθ, κοτοροο οτπμηθθτοα τθμ, hto npeAycMOTpeH coAepxamnii b ochobhom xnAKOCTb, H3 κοτοροίί yAaneH B03Ayx, 6a30Bbiii n3MepMTenbHbiii yH3CT0K, m hto 25 npeAycMOTpeHO ycTpoficTBO, κοτοροο b 3aBHCMMOCTn οτ τογο, 6onbiue ΜΠΜ MeHbUJe Μ3ΜβρβΗΗ3Η B B03Ayxe COOTBeTCTByK3lUaB M3MepaeMajl BemiHMHa (Ι|_), ηθμ nonyHeHHan Ha 6a30B0M M3MeptiTenbHOM ynacTKe 6a30Baa n3MepaeMaa βθπμημηθ, o6pa3yeT απη ιοχαογο ypOBH* OTHOCMTenbHOe HMCnO (Cm) B COOTBeTCTBMM C ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙΑΘΗΜβΜ 6a30B0M 30 Μ3Μ@ρΗΘΜ0Η BenHHHHbl H M3M6pHeM0H ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΒΙ Ha 9TOM ypOBHe ΜΠΜ COOTBeTCTBHH C 06paTH0M ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΟΜ 3Τ0Γ0 COOTHOLUeHHB, HTO ΓφΜ h8o6xoammocth β ycTpoiicTBe β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c BbwieynoMiiHyToii Kann6poBKOH o6pa3yeTca οκορρβκτΜροΒ3ΗΗθβ OTHOCMTenbHOe hmcao (c'm), κοτοροθ flna xhakoctm, M3 κοτοροπ yAaneH ra3, paBHO 1 m Ann 35 B03Ayxa b ochobhom paBHO Hynto, h hto npeAycMOTpeH MHOxnTenbHbifi 9ΠΘΜΘΗΤ, C nOMOlMbK) ΚΟΤΟΡΟΓΟ ΠΚ)6θθ ΟΤΗΟΟΜΤΘΠΒΙΗΟΘ ΗΜΟΠΟ (Cm; c'm), LV10342 15 μοχθτ nepeMHo>KaTbca c βθπμημηομ yflenbHoii πποτηοοτμ (Q) >kmakoctm, M3 κοτοροm yflaneH ra3. ΠοροδΗΟΓΟ pofla ycTpoiicTBO μοχθτ 6biTb i4eneco6pa3HbiM o6pa30M MCn0nb30BaH0 B yCTpOMCTBB flrm Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΒ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒβ XMflKOCTM, 5 κοτοροθ OTnuMaeTCB τθμ, hto npeflycMOTpeHO BbiHncnmenbHoe ycTpoiicTBO (MP), κοτοροθ ocymecTBnneT πθρθμηοχθημθ onpefleneHHoro απ* κθχαογο ypoBH* (m) OTHoernenbHoro HMcna (c'm) c ΒΚΠΙΟΗβΗΗΒΙΜ M0Xfly 3TMM ypOBHeM Μ ρβΟΠΟΠΟΧΘΗΜβΜ ΠΟΑ ΗΜΜ ypOBH6M, ο6>>θμομ (Vm) b cocyflB m c yfleribHoii nnoTHocTbio (Q) 10 χμακοοτμ, m κοτοροίί yflaneH ra3, Tax hto o6pa3yeTcn προμ3βθαθημθ c'm x V x Q , m hto npeflycMOTpeHO cyMMMpyK>mee ycTpoMCTBo flna cyMMnpOBaHMfl o6pa3oeaHHbix απα Bcex ypoBHeM προμ3βθαθημμ c uenbto yKa3aHHB o6mero KonunecTBa χμακοοτμ (G), b βμαθ
15 G = Xc„xV„xQ ra=l OCCOČeHHO npMrOflHblM, Β HaCTHOCTM Μ3ΜβρθΗΜΜ Μ0Π0Κ3, OKa3anocb ycTpoPiCTBO, b kotopom Ha cocyfle Ha κθχαομ ypoBHe pacnonoxeH sneicrpoA m npeflycMOTpeH pacnonoxeHHbiii προτΜΒ βοθχ 20 ΘΠΘΚΤρΟΑΟΒ 06llļMM ΠρΟΤΜΒΟΠΟΠΟΧΗΜΜ 3ΠΘΚΤρ0Α. ΠρΜ MCn0nb30B3HMM Μ3ΜθρβΗΜΑ 3ΠΘΚΤρΜΗΘΟΚΟΜ npOBOflMMOCTM ΜΟΠΟΚβ Β 33ΒΜΟΜΜΟΟΤΜ ΟΤ ομθομ Μ3 MonoKa μ B03Ayxa npeAnoHTMTenbHO Μ3Μβρηβτοη 3ΠβΚφΜΗβΟΚΟΘ ΟΟΠΡΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΘ Ha ΚΘΧΑΟΜ M3M6pHT6nbH0M yHaCTKe, Τ.Θ. M8XAy ΘΠβΚΤρΟΑΟΜ Μ npOTMBOnOnOXHblM 3ΠβΚΤρ0Α0Μ.
25 fln λ 3Τ0Γ0 c uenbīo npeAOTBpameHMn nonnpM3auMM npeAnoHTMTenbHO Mcnonb3yeTca πθρθμθηηοθ HanpaxeHne. KpoMe τογο, 4eneco6pa3HbiM o6pa30M a^b μοκ/ικ>ηθημβ πκ>6ομ cocTaBnniomeM ΠΟΟΤΟΒΗΗΟΓΟ TOKa MeX<Ay MCTOHHMKOM HanpaxeHMB Μ 06lIļMM npOTMBOnOnOXHblM 3ΠΘΚΤρ0Α0Μ ΒΚΠΙΟΗΘΗ pa3Bfl3blBaiOmMM ΚΟΗΑΘΗΟβΤΟρ. 30 flnn ynyHmeHMfl xapaKTepMCTMKM ΒκηιοπβΗΜη m c uenbto npeAOTBpameHMn Bp6M6HHblX ΑΡβΡίφΟΒωΧ ΑΒΠβΗΜΜ HaCTOTa πρθΑΠΟΗΤΜΤΘΠΒΗΟ ΑΟΠΧΗβ 6bina 6bi HaxoAHTbca β πρβΑθπβχ ot 200 Γι* ao 80 κΓα m cocTaBnaTb npeAnoHTMTenbHO 2 κΓ μ. npMHMMaa BO ΒΗΜΜΘΗΜΘ pa3Mepbl ΠΟΒΒΠΒΚ)ΙΑΜΧΟΒ 35 npeAnoHTMTenbHO β μοποκθ B03AyuiHbix ny3bipb«OB, b abhhom cnynae πρΜΜθΗηιοτοη sneKrpoAbi, KOTOpbie b ochobhom ηΒπηιοτοη xpyroBbiMM m 16 MM0KDT βΜβΜΘΤρ ΠρίΊΜθρΗΟ ΟΤ 0,5 flO 1,2 MM. ΠρΜ ΤΟΗΗΟίί ΟΠΤΜΜΜΘβΜΜΜ ΑΠΑ 6ojibtunx ΑΜβΜθτροθ 3Τ0Γ0 flnana30Ha 6bina ycTaHOB/ieHa 6οπθθ CMilbHafl 3aBHCMMOCTb OT B03flyLLIHblX ny3bipbKOB Hečonbīuoro flUaMBTpa m flnB He6onbiiiMx θπθκτροΑΟΒ SToro Anana30Ha 6bina ycTaHOBneHa 5 δοπθθ cunbHafi 3aBHCMMOCTb OT ny3bipbKOB 6onbiuoro AnaMBTpa. HTo6bi AOābITbCfl ΠΟ ΒΟ3ΜΟΧΗΟ0ΤΜ paBHOMOpHOM 3aBHCMMOCTM, npeAnoHTMTenbHO πρκμθηβιοτοη aneiapoAbi ΑκβΜβτροΜ 0,8 mm. B3anMHoe yAan©HM0 θπθκτροαοβ APyr OT APyra no bučot© npeAnoHTMTenbHO ηθχοαμ/ίοοβ b Anana30He ot 1 ao 8 mm. Ocočbhho 10 čnaronpuBTHbi© p03ynbTaTbi 6binn nonyHOHbi npn yAan0HHM 3/ΐθκτροΑθΒ Apyr ot Apyra no BbicoT© 1,5 mm.
Ηθμ MOHbUio ābino paccToaHM© Mex<Ay sneKTpOAaMU u npOTMBOnOnO)KHblM 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Μ, ΤΘΜ cunbhoe 6bmO Μ3ΜΘΗΘΗΜΘ OTHOCMTOnbHOrO MMCna B 33ΒΜΟΜΜΟΟΤΜ OT COOTB0TCTBytOlM0H 15 Μ3ΜθρΗθΜθίί BenuMMHbi. rio3TOMy npBAnoHTMTonbHO 6bmn MCn0nb30BaHbl paCCTOflHMfl M0)KAy 3ΠΘΚΤρ0Α3ΜΜ B ΠρΘΑΘΠΘΧ OT 2 AO 150 MM M np0AnOHTMT0nbHO OT 3 AO 8 MM. B npnMepax ββιποπηθημη, b κοτορ^χ οτηοομτθπβημθ nncna 06pa3yi0TCfl M3 M3M0pfl0MbiX ΒΘΠΜΜΜΗ 3ΠΘΚΤρΜΗΘΟ<ΟΜ npOBOAMMOCTM, 20 nonyHnnocb, hto Heo6xoAHMbix no πρμημηθ κβπκβροΒΚΜ Koppeicrypbi
M3M0p0HHblX OTHOCMT0nbHblX ΗΜΟΘΠ yAanOCb A06blTbC« nyT0M Β03ΒθΑβΗΜΑ b cTonoHb c noMOUļbio τογο X© caMoro mīcna, κοτοροβ 6onbiije Hyna. · B COOTB0TCTBMM C ApyTMM npeAnOHTMTOJlbHO MCnonb30BaBUJMMCfl 25 pacxoAOM0pOM np0AycMaTpbiBa0Tca mctohhmk ΜΗφρβκρβΟΗΟΓΟ M3nyH0HMfl M CkICTOMa 30pKan, C nOMOllļblO KOTOpblX MH$paKpaCHblM CB6T0B0M ny4 μο)κθτ M3nywaTbCB nocneAOBa'TenbHO Ha pa3miHHbix ypoBHBX H0p©3 οοαθρχοιαθθοβ b cocyA© μοποκο, m npeAycMaTpnBatOTca o6mnii απ« βοθχ ypoBH©ii mjim οο6οτβθηηνμ απη ιοχαογο ypoBHB 30 3ΠθκτροοητΜΗθθΚΜθ np©o6pa3OBaT0nM, κοτοροβ BbipaāaTbieaioT COOTB0TCTByiOlMMii ηρΜΗΒΤΟίί ΟΜΙΙΘ 0ΒΘΤ8 3Π0ΚΤρΐ1ΗΘΟΚΜΜ 0ΜΓΗ3Π Μ3ΜΘΡΒΘΜΟΜ ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΜ.
Hpyroft pacxoAOM©p, ocHOBaHHbiPi Ha ncnojib30BaHHM μ3μθηθημη ΤΘΠΠΟΠρΟΒΟΑΗΟΟΤΜ ΟΜΘΟΜ Μ0Π0Κ3 M B03Ayxa, OTJIMHaeTCfl Η3ΠΜΗΜΘΜ Ηβ 35 μοποηηομ cocyA© pacnono>K0HHbix Ha pa3nnHbbix ypOBHnx T0MnepaTypHblX HyBCTBMTe/lbHblX 3/1ΘΜΘΗΤ0Β C nonOXHT0AbHblM T0Mn©paTypHbiM κο3ΦΦμαμθητομ, mctohhmkob ποοτοβηηογο TOKa, LV10342 17 KOTopbie BCAKMii pa3 noflaiOT Ha TBMnepaTypHbie HyBCTBMTenbHbie aneMeHTbi-c nono)KHTenbHbiM TeMnepaiypHbiM κοβΦΦμαιιθητομ nflyiMyio Ha Harpee nocTOHHHyio MOiUHOCTb, m peocTaTHbix n3MepHTenbHbix αθπθμ, KOTopbie b KanecTBe μ3μθρηθμομ βθπμημηβι οπρθαθπαιοτ 5 cooTBeTCTByiomyK) TeMnepaiype TeMnepaTypHoro ^βοτβμτθπβηογό aneMeHTa c ποποκμτθπβηβιμ TeMnepaTypHbiM κοβΦΦμαμθητομ BBflHHMHy COnpOTHBflBHHB. HH)K0 Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΘ 6θΠΘΘ ΠΟΑΡΟβΗΟ ΟΠΜΟβΗΟ C nOMOlMbK) npeflCTaBneHHbix Ha ηθρτθ>κθ πρμμθροβ ββιποπηθημη. ripHMepbi 10 BbinonHeHHfl H3 coo6pa>KeHnii npocTOTbi ccbinaeTca οοοτβθτοτβθηηο Ha Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΗ, npOBOflHMbie Ha ΜΟΠΟΚΘ. ΟβΗβΚΟ ΗθθδχΟ/ļHMO nOflCHHTb, hto Μ3θδρβτθΗΜβ μο)κθτ 6biTb τβιοκθ npHMepHO Ha πιοδοίί APyrofi ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟίί >KHflKOCTH. Ha ΗΘρΤΘ>ΚΘ nOKa3blBaK)T: φΜΓ.1: ΟΧΘΜβΤΜΗΘόΚΚΜ ΠβρΒΜΜ npHMep BbinOnHeHHH Μ30δρβΤΘΗ11Λ 15 flnfl M3MepeHna sneKTpHnecĶOro οοπροτμβπθηκπ n3MepnTenbHoro yHacTKa MonoKo/B03Ayx, a τβιοκβ cooTBeTCTByioinyto cxeMy, Φμγ.2: flnarpaMMy απβ ποποηθημη οτηοομτθπβηογο nncna, Φμγ.3: xapaKTepncTm<y OTHOcmenbHoro niīcna "c” b βμαθ cnnoiuHOH BbiTHHyroii J1MHHH, KOTopaa 6bma M3MepeHa pacnono>KeHHbiMH Apyr hba 20 APyrOM 3ΠΘΚΤρθΑ3ΜΜ ΟΠρΘΑβΠΘΗΗΟΜ Μ3ΜθρΜΤΘΠΒΗθίί CMCT3Mbl K onpeAeneHHOMy βρθμθημ απη KonimecTBa MonoKa b cocyAe, a τβιοκβ xapaicrepMCTHKy McnpaBneHHoro nocne Kann6poBKn μ3μθρμτθπβηομ CHCT8Mbl OTHOCHTenbHOrO HHCna ’’c' ” B BHAe nyHKrnpHOii ΠΜΗm, Φμγ.4: cxeMaTHHecKH ycxpoiicTBO απβ μ3μθρθημη 3arpy>xaeMoro 25 KOiiMHecTBa μοποκθ c ncnonb30BaHneM cnoco6a b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗΜΘΜ, φΜΓ.5: ΟΧΘΜ3ΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ APyroii npHMep ΒΜΠΟΠΗΘΗΜ* Μ3ΜθρθΗΜΛ 3arpyx<aeMoro κοπμηθοτββ μοποκθ c ncnonb30BaHneM μ3ο6ρθτθηκη, Φμγ.6.: cxeiviaTHHecKn ycTpoiicTBO απβ HenpepbiBHoro M3MepeHna 30 ηοτοκβ c Mcnonb30BaHMeM μ3ο6ρθτθημβ, Φμγ.7: ΓρβφΜΗβοκοθ n3o6pax<eHne μ3μθρθηηογο οτηοομτθπβηογο HMcna "c" απβ OTAejibHbix n3Mep.HTenbHbix sneicrpoAOB κ M0M3HTy ΒρΘΜΘΗΜ B ΠρΘΑβΠ3Χ Μ3ΜθρΚΤΘΠΒΗΟΓΟ UHKJia, Φμγ.8: τρβφΜΗθοκοθ M3o6pa>KeHne b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c Φμγ.7, 35 Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΗΟΘ BO BpeMfl ΤΟΓΟ )ΚΘ Μ3ΜΘρΚΤΘΠΒΗΟΓΟ AMKna κ δοπβθ nO3AH0My ΒρθΜΘΗΜ, 18 Φμγ.9: cxeMaTMwecKoe M3o(5paxGHMG Apyroro npMMepa ΒΒΙΠΟΠΗΘΗΜΗ Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΒ, ΠρΜ KOTOpOM Μ3ΜΘρβΗΜΘ OTHOCMTenbHOrO MMCna ocymecTBny)0TCfl οπτμμθοκμ, a TaioKe cooTBGTCTByK>mGii 6ποκ-cxeMbi, 5 Φμγ.10: οχθμ3τμηθοκμ npOflonbHbiii pa3pe3 aHanornHHoro Μ3ΜβρΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΓΟ yCTpOMCTBa B TOM BMfle, B KOTOpOM OHO MCn0nb3yGTCfl
Ha Φμγ.9, πρμηθμ OflHaKO Mcnonb3yeTCfl nmub oamh mctohhmk cseia, φΜΓ.11: 0ΧΘΜ3ΤΜΗΘ0ΚΜ BMfl CBepxy nOKa3aHHOii Ha φΜΓ.10 CMCTGMbl, Φμγ,12: cxeMaTMHecKM Apyroii npuMep βμποπηθημη μ306ρθτθημη c 10 cooTBeTCTByioiueii cxgmom, πρκ κοτοροΜ OTHOCMTenbHoe hhcho M3MepaeTCJj ripu ncno/ib30BaHnn pa3nMHHoii τβπποπροΒΟΑΗοσηι CMecH MonoKa m B03flyxa.
Ha φΚΓ.1 οχθμ3τμhgckm npepcTaBneH cocyfl 1, b KOTopbiii nepe3 Bepxny»o noABOABi4yjo πμημιο 2 HenpepbiBHO μπμ amckpgtho nopaGTCB 15 μοποκο. Ha ΒΗ\τρβΗΗβίί οτοροΗΘ cocyAa 1 Ha OAHHaKOBbix yAaneHnax no BbicoTe pacnonoJKeHO Apyr HaA ApyroM HGCKOHbKO OTAe/ibHbix m aneKTpMHecKH M3onnpOBaHHbix 3ηΘκτροΑθΒ E-j-Ep. 3tm aneicrpOAbi MOryT 6biTb TaioKe ββθαθηη Ηβρβ3 cieHKy cocyAa. SneicrpoAbi Heo6fi3aTe/ibHO AonxHbi 6biTb pacnono>KeHbi BepTMKanbHO APyr HaA APyroM, a Moryr 6biTb 20 τ3Κ)κθ pacnonoxeHbi πρκΜβρΗΟ no βκητοβομ πμημιλ μπμ APyrnM
ΟΠΟΟΟβΟΜ C ČOKOBbIM CMGIMGHMGM OTHOCMTGJIbHO APyr APyra OAMH HaA
ApyrnM. B cocyAe yciaHOBneH pacnonoxGHHbiM προτΜΒ βοθχ aneicrpoAOB h HaxoA«iMnijcyi ot hhx Ha οαμηθκοβομ yAajiGHMM o6iunfi npOTHBOnOnO>KHblfi 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α Εο· nmaHHe ΠρΟΤΜΒΟΠΟΠΟΧΗΟΓΟ 25 θπθκτροΑβ Eo οογίΜΘοτΒΠΗθτο?) ot ocuvmnHTOpa 4 nepe3 merib CTa6nnbHoro HanpfDKeHMfl 5, a TatoKe pa3Bfl3biBatomnii KOHAGHcaTop 6. HanpaxeHne npeAnoMTMTenbHO αβπαθτοβ' CMHycoMAanbHbiM nepeMeHHbiM ηβπρηχθημθμ, οαηθκο μοχηο 6wno 6bi ncnonb30BaTb m nepBMBHHoe HanpaxeHne TpeyrojibHOM φορΜΗ. 3πβκτροΑΗ E-|-Ep 30 COOTBGTCTBGHHO Ηθρβ3 ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΗ 13 COGAMHeHbl C MaCCOM. TOHKM COGAMHGHMH MGXAy OTA©nbHblMH 3ΠβΚΤρθΑ&ΜΜ Eļ-Ep M MX paCnOnOXeHHblMM B pBA ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΗΜΜ 13 COGAMHGHbl COOTBGTCTBBHHO C My/1 bTMn/lGKCGpOM 7 (aHanOrOBblM). BblXOA 8 MynbTMnneKCOpa 7 HGpG3 aKTMBHbIM BbinpAMMTGilb 9 COGAHHGH c 35 θηθπογοαιίΦροβ^μ npeo6pa30BaTG/iGM 10. 3τοτ npeo6pa30BaTenb ΠΟΑβΘΤ H3MGpBGMyK) BG/lHHMHy Ha MHKpOnpOLļeCCOp 11, KOTOpblH c APyrOM CTOpOHbl COMIIGH C ΟΟμΜΠΠΗΤΟρΟΜ 4. K Bb!XOAy MMKponpOLļGCCOpa LV 10342 19 11 ποακπιοηθηο ΜΗβΜκβτορΗΟθ ycTpoPicTBO 12 nnn nenaTaiomee ycTpoficTBO.
Pa3Mep cocyfla 1 3aBncnT, pa3yMeeTCB, οτ M3MepaeMoro b αθπομ KonunecTBa MonoKa. Οοοτβθτοτβθηηο ηθο6χοαμμο Bbi6paTb AnaMeTp 5 nnn nonepeHHoe οθηθημθ pe3epeyapa. TaK κβκ β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗ1ΊΘΜ BCflKMM pa3 ΟΙ4ΘΗΜΒ3βΤΟΗ HaCTflMn ΟΟΟΤΗΟΐυβΗΜβ yAenbHon nnoTHOdu Μοποκβ b pacnono>KeHHbix Apyr HaA APyroM cnoax, το οδΤϊθΜ KaxAoro cnoa 3aBncnT, pa3yMeoTCfl, xax οτ ποπθρθηηογο οθμθημβ cocyAa, τβκ μ οτ β33μμηογο yAaneHMii no βηοοτθ OTAenbHbix 10 ΘπβκτροΑΟΒ Ει-Εη· C uenbīo ynpomeHMH 6bm BbiāpaH mimiHApnHecKMfi COCyA M nOCTOHHHOe ΟΤΠΜΗΜΘ ΠΟ BbICOTe. PaCCTOBHMe M0XAy 3πβκτρθΑ3ΜΜ no BbicoTe cocTaBnano 1,5 mm. SneicrpoAbi cocToann H3 3ΠΘ«τροΑθΒ Kpymoro ποπθρθηηογο ceneHna, KOTopbie μμθιοτ AnaMeTp 0,8 mm. Kax y>xe 6bino CKa3aH0 BHanane, o6pa3yK>mneca β μοποκθ 15 ny3bipbKM μμθιοτ pa3nnHHbiii AnaMeTp. V\z nāc™ MonoKa, KOTOpaa μμθθτ 6onbUJne B03AyiuHbie ny3bipbKn, n3 κοτοροίί cpaBHMTenbHO 6bicTpo yAanaeTCfl B03Ayx nnn ra3 n κ TOMy xe Aona MonoKa, KOTopaa οοΑβρχητ β πθηθ 6onbiiine ny3bipbKM, cpaBHMTenbHO HeBennKa. HanpOTMB, M3 AOfin MonoKa, β κοτοροίί coAepKaTca 6onee μθπκμθ ny3bipbKn, ra3 yAanaeTCfi 20 3HaHMTenbH0 μθαπθηηθθ η αοπα Μοποκβ β 3τοίί CMecn n3 MonoKa n B03Ayxa, Τ.θ. Β 3T0M ΠΘΗΘ, 3Η3ΗΜΤβ/1ΒΗ0 BblllJe. EblJIO ΒΒΙΑΒΠβΗΟ, ΗΤΟ ΠρΜ ncnonb30BaHHM aneKTpoflOB čonbuiero AnaMeTpa, ηθμ 0,8 mm, 6bina nonyneHa 6onee CMnbHaa 3aencMMOCTb M3MepaeM0ii βθπμημηβι ot oneHb ManeHbKnx ny3bipbKOB, b to BpeMA kūk cpeAHue mv\ 6onee KpynHbie 25 ny3bipbKii npaKTunecKu ηθ OKa3ann 38μθτηογο βπμηημα β βμαθ CyiAeCTB6HHOrO Μ3ΜΘΗβΗΜΗ Μ3ΜβρΑ6Μ0Μ ΒΘΠηΗΜΗΒΙ. HanpOTUB, 3πβκτροΑω c Α^βΜΘτροΜ 3HaHMTenbHO MeHbiue 0,8 mm o6HapyxoinM ycnneHHoe cpaOaTbiBaHue Ha ny3bipbKM cpaBHi/rrenbHO 6onbmero AnaMeTpa, β to βρθμη κθκ μθπκμθ n cpeAHne ny3bipbKn Bbi3biBann nnujb 30 He3HaHMTenbHoe μ3μθηθημθ M3MepaeMon BemmnHbi. Πο 3τοή πρμημηθ πρβΑποΗΤΜΤθΠΒΗΟ 6bina BbiČpaHa cpeAHaa BennnnHa AnaMeTpa aneicrpoAOB, paBHaa 0,8 mm, πρη κοτοροίί Μθ>κβτ 6biTb ycTaHOBneHa 3aencnMOcrb KaK b OTHouieHnn ManenbKnx, TaK n 6onbmnx ny3bipbKOB. npnHunn pačOTbi n3o6paxeHHoro Ha φητ.1 n3MepnTenbHoro 35 ycTponcTBa cneAyiomnn.
C noMOiAbio ocunnnBTopa 4 κ npoTnBonono>KHOMy 3neicrpOAy Eo npMKnaAbiBaeTca πβρβΜθΗΗΟθ Hanpa>KeHMe. ΠρΜ stom npeAnoHTMTenbHO 20 MCnO/lb3yeTCfl HaCTOTa 2 ΚΠ1. ΠρΚ 3Η8ΗΜΤΘΠΒΗ0 6οΠΘΘ BblCOKMX Ηβοτοτβχ, -npMMepHo ot 20 ao 80 ΚΓμ, nonyMaeic« nymijafl, a μμθηηο, yKopoMeHHaB nepexoAHaa xapaKTepMCTMKa, OflHaKO nonyHeHHbia M3MepMTenbHbie cnrHanbi ciānu MeHbiue. HanpoTMB, npn 3HaHMTenbHO 5 6onee hm3kmx Hacroiax b 200 Γ14, nonyHeHHbie M3MepmenbHbie cnmanbi 6bmn 6onbUje, οαηηκο b αθηηομ cnynae HaOnionanacb απμηηθα nepexoAHan m npM n3BecTHbix ycnoeMnx Aa*e προαοπχοιοιαμμοβ b τθηθημθ 6onee flnmenbHoro βρθμθημ Αρβίίφ. no3TOMy paOoTbi npoBOAnnncb npeAnommenbHO b προαοπχμτθπβηομ ρθχμμθ. 10 Ημχηαβ rpaHuua μ3μθρμτθπβηομ nacioibi 6bina τθιοκθ yciaHOBneHa Onaronapn TOMy, hto o6mee κοπμηθοτβο ”n" θπθκτροαοβ Aon>KHO onpauJMBaTbCB no bo3moxhoctm b τθηθημθ očuļero βρθμθημ, ηθ npeBbiiuatoiiļero npuMepno 0,5 cex. Ηθκοηθα, eooOme πρμμθηβποοβ ΠθρβΜΘΗΗΟΘ Η8ΠρΒ)ΚΘΗΜΘ, MT06bl MCKnJOHMTb ΙΟΚΜΘ-ΠΜδΟ ΒΒΠΘΗΜΒ 15 nonnpM3aumi. Πο stom πρμημηθ nocne ycnnnTenfl CTa6nnbHoro Η3πρη>ΚΘΗΜη 5 ncnonb3yeTcn τβιοκΘ pa3BB3biBaioiMMM κοηαθηοθτορ 6, KOTOpbIM ΠΟΑβΒΠΒΘΤ ΚβΚΜΘ-ΠΜδΟ COCTaBnflKHlļM© ΠΟΟΤΟΒΗΗΟΓΟ HanpnxeHMB. H3MepmenbHbiii yHacTOK co3AaeT TonbKO ομμηθοκοθ 20 ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΘ. ΒθΘ 3neKTp0flbl npMBOABTCB B AeiiCTBlie CMH0a3HO. Cabmt $a3bi, KOTopbiii nonyHaeicn c noMombio pa3BB3biBaioinero KOHAeHcaTOpa, οαμηθκογο CKa3biBaeicn Ha scex 3neKTpoAax no πρμημηθ βκπιοηθημβ pa3BH3biBaioinero KOHAeHcaiopa Mex<Ay οοαμππϊιτορομ m OČllļMM npOTMBOnOnO>KHblM 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Μ. 25 Πο ΠΡΜΗΜΗΘ 3HaHMTenbHO 6θΠΘΘ BbICOKOM npOBOAMMOCTM ΜΟΠΟΚΘ no cpaBHeHMio c npoBOAMMOCTbio B03Ayxa Ha 3neKTpoAax, MexAy KOTopbiMM y>Ke η3χοαμτοβ Μοποκο, nonyHaeica yxe 6onee BbicoKMii ypoBeHb CMTHana Μ3ΜΘΡβθμομ βθπμημηβι, ηθμ Ha τθχ 3neicrpoAax, M6)KAy KOTOpbIMM ΗΘΧΟΑΒΤΟΛ npaKTMHSCKM TOJlbKO B03AyX. βΠΒ ΚΘΚΑΟΓΟ 30 aneiapopa Em Ha ero cooTBeTCTByiom©M οοπροτμβπθημμ 13 nonyHaeicn CMman Μ3ΜΘΡΗΘΜΟΜ ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΝ B φθρΜΘ COOTBeTCTByiOmerO ΠβΑΘΗΜΗ HanpfOK©HMH. 3τμ πΟΒΒπηιοίΑΜθοη Ha ΘπβκτροΑβχ Ei-En cnmanbi Μ3ΜΘΡΒΘΜΟΜ BSnMHMHbl CHMTblBaiOTCfl 38ΤΘΜ ΠΟ OTAenbHOCTM nocneAOBaienbHO Apyr 3a ApyroM c noMOiiļbK) MynbTMnneKcopa 7 m 35 Ηθρθ3 ycMfiMBatomMM BbinpnMMTenb noAaioTcn Ha .aHanoro-ίΐΜφρθΒθ^ npeo6pa30Baienb 10, KOTopbiM 3aieM nepeAaei οοοτβθτοτβθηηο ΑΜφρΟΒ^Θ BblXOAHbie CMrHanbl Ha MMKpOnpOLļeCCOp 11. CHMTbIBaHMe co LV10342 21 βοθχ θ/ΐΘκτροβΟΒ c noMouļbio MynbTnnn6Kcopa ocymecTBnB6TCB npeflnoHTMTenbHO 3a o6mee βρθμη, κοτοροθ MeHbiue m ripu onpefleneHHbix ycnoeMHx 3HaMMTenbH0 MeHbiue, μθμ pa3Hnua bo βρθμθημ MGx<fly flByMfi cneAyioiAMMM flpyr 3a npyroM nocTyna»omMMM 5 MMnynbcaMM MonoKa. Ecnn cockm KOpoBbi opaMBaiOTCfl b πθρθμθηηομ Taicre, to 3Ta pa3Hnua bo βρθμθημ οοοτθβπηθτ πρμμθρηο 0,5 οθκ. B 9T0M cnyHa© i4enecoo6pa3Hoe βρθμβ οημτηββημβ οοοτθβπβθτ ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ 0,1 C0K. ΠθρβΟΟΗθρθΑΗΟΜ 38ΑΒΜΘΜ ΜΜΚρΟΠρΟΑΘΟΟΟρβ ΗΒΠΗΘΤΟΗ 10 o6pa30BaHMe οτηοομτθπβηογο HMcna Cm- flna θτογο oh 3anoMMHaeT BHanane M3M0pa0Myio Ha μ3μθρμτθγ^ηομ ynacTKe Be/iMHMHy. B κθηθοτβθ 6a30B0ro M3MepMTenbHoro yHacTKa, xax yxe roeopMnocb Bbiiue, npeflnoHTMTenbHo πρμημμβθτοβ μ3μθρβθμθβ βθπμημη3, KOTopafi Μ3ΜθρΒβΤ0Β Ha C3M0M HM)KH6M ypOBHe, Τ.Θ. Ha ypOBH0 15 ΗΘΠΟΟρΘΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ BblUJ0 flHa ΜθρΗΟΓΟ C0Cyfla 1. ΠρΜ 3T0M ΜΟΧΟΑΗΤ M3 ΤΟΓΟ, HTO ΜΟΠΟΚΟ, ΚΟΤΟρΟΘ ΗΘΠΟΟρΘΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ ΗβΧΟΑΜΤΟΒ Η ΘΑ ΑΗΟΜ cocyAa, npaicTMHecKM ηβπαθτοη yxe ποπηοοτβιο Asra30BaHHbiM. Τθκμμ o6pa30M, b α^ηηομ cnynae M3MepaeMafl βθπμημηθ, KOTopaa μ3μθρ«θτολ c noMOiiļbio caMoro ημ>κηθγο sneicrpoAa, T.e. sneicrpoAa E1 20 Mcnonb3yeTCH b ιοηθοτβθ 6a30B0M βθπμημημ. θοπμ b κθηθοτβθ Μ3ΜΘΡΒΘΜΟΜ BSflMHMHbl Μ3Μθρ«ΘΤ0Β ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΘ Rm . ΚΟΤΟρΟΘ nonyHaeTca οοοτβθτοτβθηηο Ha M3MepMTenbH0M ynacTKe ”m” Mexgļy 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Μ M npOTMBOnOnO)KHblM 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Μ, TO Μ3ΜθρΒ6Μ3Β βθπμημηθ Κι o6pa3yeT απη sneicrpoAa Ei ΕΑ30ΒΥΙ0 M3MepyieMyK) 25 B0J1MMMHy Ro · TaK KaK ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΘ B HMCTOM B03AyXe 60nbllie, ΗΘΜ ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΘ ΠρΜ ΤΘΧ >ΚΘ yCnOBMHX Μ3ΜΘρΘΗΜ51 Β ΜΟΠΟΚΘ, Μ3 KOTOpprO yAaneH ra3, το β «anecTBe οτηοομτθπβηογο HMcna cm απβ κ3>καογό 3ΠΘκτροΑ3 Em očpa3yeTca οτηοιαθημθ 30 ^ = Cm 3θΠΜ yCnOBMfl ΑΠΗ ΒΟΘΧ M3MepMT6nbHblX yHaCTKOB Μ 6a30BblX M3MepMTenbHbix yHacTKOB οαμηθκοβμ, το 3Η3ηθημβ οτηοομτθπβηογο HMcna Cm ηθχοαητοη Me>KAy 1, ητο οοοτβθτοτβοβθπο 6w MonoKy, M3 35 KOToporo npaKTMHecKM yAaneH ra3, μ 0, ητο πρθκτμηθοκμ cooTBeTCTBOBano 6bi M3MepnTenbHOMy ynacTKy b B03Ayxe. 22
Ha Φμγ.2, HanpMMep, npepcTaBneHa 3aBncnM0CTb οτηοομτθπβηογο Hncna
o-tT ot BennHMHbi M3MepiieM0li βθπμημην R. Cnafloeano 6bi BcnoMHMTb, o TOM, HTO "C” ΠΒΠΠβΤΟΗ M3Mep8HHblM Ha ΟΠρβΑΘΠΘΗΗΟΜ ypOBH8 OTHOCHTenbHbiM HMcnoM, c KOTopbiM πβρθΜΗΟχοβτοπ yflenbHaa nnoTHOCTb Q Μοποκβ, M3 κοτορογο ypaneH ra3, ητο6η onpeflenMTb yA©nbHy»o πηοτΗοση» πθην Ha stom ypoBH8. Tenepb xoa stom ΓΜΠθρδοπκΗθοκοίί kpmbom, KaK 6bino ycTaHOBneHO, 3aBMCMT τβιοκβ οτ paccTOflHMH M8)Kfly aneKTpoflaMM m npOTMBonono>KHbiM aneicrpOAOM. ripu 6onbiuMx paccTOfiHHHx Me>Kfly 3πβκτροΑ3ΜΜ mv\ n3MepmenbHbix yHacTKax, npM κοτορ^χ OAHaKO none3Hbie cnrHanbi cpaBHHTenbHO ΗΘΒ8ΠΜΚΜ, ΧΟΑ ΚρΜΒΟίί ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ COOTBeTCTByeT ΙφΜΒΟΜ ”a", B TO ΒρβΜΗ κβκ npH He6onbujnx paccTOHHnax Me>KAy aneicrpoAaMH nonywaeTcn xapaKTepncTMKa b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c kpmbom ”b”, τ.θ. xoa rnnep6ononAbi Kpyne. Kax mojkho BHAeTb, o6e pa3nnMHbie KpiiBbie πρβΑΟτβΒππκττ co6om pa3JiHHHbie oueHKM AOnn μοποκθ β πθηθ μπμ τοηηο τβιοκβ pa3ntiHHyK> oueHKy B03Ay3a b cooTBeTCTByiomeii πθηθ. flepeA ncnonb30BaHneM ΠΙΟδΟΓΟ Μ3Μ8ΡΜΤ8Π3Η0Γ0 npn6opa ero 06blHH0 ΗΘΟβΧΟΑΜΜΟ Kann6poBaTb. ll03T0My β οοοτβθτοτβημ c stum m b ashhom cnyHae KaxAy»o M3MepnTenbHyK) CMCT8My eme ao ee ncnonb30BaHna hoo6xoahmo KannāpoeaTb nyTBM cpaBHeHiia paccmiTaHHOii Maccbi Μοποκβ Π c οπρθαθπθηηομ nyTeM B3Beiuw3aHHH Maccoft Μοποκβ, hto6w cooTB©TCTByiomee n3MepeHHoe oTHOcmenbHoe mhcho ”c” McnpaBHTb b C00TB8TCTBMH C KanHČpOBKOM. B o6meM cnyna8 Kann6poBKa Μ0*βτ 6biTb npOBeAeHa cneAyiomMM o6pa30M: BHanane οαμη θκ3θμππ«ρ Kann6pyeMoro MepHoro cocyAa τθκοΐί >K8 KOHCTpyKiļMM B3BeujHBaeTca b nycT0M βμαθ βμθοτθ c HaxOA«lAMMMCH Β ΗβΜ lrt3MepMTenbHblMH HyBCTBMT8nbHblMM 3ΠΘΜΘΗΤ3ΜΜ, 33ΤΘΜ 3anOnHHeTCH neHVICTbIM ΜΟΠΟΚΟΜ H M3 H3MepyieMblX ΒΘΠΜΜΜΗ lm H lo o6pa3y8Tca oTHocHTenbHoe ημοπο cm αππ xa>KAoro ypoBH« "m\ Ποοπβ 3Τ0Γ0 BHOBb npOH3BOAHTCH Β3ΒΘ11ΙΜΒ3ΗΜΘ, HTOČbl ΟΠρβΑΘΠΙΤΠ» MaCCy G 3annToro πθημοτογο Μοποκβ. 3tot npouecc ποβτορπθΤΟΗ 50-100 pa3 c pa3J!HHHblM ΠΟ B03M0JKH0CTH ΠβΗΜΟΤΝΜ ΜΟΠΟΚΟΜ OT pa3nHHHblX KOpOB npīd pa3HHHHblX ΠΟ B03M0)KH0CTH yCnOBMflX ΑΟΘΗΜΗ. LV10342 . 23 kl3 nonyHeHHoro thkmm o6pa30M Maiepnana flaHHbix o6pa30BaHHbie BHanane OTHOCMTenbHbie nncna Cm TpaHCCpopMMpyiOTCfl c noMOiMbio M3BecTHoro ΜβτθΜβτιΐΗθοκοΓΟ cnoco6a riOMCKa B CKOppBKTupoBaHHbie OTHOCMTenbHbie HMcna c'm τθκμμ o6pa30M, mto 5 ημ>κθοπθαυκ)ιμθθ ypaBH6Hne βμποπηηθτο^ απβ Bcex προβθαθηηβιχ 3TanOHHblX M3MepeHHM (B3BeiiJMBaHHii): G = Qxtv»x< m=1 10 ΓφΜΗΘΜ: = ī+bxcm + dxc8m w Κθ9φφΜ14ΜΘΗΤΒΙ ā,b,d,Z 3Τ0Γ0 ΟδίΜΘΓΟ ρΘφθΟΟΜΒΗΟΓΟ ΒΜρ3>ΚΘΗΜΗ c noMOiiļbio nocneAOBaTenbHoro perpeccneHoro aHann3a MoryT 6biTb nocTeneHHO npn6nn>KeHbi κ ηβμαθηηνμ αθμοτβμτθπβηβιμ 3Η3ηθημημ Κ03φφΜ14ΜΘΗΤ0Β. ΚρΜΤθρΜβΜ ΑΠ* ΠρΜΗΒΤΜΗ ρθΙΙΙΘΗΜΒ Ο ΟΤβΠΘΗΜ 20 ΠρΜβΠΜΧΘΗΜΒ Πρίΐ MCnonb30BaHMM 3Τ0Γ0 Μ3ΤΘΜ3ΤΜΗΘ0Κ0Γ0 ΟΠΟΟΟββ ΒΒΠΒΘΤΟΒ MMHMMM3ai4MB Β03ΒΘΑΘΗΗΒΙΧ Β ΚΒ3ΑΡ3Τ ΟΤΚΠΟΗΘΗΙΊίί Me>KAy C00TBeTCTByK)iAHMM B3BeweHHbiMM \λ paccHmaHHbiMM MaccaMU MonoKa.
Ecjim o6pa3oeaHHbie 113 μ3μθρθημμ oTHOcmenbHbie Mucna c y*e HaxoA»Tca b npeAenax ot 0 ao 1, b OonbīuiiHCTBe cnynaeB αοοτβτοηηο, 25 noAcraBMTb 5=5=0, βτβιοκθ 5=1 μ μ3μθηητβ TonbKO Hz". Βθπμμμηο "z", KOTopaa b 3tmx cnyHaax nonyHaeTCB M3 perpeccnBHoro aHarw3a, HaxoAMTC« b npeAenax ot 0,33 ao 3. Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΙΛΜ C OAMHBKOBblM ΠρΜΗ11ΜΠΟΜ ΜΟΧΘΤ OCymeCTBri51TbCa KannčpOBKa onncbiBaeMoro ημ>κθ 6onee ποαροΟηο pacxoflOMepa,B 30 HacTHOCTM, AonoriHMTenbHO μο>κθτ onpepenaTbca TaioKe onpeAenaeMbiii noTOK Maccu nyieM β3βθιαμβ3ημη (μ αμΦΦθρθηψφοββημη) c noMOiiļbio AOnOnHMTenbHO ΠΟΑΚΠΙΟΗΘΗΗΟΓΟ COCyAa ΑΠΒ B3BLUHBaHHa. ΠρΜ 3T0M, pa3yMeeTCfl, ηθοΟχοαμμο yMMTbiBaib BpeMeHHyio 3aAep>KKy, KOTopaa nonyHaeTca Mex<Ay cooTBeTCTByiomMM μ3μθρθημθμ Ha 3neKTpoAax b 35 MepHOM cocyAe m BnycxoM ομθομ M3 MonoKa n neHbi b cocyA απα B3BeiiJMBaHMB. 24
ΠρΜ MCn0nb30BaHMH ΟΠΜΟβΗΗΟβ C nOMOtiļbK) φΜΓ.1 Μ3ΜΘρΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΜ CMCTeMbr 6bmo o6Hapy>xeHO, ητο κορρβκμΜΒ μ3μθρθηηογο OTHOcmenbHoro nncna ”c’ ” βοβκμμ pa3 Morna ocymecTBnynrbC5? c nOMOllļbtO ΟβΗΟΓΟ Μ ΤΟΓΟ )ΚΘ nOKa3aTen« ΟΤΘΠΘΗΜ, KOTOpbIM HaXOflMTCH B 5 npeflenax 1-2, hto6w τθκμμ o6pa30M npneecTM b cootbbtctbmb onpefleneHHyio nyieM cyMMMpoBaHMa Maccy MonoKa c onpefleneHHofi nyT©M β3βθιιιμβ3ημβ Maccoii MO/iOKa. TaKMM o6pa30M nonyHaK)TCfl CKoppeKTMpOBaHue, OTKamiSpOBaHHbie OTHOCMTenbHbie HMcna ”c' TaK, b KpuBofi ”a” Ha Φμγ.2, KOTopaa 6bina cHBTa ripu paccTOBHMM Mex<Ay 10 aneiapoflaMM 30 mm, ece 3ηβηθημη "cm" 6binn B03BeAeHbi b creneHb c noKa3aTeneM 1,6. HanpoTMB, npn KpMBoii ”b”, KOTopaa 6bina CHirra πρκ paccTOflHMM Mexcfly θΠθκτροΑβΜΜ 3 mm, bcb M3MepeHHbie 3Η3ηθημα "cm" flon>KHbi 6binn B03B0AHTbCB b CTBneHb c noKa3aTen©M 1,1. T.e. bcbkhm pa3 o6pa3yeTCB ypaBHeHne (cm)z=c'm b κοτοροΜ "z” ηβπβθτοβ 15 οπρθαθπθηηογο nyTeM Kann6poBKM noKa3aTeneM στβπβΗΜ.
TaKMM o6pa30M, MUKponpoueccop onpepenfleT c yneTOM ΗθοδχοΑΜΜΟΐί ripu M3BecTHbix ycnOBMAX b pe3ynbTaie KamiāpOBKM Μ3ΤΘΜ3ΤΜΗΘΟΚθίί KOppeKlļUM ΑΠΒ ΚβΧΑΟΓΟ CHHTMfl ΠΟΚβββΗΜίί C sneKTpofla E cooTBeTCTBytoiuee OTHocMTenbHoe hmcho c'm. 3to 20 OTHocMTenbHoe nncno yMHox<aeTCB Ha HopManbHyio nnoTHOCTb MonoKa, τβκ hto mo>kho CKa3aTb, ητο προμ3βθαθημθ c'm x Q flaeT cooTBeTCTByiomyio pone B03Ayxa MOA^nunpoBaHHyio yAenbHyK> nnoTHOCTb απβ Ka>KAoro ypOBHa "m”. Ta< xax ripu onncaHHOM npHMepe BbinonHeHMB o6teM Vm Mex<Ay οοοτβθτοτβθηηο cneAyiomMMM Apyr 3a 25 APyrOM AByMB ypOBHBMM MJIH ΘΠΒΚΤρΟΑβΜΜ Em H Em-1 OAHHaKOB, paeeH npidMepHO V, to nyreM ηβρβΜΗΟκβΗΜΒ εθημμμη c'mxQxV nonyHaiOT Maccy μοποκθ, KOTopaa μμθθτοβ b cnoe Ha cooTBeTCTByiomeM ypoBHe. IlyTeM cyMMnpoBaHna 3tmx Macc MonoKa Ka*Aoro ypoBHB ”m" no bcbm ypoBH«M ot 1 ao "n" nonyHaeTca 3aTeM oāmaa Macca MonoKa b cocyA01. 30 3tm BbiHMcmiTenbHbie npoueccbi BbinonHatoTca 3βτομ3τμηθοκμ MMKponpoueccopOM MP. 06maa Macca MonoKa OTo6pa>KaeTca Ha MHAMKaTOpHOM yCTpOHCTBB 12.
Ha Φμγ. 3 b οχθμ3ΤΜηθοκομ n306pa>KeHmi noKa3ana 3aBMCMMOCTb
H3MBpBHHblX ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗ OTHOCMTBJIbHOrO HMCna ”C" B 3aBHCHMOCTM OT 35 ypoBHB, τ.θ. b 33BHCHMOCTM ot pacnono>KeHHbix Apyr Hafl ApyrOM aneKTpoAOB. Ha opAMHaTe OTAenbHbie MapKMpoBKM o6o3HaHaioT pacnono>KeHHbie Apyr ηθα APyroM aneicrpopbi μπμ ypoBHM. Ha a6cAncce LV10342 ' ‘ 25 yKa3aHa βθπμημηθ οτηοομτθπβηογο HMcna ”c”. B onncaHHOM 3flecb npMMepe BbinonHeHMa 3Ta eenuniiHa κοπθ6πθτοπ y>Ke b npepenax ot 1 ao Hyna. KpuBan "c” noi<a3biBaeT οτηοομτθπβημθ nncna, κοτορωθ nOnyHaiOTCB ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ M3 M3MepGHHblX OTHOCMTenbHblX Mucen ”c” 5 nyTBM Β03ΒΘΑΘΗΜΛ b CTeneHb c onpeAeneHHbiM noKa3aieneM. flna KptiBOti "c' ” 1 03HanaeT μοποκο 6θ3 B03Ayxa, b to βρθμπ xax βθπμημηθ Hynb yKa3biBaeT B03Ayx 6θ3 μοποκθ. M3o6paxeHMe noKaabiBaeT, npaicTMHBCKU ao ypOBHn A ece sneiapopbi AaioT M3MepneMyio BennHHHy C* = 1, HTO CBMABTenbCTByeT O TOM, HTO AO 3Τ0Γ0 ypOBHB MMOtOTCa 10 npaKTnsecKM ηθ coAep>Kamee B03Ayxa μοποκο. B 30ηθ MexcAy ypoBHBMii AmB βθπμημηθ "c1 ” ηθημηθθτ OTnunaTbcn ot 1, hto CBHAeTenbCTByeT o TOM, HTO B 3TOM ΟΠΟΘ ΜΜΘΘΤΟΗ ΜΟΠΟΚΟ y>Ke CMeinaHHOe C B03AyXOM. Bbime ypOBHn Β αοππ B03flyxa cunbHO yBennHHBaeic^ n Bbiiue ypoBHn C Aonn MonoKa npaKTunecKM ηθ μοχθτ 6biTb 6onbiue M3MepeHa, τ.θ. 15 He3HaHMTenbHa.
Cnoeo6 Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΘΜ ΟβθΟΠΘΗΚΒΘΘΤ Ηθ TOnbKO Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΘ MaCCbl ΜΟΠΟΚΘ B CČOpHOM COCyAe, HO M Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΘ COOTB0TCTByK5lA0rO ΠΟΤΟΚΘ ΜΟΠΟΚΘ Μ ΟΠρβΑΘΠΘΗΜΘ ΟδίΑθϋ MaCCbl MOnOKa M3 Μ3ΜθρθΗΗΟΓΟ Β ΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ ΒρθΜΘΗΜ ΠΟΤΟΚβ MOHOKa. 20 flo cnx nop b yxe ynoMBHyTbix BHanane pacxoAOMepax, απη M3MepeHna ποτοκβ MonoKa nopuHBMM, β κοτορωχ οοοτβθτοτβθηηο οπρβΑθππιοτοπ ypoB6Hb npH BHHBaHHH μοποκθ b MonoHHyio KaM©py c nOMOUļbK) Π0ΡΒΟΓΟ M3M0pMT0nbHOrO 3H0KTpOAa Μ npH ΒΜΠΜΒΘΗΜΜ MOHOKa H3 ΜΟΠΟΗΗΟΜ KaMBpbl C nOMOUļbK) ΒΤΟρΟΓΟ Μ3ΜθρΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΓΟ 25 aneicrpoAa, cyuļ0CTBOBana cneAyioman npo6n©Ma: ηθμ MeHbiue ο6βθμ, KOTOpblM pa3rpaHMHMBa©TCfl ypOBH0M nepBOTO 3ΠΘΚΤρθΑ3 μ ypOBH0M BToporo anoKTpoAa, τθμ b npHHAHn© τοηηθθ μθμθρθημθ o6mero KOnHHBCTBa, nOTOMy HTO OCTaiOLLlMiiCn Β ΚΟΗ11Θ UHKna ΑΟΘΗΜΠ 0CT3T0K MOHOKa, ΚΟΤΟΡΟΓΟ 6onbUJ0 HeAOCTaTOHHO, HTOČbl npneeCTM Β ΑβΐίΟΤΒΜΘ 30 pacnono>KeHHbi0 Ha 6onee bbicokom ypoBH© 3ΠθκτροΑ, āonbīue ηθ yHHTbiBaeTca. Echh pacnono>K0HHbifi Me>KAy očohmm ypoBHHMM 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β o6ls0M HM00T B0nHHMHy, ΗΘΠρΜΜθρ, 200 CM3, TO 3T0, CHOAOBaTOnbHO, O3HaHa0T B03M0>KH0CTb AOnyiA0HHH oujhOkm b 200 CM3.OAHaKO senu Bbl6npaiOT MOHbLUHii O6b0M ΟΤΒΟΑΗΜΟΓΟ ΠΟΡφΙΑΜΜ 35 μοποκθ, το αοπ>κηβι nauje βκπιοηθτβοπ opraHbi ynpaBneHnn. (HanpuMep, npH ΠΟΤΟΚΘ MOHOKa 6000 cm3/mhh μ θ6ΐ>ΘΜΘ nopUHM B 200 CM3 OpraHbl ynpaBn0HMfl y>K© Aon>KHbi BKnKmTbCfl nepe3 KaxAbie 2 ceK). OpnaKO 3to 26 03Ha4aeT, hto AnuTenbHOcrb ηθχοχαθημη μ τθμ caMbiM απμτθπβηοοτβ VAaneHnn * ra3a M3 μοποκθ b μ3μθρμτθπβηομ npocTpaHCTBe c yMeHbweHneM očteMa nopuļMM CTaHOBMTCfl βοθ κοροπβ μ τθμ caMbiM M3MepeHne n3-3a MeiuaiomeM αοπμ B03flyxa ciaHOBUTca Bce μθηθθ TOHHbiM. 3tot HeflOCTaTOK μο>κθτ 6biTb y<rrpaHeH nonHOCTbto c noMouļbio cnocoāa B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ c Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΘΜ.
Ha Φμγ.4 noKa3aH πρΜΜθρ βμποπηθημα ycTpoMCTBa απb μ3μθρθημα KonunecTBa MonoKa, b κοτοροΜ μοποκο μ3μθρηθτοη ποραμβμμ. yCTpOMCTBO 20X) ΒΚΠΙ0Η3ΘΤ KOpnyC 21x), KOTOpbIM ΟφβΗΜΗΜΒΘΘΤ
BxoAHyio xaMepy 22, KOTOpan c noMombio pa3AenmenbHoii οτθηκμ 23 c μμθ»οιμμμοπ b ηθη nepenycKHbiM οτβθροτμθμ 24 οταθπθηθ ot pacnono>KeHHOH ποα Hey M3MepMTenbHoii κβΜβρω 25. Bo exoAHyio xaMepy 22 nepe3 TaHreHiļManbHO BXOA«myio bo exoAHyio xaMepy 22 noAaioiMyio Tpy6y 26 nociynaeT HaxoAnineecn ποα pa3pexeHneM αοθημη Η3Α0ΘΗΗ0Θ ΜΟΠΟΚΟ. Ηθρθ3 ΟΠΜΒΗΟΘ ΟΤΒθρΟΤΜΘ Β ΑΗΘ Μ3ΜΘΡΜΤΘΠbHOM KaMepbi 25 μοποκο cnMBaeTca Μ3 n3MepnTenbHoii KaMepu 25 b Tpy6onpOBOA ΑΠΠ ΤρβΗΟΠΟρΤΜρΟΒΚΜ ΜΟΠΟΚβ 28.
Ha ΒθρχΗβΗ οτοροΗθ Kopnyca 21 pacnonoxeHa KaMepa ynpaBneHnn 29. BxoAHan KaMepa 22 οταθπθηθ c noMombto MeMčpaHbi 30 bo βη^ρθηηθμ npocTpaHCTBe KaMepbi ynpaBneHnn 29. Ha MeM6paHe 30 3aKpenneHa CToika 31, Koiopan BbiciynaeT bhm3 nep3 BxoAHyio KaMepy b n3MepnTenbHyio xaMepy. Ημχημμ κοηθα ctomkm βνποπηθη b βμαθ ΤΟΠΚβΤΘΠΠ KnanaHa 32, KOTOpbIM ΜΟΧΘΤ B3aHMOAOHCTBOBaTb c 06pa30BaHHblM CnHBHbIM ΟΤΒΘρΟΤΜΘΜ 27 ΟΘΑΠΟΜ ΚΠβΠβΗβ 33, HT06bl 3aKpbieaTb οπηβηοθ οτβθροτμθ 27.Ha οτομκθ 31 ημχθ pa3AennTenbH0ft οτθηκμ 23 βνποπηθη Βτοροΐί TonKaTenb KnanaHa 24, KOTOpblii B3anMOAePicTByeT c βηποπηθηηβιμμ Ha nepenycKHOM οτβθροτμμ 24 οθαπομ KnanaHa 35. Τοπκθτθπμ KnanaHOB ββιποπηθημ Ha οτομκθ 21 T3KMM 06pa30M, HTO Β ΠθρΒΟΜ πρΜΠΟΑΗΠΤΟΜ ΠΟΠΟΧΘΗΜΜ CTOMKM TonKaTenb KnanaHa 34 npnneraei κ ceAny KnanaHa 34 m 3aKpbieaeT nepenycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 24, β to βρθμπ Kax οαηοβρθμθηηο τοπκθτθπβ KnanaHa 32 πρμποαημμθθτοβ ot ceAna KnanaHa 33, Tax hto BbinycKHoe OTBepCTHe 27 OTKpblTO, ΤΟΓΑΒ KaK B ΗΜΧΗΘΜ ΠΟΠΟΧΘΗΜΜ CTOMKM 31 BbinycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 27 3βκρωτο τοπκθτθπθμ KnanaHa 32 μ οαηοβρθμθηηο nepenycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 24 οτκρΜτο τοπκθτθπθμ KnanaHa 34. Κρομθ τογο. Μθρθ3 CToiiKy31 προχοΑΜΤ npocTMpaiomancn x)flaHHbie no3MLļMM Ha Φμγ.4 ηθ yKa3aHbi. LV10342 27
Bflonb npoflonbHoii ocm CKB03Han Tpy6a 36, κοτορβη μμθθτ βχοαηιμθθ ΗΜΧΘ Τ0ΠΚ3ΤΘΠΒ ΚΠβΠβΗβ 32 ΠβρΒΟΘ ΟΤΒΘΡΟΤΜΘ 37, KOTOpafl ΜΜΘΘΤ ΡΘΟποποκθηηοθ Ha υροβηθ βθρχηθμ ηθθτμ M3MepMTenbHOM KaMepbi 25 ΒΤΟρΟΘ ΟΤΒΘΡΟΤΜΘ 38 Μ ΒΧΟβλΙΜΘΘ Β ΒβρΧΗΚΗΟ MaCTb ΒΧΟΑΗΟΜ KaMepbl 5 TpeTbe οτβθροτμθ 39.
KaMepa γπρθΒΠθΗΜη 29 c noMOiubto Tpy6onpoBOAa 40 οοθαμηθηθ c 3ΠΘΚΤρ0Μ3ΓΗΜΤΗΒΙΜ KJianaHOM, KOTOpbIM C ΟΑΗΟίί CTOpOHbl ΜΜΘΘΤ ΒΧΟΑΗΟΘ ΟΤΒΘΡΟΤΜΘ 42 ΑΠΗ βΤΜΟΟφθρΗΟΓΟ B03Ayxa Μ C ΑΡΥΓΟΜ CTOpOHbl ΟΟΘΑΜΗΘΗ C nOMOtlļbK) ΤργβΟΠρΟΒΟΑΘ 43 C ΒΧΟΑΗΟΜ ΚΘΜθροίί 22. 10 3πθΚΤρθΜ3ΓΗΜΤΜΜ KJianaHOM 41 ΜΟ)ΚΗΟ ynpaBnHTb Τ3ΚΜΜ 06pa30M, HTOČbl Β ΠθρΒΟΜ ΠΟΠΟ)ΚΘΗΜΜ Tpy6onpOBOA 40 6bin ΟΟΘΑΜΗΘΗ C BXOAHblM ΟΤΒθρΟΤΜΘΜ ΘΤΜΟΟφθρΗΟΓΟ B03Ayxa 42, Β ΤΟ ΒρθΜΒ ΚβΚ ΒΟ ΒΤΟρΟΜ ποπο>κθημμ βχοαηοθ οτβθροτμθ 42 3axpbiTO μ o6pa3yeTca C ΟΘΑΜΗΘΗΜΘ μθ*αυ τργδοπροΒΟΑβΜΜ 40 μ 43. 15 Β οτθηκθ M3MepMTenbHOM , KaMepbi 25 pacnonoaceHbi M3MepMTebHbie aneKTpoAbi E-i-Em· Ha οπρθαθπθηηομ υαθπθημμ ot θτμχ 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β BHyTpM M3M0pMTenbHOM KaMepbi paCnonO)K0H npOTMBOnOnO>KHblM 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α E(). ΘΠΘΚΤρΟΑΗ Μ ΠρθΤΜΒΟΠΟΠΟ>ΚΗΗΜ 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α 00eA6Hbl 0 0ΑΜΗ3Κ0Β0Μ M3MepMTeJlbHOM ΟΧΘΜΟΜ, KOTOpafl 20 noKa3aHa Ha φΜΓ.1 μ κοτορβη ααη nyMiueii η3γπηαηοοτμ M3o6pax<eHa Ha Α3ΗΗ0Μ M30Čpa)KeHMM nMUJb ΟΧΘΜβΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ Β ΒΜΑΘ M3MepMTejlbHOM CMCTOMbl 44. M3MepMTenbHaH ΟΜΟΤΘΜΒ Ha Bbl6op Μ03ΚΘΤ 6blTb 00ΘΑΜΗΘΗ3 ΗΘΠΟΟρθΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ C nOMOUUblO J1MHMM 45 MJ1M ΒΜΘΟΤΟ 3Τ0Γ0 ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb np0AycMOTpeHa cxeMa ynpaBneHMn ποορθαοτβομ pene βρθμθημ 46, 25 KOTopan no jimhmhm 47 m 48 B036yx<AaeT θπθκτρομθγημτημ KnanaH 41, ΥΑβρ>ΚΜΒ3ΘΤ ΘΓΟ B pa3B036y>KAeHHOM COCTOflHMM Μ ΟΑΗΟΒρβΜΘΗΗΟ M3MepMTenbHaa ομοτθμθ οουιαθοτβπηθτ ynpaeneHMe t3kmm o6pa30M, HTO BCflKMM pa3 ΟΠρθΑΘΠΒΘΤΟΒ ΜΜΘΙΟΙΑΘΘΟΑ B flaHHblM ΜΟΜΘΗΤ Β M3MepMT0JlbHOM ΚβΜθρβ 25 ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ MOJlOKa. 30 ΠρΜδΟρ Β 33ΒΜΟΜΜΟΟΤΜ ΟΤ ΤΟΓΟ, ΠρθΑΥ0Μ0ΤρθΗ3 ΠΜ ΟΧΘΜβ ynpaeneHMB ποορθαοτβομ pene βρθμθημ 46 μπμ M3MepMTenbHan ΟΜΟΤΘΜΒ 44 ΗΘΠΟΟΡΘΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ ΟΟΘΑΘΗβ C ΘΠΘΚΤρθΜ3ΓΗΜΤΗ^Μ ΚΠΘΠΘΗΟΜ 44, μο>κθτ pa6oTaTb αβυμβ cnoco6aMM. nepBbiM πρμηαμπ αθμοτβμα 3aKniOHaeTcn β οπθαυιοιαθμ. 35 BHanane 3a τργδοπροβΟΑΟΜ 28 απβ τρβΗοπορτΜροΒΚΜ Μοποκβ, CKB03HOM ΤργδΟΜ 36 C θθ ΟΤΒβρΟΤΜΒΜΜ 37, 38, 39 ΚβΚ Β M3MepMTenbHOM KaMepe, τθκ μ βο βχοαηομ KaMepe 22, a τθιοκθ β Tpy6e Απη ποαθημ 28 Μοποκβ 26 npeoānanaeT C03flaBaeMbiii npn αοθημμ BaxyyM. SneKTpoMarHMTbiii KnanaH 41 ηθχοαμτοβ b ποποχθημμ, b κοτοροΜ Tpy6onpOBOfl 40 COeflMHeH c βΤΜΟΟφθρΟίί, B TO BpBMfl K3K TpyāOnpOBOfl 43 3aKpbiT. Πο npMMUHa npeo6nafla»omero b KaMepe ynpaBneHM* 29 5 aTMoccpepHoro ΑβΒ/ίθΗΜΗ no cpaBHeHMK) c npeoSnaflaioinMM bo βχοαηομ KaMepe 22 pa3pexemieM ctomkm 31 nepeMemaeTcn προτΜΒ αθΡΙοτβμλ ycnnnfl npy>KMHbi 49, KOTOpan pacnono>KeHa b KaMepe ynpaBneHMn m 0Ka3biBaeT Ha M6M6paHy 30 HanpaBneHHoe ΒΒβρχ ycnmie pacTfDKeHMB, βημ3 b KpaMHee HMJKHee ποπωκβΗΜθ. B θτομ ποποχθημμ TonKaienb 10 KnanaHa 32 npnneraei κ cneAy KnanaHa 33 u 3annpaeT βμχοαηοθ OTBepcTne 27, TorAa KaK c Apyrow οτοροΗω oTKpbuo nepenycKHoe οτΒβροτΜβ 24. rioAaHHoe M3 ποαβοαλιαθμ Tpy6bi 26 bo exoAHyio KaMepy 22 Μοηοκο τβπβτ τθκμμ o6pa30M HenocpeACTBeHHo nepee nepenycKHoe οτΒβροτΜβ 24 b n3MepmenbHyio KaMepy n co6npaeTcn b ηθμ. C 15 noMouļbto cxeMbi ynpapneHiifl nocpeACTBOM pene BpeMeHU 46 nepee 3apaHee onpeAeneHHbie npoMe>KyTKM BpeMeHM, KOTopbie BbiāpaHbi T3KMM 06pa30M, HTO A^*® ΠρΜ MaKCMMaflbHOM ΠΟΤΟΚβ ΜΟΠΟΚβ M3MepMTenbHafļ KaMepa He 3anonH«eTCB ao ypoBHfl οτΒβροτνιη 38, nepnoAnnecKM ocymecTBnfleTcn πβρβκηιΟΗβΗΜβ. Πρκ nocTynneHMM 20 nepBoro nepeKnionaiomero cnmana c noMombio μβμθρμτθπβηομ cncTOMbi 44 aBTOMaTMMecKM onpeAenaeTCH HaxoAfluieecn κ AaHHOMy MOMemy ΒρβΜβΗΜ b M3MepmenbHOM KaMepe 25 κοπμηθοτβο Μοποκβ m 3tot napaMeTp 3anOMHHaeTcn. nepeKmoHatomnii nMnynbc ΟΑΗΟΒρβΜβΗΗΟ cnoco6cTByeT TOMy, hto nepeKniOHaeTCB 25 sneKTpOMarHMTHbiii KnanaH 41, TaK hto Tenepb npepbiBaeTcn coeAHHeHHe Tpy6onpOBHAa 40 c βΤΜΟΟφβροκ μ οαηοβρθμθηηο o6pa3yeTcn coeAHHeHHe c Tpy6onpOBOAOM 43. B pe3ynbTaTe θτογο co3AaeTcn BbipaBHUBaHue AaeneHMa μθχαυ βχοαηομ KaMepofl ynpaBneHnn 29, BcneACTBMe nero Tenepb M6M6paHa 30 c noMombio 30 3aKpenneHHoii Ha Heii ctohkh 31 c noMombio npy>KHHbi 49 οτκποΗηβτοη ΒΒβρχ. B pe3ynbTaTe θτογο cToika 31 3aHMMaeT KpaiiHee ΒβρχΗβθ ποηο>κβΗΜβ, b κοτοροΜ τοηκΒτβπΒ KnanaHa 34 npHneraeT κ ceAny KnanaHa 34 v\ 3aKpbiBaeT nepenycKHoe OTBepcTHe 24. TaKMM o6pa30M, Bce nocTynaioii;ee nx noAaiomero Tpy6onpoBOAa μοποκο co6npaeTcn bo 35 βχοαηοη KaMepe 22. Οαηοβρθμθηηο b pe3ynbTaTe npnnoAHMMaHnn ctomkh oTKpbieaeTcn BbinycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 27, TaK hto μοποκο h3 M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepbi 25 μο>κθτ οτθκθτβ no Tpy6onpOBOAy 28 απ« LV10342 29
TpaHcnopTupoBKM Μοποκβ. BnaroAapn HanuMnio οκβοθηομ Tpy6bi 36 o6ecneHHBaeTca to, hto flaxe bo BpeMn οτθκθημπ μοποκθ KaK b Tpy6onpoBOfle 28 απη TpaHcnopTMpOBKM Μοποκβ, TaK m b M3MepMTenbH0M KaMepe, KaK μ bo βχοαηομ KaMepe 22 npeoānaflaeT to xe caMoe 5 AaeneHvie, TaK mto μοποκο στβκβθτ ποα βοθαθμοτβμθμ οο6οτβθηηογο Beca. Πο μοτθηθθημμ 3apaHee onpeAeneHHOro βρθμθημ c noMombto cx@Mbi ynpaBneHMa nocpeACTBOM peņa βρθμθημ 46 BHOBb ocymecTBna©Tca πβρβκηκ)ΗβΗΜβ ηθ nepBOHananbHoe οοοτοπημθ. Τθκμμ 06pa30M, ΟΑΗΟΒΡΘΜΘΗΗΟ 0ΜΓΗ3Π ΠΟΑβθΤΟΒ Ha M3M9pMTenbHyiO CMCT0My 10 44, KOTOpaa 3βτομ3τμηθοκμ οπρβΑθππβτ οοτβτοκ Μοποκβ κ AaHHOMy
MOMemry βρθμθημ b M3MepMTenbHOM KaMepe 25. dTa βθπμημηθ TaioKe 3anoMMHaeTCfl b M3MepMTenbHOM ομοτθμθ 44 m pa3HMua Mex<Ay nepBOM M BTOpoiS 38Π0ΜΗβΗΗ0Μ ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΟΜ AaeT φθΚΤΜΗβΟΚΜ ΟΠΜΤΟΘ ΜΟΠΟΚΟ oahom 3arpy3KM. C noMombio ynpaBnniomero MMnynbca, nocTynaiomero 15 ot cxeMbi ynpaBneHiiB nocpeACTBOM pene βρθμθημ 46, KaK yxe 6bino CKa3aHo, ycTaHaBnnBaeTC« nepeoe οοοτοπημθ θπθκτρομθγημτηογο KnanaHa μ τθμ caMbiM OTHOCMTenbHO ηοπωκβΗΜΠ ctomkm 31, TaK hto Tenepb coāpaHHoe bo βχοαηομ KaMepe 22 μοποκο μοχθτ οτθκθτβ b M3MepnTenbHyio KaMepy 25 μ τθμ co6npaTbcn. 3θτθμ θτοτ npoLļecc 20 ποθτορπθτοπ AO οκοηηθημπ npouecca αοθημπ. H3MepMTenbHan cncTeMa 44 cyMMnpyeT BbiBeA©HHyio b κοηιαθ npn Ka*AOM 3arpy3Ke Maccy Μοποκβ μ τθμ caMbiM οπρβΑβππβτ o6myio HaAoeHHyio Maccy μοποκθ. ΕθΠΜ B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ CO BTOpbIM ΠρΜΗΑΜΠΟΜ ΑβΜΟΤΒΜΠ ΒΜΘΟΤΟ cxeMbi ynpaBneHnn nocpeACTBOM pene βρθμθημ 46 c M3MepMTenbHOM 25 ΟΜΟΤΘΜΟΜ ΗΘΠΟΟρθΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ ΟΟΘΑΜΗΠΘΤΟΠ 3neKTpOMarHMTHblM KnanaH 41, TO ΠΡΜΗ14ΜΠ ΑΘΜΟΤΒΜΠ 3Η3Π0ΓΜΗΘΗ, ΟΑΗΘΚΟ B 3T0M CHyHae πβρθκπιοΗβΗΜθ ocyiiļecTBnneTcn πθρμοαμηθοκμ ηθ b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c 3apaHee οπρθαθπθηηβιμμ προΜβχψτκβΜΜ βρθμθημ, 6onee τογο, MSMepMTenbHan ομοτθμ3 HacTpaMBaeTcn τθκμμ o6pa30M, hto OHa nepe3 30 κοροτκΜθ npoMex<yTKM βρθμθημ Μ3Μθρπβτ HaxoAflinyiocn b AaHHbiM ΜΟΜΘΗΤ B M3MepMT6nbH0M ΚΘΜβρβ 25 MaCCy ΜΟΠΟΚΘ. 3βΤβΜ πρΜ ΑΟΟτμχθημμ 3apaHee οπρθαθπθηηομ Maccbi μοποκθ c M3MepMTenbHOM CMCTeMbi 44 cooTBeTCTByiomMM ομγηθπ πθρθκπιοηθημπ noAaeTcn Ha aneKTpoMarHMTHbiM KnanaH 41. Τθμ caMbiM μοχθτ cnneaTbcn 35 HaxoA«meecn b n3MepMTenbHoii KaMepe 25 μοποκο. flax<e b τθηθημθ 3Τ0Γ0 ΒρβΜΘΗΜ C nOMOUļbK) M3M0pMTenbHOM CMCTeMbl 44 ΠβρΜΟΑΜΗβΟΚΜ onpeAenneTcn Macca μοποκθ b ιιθμθρμτθπβηομ KaMepe 25. 3θτθμ πρΜ 30 ποημχθημκ 3apaHee οπρθΑβπθΗΗοίί Maccu MonoKa ημχθ onpepeneHHoii BenMHMHbi-c M3MepnTenbHoii cncTeMbi 44 Ha aneiorpoMarHMTHbiii KnanaH 41 noflaaTCfl HOBbiii CHnnan πθρθκπιοηθημβ. Τθμ caMbiM BbinycKHoa OTBepcme 27 BHOBb 3aKpbiBaeTCfl, Torpa KaK nepenycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 24 5 OTKpbiBaeTCB. M b stom cnynae cnmaa b Kax<A0ii nopumi Macca MonoKa ΟΠρΘΑΘΠΒΘΤΟΒ M3 yCTaHOB/ieHHOii M3MepmenbH0ii CMCTeMOM 44 pa3HMLļbl. 3το μ3μθρθηηοθ κοπμηθοτβο MonoKa b κοηαθ npopecca αοθημη cyMMnpyeTCB, HTOābi nonyHmb o6mee κοπμηθοτβο MonoKa.
TaKMM 06pa30M, 3T0 Μ3ΜβρΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΘ yCTpOMCTBO B COOTBeTCTBMH 10 c Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜβΜ, ocymecTBnfliomee μ3μθρθημθ ποραμημμ, μμθθτ no cpaBHeHMK) c M3BecTHbiMM flo cnx nop ycTpoMCTBaMM npeMMymecTBO, 3aKni0HaeTCB b tom, mto o6beM 3arpy3KH ηθ ecerAa αοπ>κθη 6biTb OAMHaKOBbiM. ΟπρβΑβηθΗΜθ MOMema πθρθκπκϊηθημη ocyiuecTB/ifleTCfl ΗΘ Ha OCHOBaHMM ΗΘΟΠρθΑβΠΒΘΜΟΓΟ B ΟΜΘΟΒΧ M3 B03Ayxa Μ Μ0Π0Κ3 15 ypoBH« MonoKa, a b 3aBncviMOCTw μπμ ot βρθμθημ, min ot Φθκτμηθοκμ MMeiomeiicfl b M3MepmenbHoii KāMepe Maccbi MonoKa. Tohho yHMTbiBaeTCf) τβιοκθ ηθ οπμτοθ κοπμηθοτβο MonoKa npn xa>KAOii 3arpy3K6. HaKOHeiļ, ηθ ocrratOTCfl τθιοκθ HeyHTeHHbiMM Maccbi MonoKa, KOTOpbix npM M3BecTHyx ycnoBH«x 6bmo 6bi ηθαοοτθτοηηο b κοηαθ 20 npouecca αοθημβ, ητο6βι nonyHMTb nonHyio 3arpy3Ky, no3TOMy ηθ 6wn 6bi Bbipa6oTaH cHrHan ynpaBneHHfl μπμ μ3μθρθημβ.
Ha Φμγ.5 noKa3aH Apyroii πριίΜβρ βνποπηθηιιη ycrpoiiCTBa 50 απα M3M0peHHB ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΘ ΜΟΠΟΚβ ΠΟρΑΜΒΜΜ. Β KOpnyce 51 npeAycMOTpeHbi βχοαηθβ KaMepa 52 h pacnono>KeHHafl ποα ηθμ 25 H3MepmenbHaB KaMepa 55, οοθαμηθηηθβ c βχοαηομ KaMepofl c noMoiubio nepenycKHoro οτβθροτμ* 54. B BxoAHyio KaMepy βχοαμτ BnycKHaa Tpy6a 53 απα nopasM MonoKa. l1epenycKHoe OTBepcTHe 54 3aKpbiT0 CHH3y 3ac/i0HK0tf 56, KOTOpaa BbinoiiHeHa β βμαθ ycTaHOBneHHoro β τοηκθ 57 Ha mapHHpe ABynneHHoro pbinara, BTopoe 30 ππθηο κοτοροΓΟ coctoht H3 προτιΐΒΟΒθοβ 58, KOTOpbm yAepxnBaeT 3aCnOH«y 56 B ΟΟΠρΜΚΟΟΗΟΒΘΗΜΜ, Μ ΤΘΜ caMbiM B 3aKpblT0M ποποχθημμ, c cooTB0TCTByiomnM οθαπομ KnanaHa 59 Ha nepenycKHOM OTBapcTHH 54.
Bxoah3h KaMepa 52 c πομοιφ>ιο Tpy6onpoBOAa 60 οοθαμηθηθ c ΒΘΗΤΜΠΘΜ 61, KOTOpbltf ΜΟΧΘΤ COCTOHTb M3 ΘΠΘΚΤρΟΜβΓΗΜΤΗΟΓΟ KJianaHa, 35 0AH3K0 Aiifl hchocth ero φyHκ^nn oh M3o6paxeH Β φορΜθ lUil^OBa/lbHOrO ΒΘΗΤΜΠΗ C ΠροδΚΟΜ. CaM BeHTHHb C nOMOliļblO Tpy6onpoBOAa 62 οοθαμηθη c M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepoii 55. LV10342 31 ΚρΟΜΘ ΤΟΓΟ, Π03ΜΙ4ΜΘΜ 63 θ6θ3Η3ΗΘΗ ΜΟΠΟΚΟΠρΟΒΟβ, ΠΟ KOTOpOMy C nOMOUļbK) ρ33ρθ)ΚΘΗΜ« OTBOflMTCfl ΜΟΠΟΚΟ. Β ΜΟΠΟΚΟΠρΟΒΟβ 63 BbiCTynaeT Tpy6a 64, flpyroii κοηθιι 65 κοτοροίί BbiCTynaeT β ymy6neHiie 66 β αημιμθ M3MepnTenbHOii KaMepbi 55. Ha κοηαθ 65 β 5 caMoii Tpy6e npeflycMOTpeH o6paTHbiii «nanaH β φορΜθ npuneraiomero πόα βο3αθηοτβμθμ οο6οτβθηηογο Beca κ ceAny 57 KnanaHa tuapuKa 58. HaKOHeu, βχοαηθβ KaMepa 52 c noMOiiļbK) APyroro Tpy6onpoBOAa 69 TaioKe coeAUHeHa c μοποκοπροβοαομ 63. B M3MepMTenbHoit Kaiviepe, xax μ β οπμοβηηομ Bbitue ycTpoiicTBe, 10 npeAyčMOTpeHO HecKonbKo M3MepnTenbHbix θπθκτροαοβ Ei-En, KOTOpbie pacnono)KeHbi προτΜβ o6mero προτιλβοποποχηογο aneiapoAa Ε<>. SneicrpoAbi οοθαμηθημ c M3MepnTenbHoii cncieMoii 74, KOTopaa COOTBBTCTBy©T M3M0pMTeJlbHOM ΟΧΘΜΘ, Π0Κ3Χ3ΗΗ0Μ Ha φΜΓ.1. H3MepnTenbHafl CMCTeMa c noMOUļbK) θπβκτρΜΗθοκοίί jimhmm 70 15 COGAHHBHa C ΒΘΗΤΜΠΘΜ 61, ΘΟΠΜ OH ΒΒΠΗΘΤΟΑ ΘΠΘΚΤρΟΜΘΧβΗΜΗβΟΚΜΜ ΒΘΗΤΜΠΘΜ, ΜΠΜ C nOMOUļbK) Ηβ ΠΟΚΘΘΘΗΗΟΓΟ Ha ΗθρΤΘΧΘ McnonHHTe^bHoro ycTpoiicTBa, ecnn penb μαθτ ο μθχθημηθοκομ ΒΘΗΤΜΠΘ. npMHLļHn αθηοτβμλ 3Τ0Γ0 yCTpOMCTBa cneAyK>mnii. 20 BHanane βχοαηθβ KaMepa 52 ν\ M3MepirrenbHaa KaMepa 55 c noMOiubio Tpy6onpoBOAa 69 μπμ 64 ΗβχοΑπτοπ ποα αθμοτβμθμ npeoGnaAaiomero πρκ αοθημμ β ΜΟΠοκοηροΒορβ 63 BaKyyMa. floAaHHoe H3 ΒΧΟΑΗΟΗ Tpy6bl 53 ΒΟ BXOAHyiO KaMepy ΜΟΠΟΚΟ ΟΤΚρΝΒβΘΤ co6cTB0HHbiM BecoM 3anopHyio 3acnoHicy 56 μ TaKHM o6pa30M nonaAaeT 25 β M3MepMTenbHyio KaMepy 55. M3MepMTenbHaa ομοτθμβ 74 nepe3 κοροτκΜβ npoMe>KyTKn βρθμθημ Μ3Μβρπθτ yxce HaxoAflmyK)CH b M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepe 55 Maccy MonoKa. Echm AocTnraeic« 3apanee onpeAeneHHaa βθπμημηθ stom M3MepeHHoii Maccbi Μοποκβ, to no mnm 70 Ha seHTMnb 61 noAaeTcn MMnynbc βκπιοηθημβ. Bem-mib 61, κοτορΗίί b 30 nepBOHananbHOM ποποχθημμ co3Aaean coeAHHeHMe Me*Ay
Tpy6onpoeoAaMM 60 v\ 62, nepeMemaeTca c πόμολό θτογο HMnynbca ΒκιυοΗΘΗΜΒ TaKHM o6pa30M, hto Tpy6onpoBOA 60 3armpaeTCfl n Tpy6onpOBOA 62 COeAMHBeTCB C BblXOAHblM ΟΤΒβρΟΤΜΘΜ 71 Β 8ΤΜ00φβρ7. TaKHM o6pa30M, β to βρθμπ KaK βχοαηβπ KaMepa 52 προΑοηχοβτ 35 HaxoAHTbcn ποα βο3αθηοτβηθμ co3AaBaeMoro npn aoghhh BaxyyMa, b M3MepnTenbHotf KaMepe 55 nponcxoAHT noBbiujeHMe AaeneHHB ao βτΜοοφθρΗΟΓΟ. Τθμ caMbiM BeHTiinbHafl 3acnoHKa 56 πρμχμμθθτοπ κ 32 cepny 59 KnanaHa μ τθμ caMbiM 3aKpbiBaeT nepenycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 54. TaKMM o6pa30M, HaHMHan c θτογο MOMeHTa βρθμθημ, nocTynatomee b nepenycKHyio KaMepy 52 μοποκο coāMpaeTca b ηθμ. Οαηοβρθμθηηο μοποκο b M3MepmenbH0ii KaMepe 55 HaxopMTca 5 πόα βοθαθμοτβμθμ nepenafla αθβπθημμ, a μμθηηο, c oahom dopOHbi nop βο3αθμοτβμθμ npeočnapaiomero b Tpy6onpoeope 62 aTMOC$epHoro ΑΘΒΠΘΗΜΠ M C APyrofi CTOpOHbl ΠΟΑ Β03ΑΘΜ0ΤΒΜΘΜ Θ111Θ Π ρβθ6π apaiO 1116 ΓΟ β Tpy6onpoBOAe 64 co3flaBaeMoro npM αοθημμ BaxyyMa. 3το πρμβοαμτ κ TOMy, ητο no npMHMHe θτογο nepenapa paeneHMM HaxopaipeecB β 10 M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepe 55 μοποκο otbopmtcb npn οτκρβιβθημμ o6paTHoro KnanaHa 57, 58 no Tpy6e 64. Β τθηθημθ θτογο βρθμθημ nepe3 KOpOTKI/ΙΘ npOM6)KyTKM ΒρθΜΘΗΜ C nOMOUļbKD M3MepMTenbH0M CHCT6Mbl 74 onpepenneTCn Macca μοποκθ b M3MepmenbHoii KaMepe 55. KaK TonbKO ycTaHaBnnBaeTcn nonHbiii otboa Μοποκβ M3 M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepbi, μπμ 15 KaK τοπβκο M3MepeHHan Macca MonoKa pocTuraeT 3apaHee onpepeneHHOM ημχηθμ rpaHMpbi, οτ μθμθρμτθπβηομ ομοτθμη 74 Ha βθητμπβ 61 nopaeTcn ppyroM CMrHan ynpaBneHnn, KOTopbiPi B03BpamaeT βθητμπβ β nepBOHaManbHoe ποπο>κθημθ. B pe3ynbTaie θτογο no coepMHeHHbiM Tenepb Tpy6onpoBopoM 60 m 62 npoMcxopMT 20 BbipaBHMsaHMe ρθβπθημπ bo βχοαηομ KaMepe 52 μ b M3MepMTenbHOM KaMepe 55. TaKMM o6pa30M μοποκο M3 βχοαηομ KaMepbi 52 μοκθτ βηοββ npoxopMTb Ηβρβ3 BeHTMnbHyK> 3acnoHKy 56 M npOLļeCC noBTOpneTcn onMcaHHbiM Bbitue o6pa30M. OSpaTHbiM KnanaH 57, 58 npeAycMOTpeH β Tpy6e 64, ητο6μ 25 npepoTBpaTMTb oSpaTHoe nonaAeHMe b M3MepMTenbHyio KaMepy 55 bo3mo>kho CTeKaioīpero oāpaTHO no θτομ Tpy6e μοποκθ.
Ha Φμγ.6 noKa3aH npMMep ββιποπηθημπ, c noMoīpbio κοτορογο ποτοκ Μοποκβ mokot M3Mepjm>cn npaKTMHecKM HenpepbiBHO m nyTeM CyMMMpOB3HMn M3MepeHHblX TaKMM 06pa30M KpblBblX ΠΟΤΟΚΟΒ MOHOKa B 30 τθηθημθ onpepeneHHoro βρθμθημ μοκθτ 6biTb onpepeneHa HaKOHep o6ipan Macca μοποκθ, KOTOpan 6bina HapoeHa b npopecce αοθημπ. YcTpOMCTBO M3o6pa>xeHo nMinb cxeMaTMHecKM, HTOčbi ηθ OTBneKaTb BHMMaHMB ΟΤ ΗΘΠΟΟρβρΟΤΒΘΗΗΟΓΟ npepMeTa Μ30δρθΤΘΗΜΠ. Β ΟδίρθΜ Kopnyce 80 npepycMOTpeHa BxopHan KaMepa 81, b KOTOpyio 35 TaHreHpManbHO nopaeTcn μοποκο no βχοαηομ Tpy6e 82, τβκ ητο μοποκο yxe b 3HaHMTenbHoii οτθπθημ ycnoKaMBaeTC«. BxopHan KaMepa 81 c noMoīpbio pa3penMTenbHoii οτθηκμ 83 οτρθπθηθ ot M3MepMTenbHOM LV10342 33
KaMepbi 84. Pa3flemnenbHa« οτθηκ3 83 μμθθτ Mex<Ay θθ ηκχηθμ CTOpOHoii ·μ αηομ 85 Kopnyca 80 μ npn ηθο6χοαμμοοτμ b 6okobwx οτθηκ3χ nepenycKHyK) menb 86 ajia npoxofla MonoKa. OrpaHimeHHbiii πθρθχοβ MonoKa Hepe3 uļenb nnn nepe3 cency b n3MepmenbHyHD xaMepy 5 84 npeflHa3HaMeH αππ AanbHefiiuero ycnoKoeHMa MonoKa. Me>KAy ΒβρΧΗΜΜ KOHLļOM ρ33ΑβΠΜΤβΠΒΗθίί ΟΤΘΗΚΜ 83 M KOpnyCOM npeAycMOTpeHO κροΜβ τογο OTBepcTne 87, c noMOUļbio κοτοροΓο μοχθτ ocymecTBnATbCA ποοτοπηηοθ BbipaBHMBaHMe AasneHHii μθχαυ
KaMepaMU. 10 B M3MepmenbHoii KaMepe 84 npeAycMOTpeHa 3aKpbrran cHM3y m OTKpbiTaa ceepxy Tpy6a 88,3aKpbiTbiii ημχημμ κοηθα κοτοροίί BbicTynaeT 3a αημιμθ 85 M3Mepme/ibH0ii KaMepbi. Tpy6a 88 meei b βοκοβοίί οτβΗκβ npOAonbHyio npopesb 89, KOTopan προχοΑΜΤ ao AHmna M3MepnTenbHoii KaMepbi. Coocho c Tpy6oii 88 BHyTpn ηθθ προχοαμτ Ha 15 onpeAeneHHOM yAaneHMM οτ ee BHyipeHHeii οτθηκμ Apyraa Tpy6a 90, ημ>κημμ KOHep 91 κοτοροίί OTKpbiT. Apyrofi κοηθα Tpy6bi 90 οοθαηηθη c HenoKa3aHHbiM Ha ηθρτθ>κθ μοποκοπροβοαομ, b κοτοροΜ npeo6naAaeT o6b|HHo C03AasaeMbm πρκ αοθημμ BaxyyM. Β6πμ3μ npope3n 86 Ha pa3nnMHbix ypoBHBx pacnono>KeHbi aneicrpOAbi Ει-Εη· ΠροτκΒ 3ϊμχ 20 3ΠθκτροΑθΒ Ha onpeAeneHHOM yAaneHnu οτ hmx pacnono>KeH npOTMBOnOnO)KHblii 3ΠβΚΤρθΑ Eo · npOTMBOnOnO)KHblii 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α Eo npeAnoHTHTenbHo pacnonoxeH Ha HapyxHOM οτοροΗβ Tpy6bi 88, χοτπ npoTHBononojKHbift aneicrpoA Ha Φμγ.6 M3o6pa>KeH, xax ycTaHOBneHHbiii cbo6oaho. C sneKTpoAaMH Eļ-En coeAHHeHa M3MepnTenbHan CMCTeMa 25 94, KOTopan C00TBeTCTByeT τοίί οχθμθ, KOTopaa noKa3aHa Ha φΜΓ.1. npOAonbHaa npope3b 89 μμθθτ npeAnoHTHTenbHo nocTOHHHyio uJMpMHy ”S” no Bceii BbicoTe. ΥοτροιίοτΒΟ b KanecTBe pacxoflOMepa Monoxa pa6oTaeT οπθαυιοιαμμ o6pa30M. Ηθαοθηηοθ μοποκο nocTynaei no βχοαηοη Tpy6e 82 bo BxoAHyio 30 xaMepy 81 n οτβκββτ β ηθμ bhm3. Hepe3 nepenycKHyio menb 86 μοποκο nonapaeT b n3MepwTenbHyio KaMepy 84 n noAHUMaeicn β ηθμ βοπθαοτβμθ BbipaBHMBaHHn AaBneHtiti c noMOUļbio οτβθροτμπ 87 Ha TaKyio >κθ BbicoTy, ητο μ bo βχοαηομ KaMepe 81. Οαηοβρθμθηηο nepe3 npOAonbHyio npope3b 89 μοποκο οτβκββτ bo BHyTpeHHK>io nonocTb Tpy6bi 35 88 m H3 ηθθ Hepe3 ηιόκημμ kohou 91 Tpy6bi otboamtcb κ μοποκοπροβοα^ 34 Βμθοτο OTBOfla MonoKa no Tpy6e 90 Bsepx, b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c ApyrnM npMMepOM ββιποπηθημη Tpy6a 88 μοχθτ 6biTb OTKpbrra Ha cbobm ημ>κηθμ KOHLļe m cooflUHBHa c MAyuļoft bhh3 κ M0fi0K0np0B0Ay Tpy6oft 92. HepB3 cneAy»oimie Apyr 3a ApyroM κοροτκμθ προμθ^τκμ 5 BpBMOHM ΟΠρθΑβηΛΙΟΤΟΒ COOTBBTCTBBHHO OTHOCMTBnbHblB HMCna ”c” ΑΠΗ Kax<Aoro ypoBH« nmi cooTBBTCTByiomēro aneKTpoAa Ha θτομ ypoBHe. 3aT6M ΠΟ 3THM OTHOCMT0JlbHblM ΜΜΟΠβΜ K Onp0A0n0HHOMy MOM0HTy ΒρΘΜθΗΜ μοκθτ 6biTb οοοτβθτοτβθηηο paccmiTaHO ΑΠΗ ΒΟβΧ ypOBHePi OT 1 flO ”n" ΘφφθΚΤΜΒΗΟΘ Μ3ΜΘΗΘΗΜΘ MaCCbl MOHOKa B eflHHHUy ΒρΘΜθΗΜ ΠΟ 10 Hnx0cneAyK)iA0ii μθτθμθτμ ηθοκομ φopMyπθ: m >φφ
λ V 15 B κοτοροίί CMMBOBbl 03Η3Η3Ι0Τ: ΠΓθφφ. [^k] = noc7ynaioiMMM m ιαθπμ o6i4m8 ποτοκ Monoxa K =d x S x Q Všād 20
d[cm]=paccTOBHM0 Me>KAy aneicrpoAaMM = paccTOHHMe M©>KAy ypoBHBMM 9 l^rj- 981 Sr 25 S[cm]= lUMpMHa ιμθπμ
Q cm' = yAenbHan nnoTHOCTb χμακοοτμ n= 061400 ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ ΘΠΘΚΤρΟΑΟΒ c'm= M3M0p0HHO0 Μ ΠρΜ ΗΘΟβΧΟΑΜΜΟΟΤΜ CKOpp0KTMpOBaHHO0 C noMOLUbio Kann6poBKM OTHOcmenbHoe ημοπο ot 1 ao 0 Ha ypoBH© ”m” 30 LV10342 35 a = 3aBMcamafl ot ujMpMHbi menu, kpomkm menu m t.a. ποοτοπηηθη M3MepmenbHoro ycTpoMCTBa, KOTOpaa μο*θτ 6biTb onpeAeneHa c nOMOllļbtO Kann6pOBKM. T.e. 6naroflapfi TOMy, hto MMKponpoueccop MP b cootbbtctbum c 5 φΜΓ.1 nporpaMMnpyeTca t3kmm o6pa30M, hto oh αππ κθχαογο M3MepeHHH OTHOcmenbHbix ημοθπ ”cm" paccHMTbieaeT no yKa3aHHOM 0opMyne m 3anoMMHaeT μ3μθηθημθ κοπμηθοτβθ MonoKa b eflHHnuy ΒρθΜΘΗΜ, ΜΟΧΗΟ ΑΠΠ ΟΠρβΑΘΠΘΗΗΒΙΧ ΜΟΜΘΗΤΟΒ ΒρθΜΘΗΜ ΟΠρΘΑβΠΛΤΒ cooTBeTCTByioiMMii ηοτοκ MonoKa. Ecnn HapucoBaTb stm M3MepeHHbie 10 nepe3 onpeAenBHHbie npoMe>KyTKM βρθμθημ βθπμημηη αππ ποτοκθ MonoKa b 3aBMCMMOCTn ot βρθμθημ, to nonynaeT M3BecTHy>o KpMByK) ποτοκβ MonoKa npn αοθημμ. riyTeM cyMMupoBaHMfl προμ3βθαθημμ βοθχ Μ3ΜβρβΗΗΒΙΧ ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗ ΠΟΤΟΚβ MOHOKa, yMHO>KeHHblX Ha ΒρθΜΘΗΗΒΙΧ MHTepeanoB Mex<Ay AsyMn cneAyiomMMM APyr 3a APyroM μθμθρθημπμμ, 15 nonyHatoT 3aT0M o6mee κοπμηθοτβο ηθαοθηηογο MonoKa. flna KannčpoBKM θτογο cnocoSa tohho τβιοκβ, xax m npM cnocofie, KOTOpbIM 6bin ΠΟΒΟΗΘΗ B ΟΟΗΘΤΘΗΜΜ C ΠρΜΜθρΟΜ ΒΒΙΠΟΠΗΘΗΜΠ B COOTB0TCTBMM C φΜΓ.1, B ΟρΒΒΗΘΗΜΜ OblHO Β3ΒθΐυθΗΟ φβΚΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ ηθαοθηηοθ b τθηθημθ βοθγο αμκπθ αοθημπ MonoKa μ c noMombio 20 cooTBeTCTeyioiiļero β3βθιιιμβθημβ οτηοομτθπβηβιχ ημοθπ Obino AOCTnrHyTO cornacoBaHMe. OKa3anocb, hto čnaroAapa 3T0My nonyHeHHbie μ3μθρθημπ yAanocb πρμβθοτμ b χοροιυββ οοοτβθτοτβμθ c ycTaHOBneHHbiM nyT6M cpaBHMTenbHoro μ3μθρθημπ MonoKa, hto bcakmm pa3 M3MepeHHbie οτηοομτθπβηβιθ HMcna ”cm” οοοτβθτοτβθηηο 6biriM 25 βο3βθαθηβι c oahmm μ τθμ xe noxa3aTeneM ot 1 ao 2. 3Ty Kann6poBKy ΗΘΟδΧΟΑΜΜΟ npOBOAMTb TOHbKO OA^H pa3. ΠθΟΠΘ 3Τ0Γ0 RHR ΒΟΘΧ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΜ, Aa*e C APyrMMM KOpOBBMM, yCJ10BM3MM ΚΟρΜΠΘΗΜΠ M.T.A., napaMeTpbi ocraiOTCfl ποοτοληηβιμμ. B COOTB0TCTBMM C ΠρΜΜθρΟΜ ΒΒΙΠΟΠΗΘΗΜΛ ΠΟΠθρθΗΗΟΘ ΟΘΗΘΗΜΘ 30 cocyAa, β κοτοροΜ μοποκο HaKannMBaeTcn αο οπρθαθπθηηομ BbicoTbi, cocTaBMno 35 CM2.BbicoTa cocyAa cocTaBMna 12 cm. PaccTOflHMe Me>i<Ay OTAenbHbIMM 9ΠΘΚΤρθΑ3ΜΜ ΠΟ BbICOTe paBHflnOCb ΠρΜΜθρΗΟ 1,5 MM. B uenoM κοπμηθοτβο pacnono>KeHHbix Apyr HaA APyroM θπθκτροαοβ paBHnnocb 64. PaccTOHHMe Mex<Ay aneicrpoAaMM μ προτμβοποποχηβιμ 35 θπθκτροαομ cocTaBnano 3 mm. UJMpMHa "S” npoAonbHOM npope3M cocTaBnnna 3 mm. 36 ΥπρΟΙΜΘΗΗΟΘ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΘ ΠΟΤΟΚβ ΜΟΠΟΚβ ΜΟΧΘΤ OCymeCTBn«TbCfl τβιοκβ čnaroflapfi Towiy, ητο β αημι^θ μθρηογο cocyAa npeflycMaTpnBaeTCH Kann6poBaHHoe οτΒβροτΜβ n hto nenpepbiBHO οπρθΑθΠΛβτοΛ rnflpocTaTMHecKoe flaBneHne Μοποκβ nepe3 3to OTBepcTne nyT6M M3MepeHnn Maccbi MonoKa HaA 3tmm ypoBHeM.
KaK 6bmo ποαοηθηο c noMouļbio npuMepa BbinonHeHHn b cooTBeTCTBMn c φΜΓ.1, npeflnoHTMTenbHO ocyiuecTBnfieTCB 6a3oeoe M3MepeHne β6πμ3μ AHuma μθρηογο cocyAa. OābiHHO npn HOpManbHOM ποτοκθ Μοποκβ, KOTopbiii nocTynaeT BHanane um<na αοθημβ, aho m nepBbifi M3MepMTenbHbiii θπβκτροΑ npaKTunecKM ηθποορθαοτβθηηο npn ββοαθ ποτοκθ Μοποκβ noKpbiBaeTcn μοποκομ. He6onbinoe κοπμηθοτβο B03Ayxa cpaBHmenbHO čbiorpo yAanneTcn. T.e., npaicrMHecKM no ΜΟΤΘΗβΗΜΜ ΚΟρΟΤΚΟΓΟ ΒρθΜΘΗΜ Μ3ΜθρηθΤ0Α 6a30Bafl Μ3ΜθρηθΜ3Α
BennHMHa, KOTopan cooTBeTCTByeT coctobhmio, β κοτοροΜ μμθθτοη μοποκο, M3 κοτοροΓο ypaneH B03Ayx. Οαηθκο Tenepb μοχθτ cnyHMTbcn TaK, hto ποηθπηβτοη Βτορ>κΘΗΜθ B03Ayxa no npnHMHe πηοχοίί HacapKH BaKyyM- μ μοποκοπροβοαοβ AOunbHoro eeppa μπμ hto BHanane UHKna ΑΟΘΗΜΗ Β Μ0/10ΚΘ COA©pXMTCB 6onblUe B03Ayxa, ΗΘΜ 3T0 cooTBeTCTBOBano 6bi n3MepeHMto β μοποκθ, M3 κοτοροΓο yAaneH B03Ayx.Tonbxo ητο6μ npepoTspaTUTb Taxne cnyHan, MMKponpoueccop nporpaMMnpyeTCB τθκμμ o6pa30M, hto BHanane 3anoMMHaeTCH TBeppafl, onpeAeneHHaH Ha οοηοββημμ npeAbiAymnx M3MepeHnii 6a30Ban Μ3ΜΘρ«ΘΜ3Β -ΒβΠΜΗΜΗΘ, KOTOpafl MCn0Ab3yeTCfl απλ HaHanbHbix Μ3ΜθρθΗΜίί C UB/lblO 06pa30BaHM« 0TH0CMT6nbHblX ΗΜΟΘΠ C’m Οαηοβρθμθηηο c 3tmm Μ3Μβρηβτοη peryniipyeMaa 6a30Ban n3MepneMan βθπμημη3 Ha 6a30B0M M3MepwTenbH0M ynacTKe m cpaBHMBaeTca c τβθραομ 6a30B0ii μ3μθρ«θμομ βθπμημηομ. Kax TonbKO φβΚΤΜΗβΟΚΜ Μ3ΜθρΘΗΗ3Λ 6a30Ba* ΒβΠΜΗΜΗ3 ΑΟΟΤΜΓβθΤ ΠΟ MeHbineii Μβρβ 85% BenUHMHbl TBepflO 3aAaHHOii 6a30B0ii Η3ΜΘΡΒΘΜ0Η ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΒΙ, OCymeCTBnJieTCil ΠβρβΚηΐΟΗβΗΜβ ΑΠ« Μ3ΜβρβΗΜΗ φθΚΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ Μ3ΜβρβΗΗ0Μ 6a30B0M Η3ΜβρΒ6Μ0Η BenMHMHbl. ΚρΟΜβ ΤΟΓΟ HeCMOTpfl Ha 3Τ0 φ3ΚΤΜΗβΟΚΜ Μ3ΜβρβΗΗ3Η 6a30Bafl Μ3ΜβρηβΜ3Α ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗ3 ΤβΙΟΚΘ cpaBHHBaeTCB c τβθραο 3aAaHHOii BHanane 6a3oeow w3MepneMOii βθπμημηομ. Echm bo BpeMH M3MepeHnn β pe3ynbTaTe npopbiea B03Ayxa nonyHHTcn 3HannTenbHoe μ3μθηθημθ, npeBbiuiaramee 15% stom
BenHHMHbl, TO 3ΒΤΟΜ3ΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ BHOBb OCyiUeCTBnfleTCH ΠΘρΘΚηΐΟΗΘΗΜΘ Ha TBepAyK) 6a3oeyio M3MepneMyK> BennHMHy. TaxnM o6pa30M μοχθτ LV 10342 ' ‘ 37 flOCTuraTbCfl to, hto fla>Ke Torfla προβοαμτοπ ΗβΑθΧΗΟθ μ3μθρθημθ,
Korfla pa6'OTa βθαθτοπ c KpaiiHe He6naronpn«THbiMH οοοτηοιηθημπμμ B03flyxa m MonoKa, KOTopbie, HanpMMep, ποπβππιοτοπ npn SKcrpeManbHO BblCOKMX ΠΟΤΟΚΘΧ MOHOKa, npw KOTOpblX npOMCXOAMT OHeHb ΜΗΤΘΗΟΜΒΗΟΘ 5 nepeMeiuMBamie Monoxa c bo3ayxom m npn KOTopbix M3 Μοποκβ no πρμημηθ HenpoAon>KmenbHoro npe6biBaHMn MonoKa b M3MepMTenbHOM KaMepe πρθκτμηθοκμ ηθ μοχθτ 6biTb υαθπθη Β03Αγχ, μπμ KOTopbie Μοιγτ nOBBMTbCB B KOHLļe LļMKJia ΑΟΘΗΜΠ, ΤΟΓΑΒ TO ΧΘ CaMOO ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ B03Ayxa CMeiunBaeTCB co bco υμθηβιι^ιοιαμμοπ κοπμηθοτβομ B03Ayxa. 10 Ha Φμγ.7 m 8 noKa3aHbi rpacpimecKMe M3o6paxeHMn, KOTopbie npaKTMMecKM πρθαοτθβπηιοτ μγηοβθηηυιο οι>θΜκγ προφΜππ neHbi npn M3MepeHnn ποτοκβ MonoKa κ pa3nnnHbiM μομθητ3μ βρθμθημ b τθηθημθ ΟΑΗΟΓΟ Μ ΤΟΓΟ Χθ AMKJia ΑΟΘΗΜΠ KOpOBbl. Β φβφΜΗΘΟΚΜΧ Μ3θ6ρ8ΧΘΗΜΠΧ ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ Ha OCM aČCUMCC OTKnaAblBaiOTCil Μ3ΜθρθΗΗ0θ 15 OTHOCMTenbHOB ΗΜΟΠΟ C Β TO ΒρβΜΒ ΚβΚ ΠΟ OCM ΟΠΑΜΗβΤ Ηθρθ3 OTAenbHbie προΜθχγτκΜ OTMenaioTCH pacnonoxeHHbie co ομθιαθημθμ no BbicoTe APyr OTHOCHTenbHO APyra M3MepnTenbHbie aneKrpoAbi. Ha τρβφΜΚθ yKa3aHO 64 anetcrpoAa. Kax yxe roBOpmiocb Bbiiue, ο6ιμθθ BpeMH cHMTbiBaHHB no«a3aHMM BO βοθχ 3ΠΘκτροΑθΒ cocTaBnaeT 20 πρΜΜθρΗΟ 0,1 cok. Kax bmaho M3 Φμγ,7, ΘπβκτροΑΜ ao υροβηη M3MepnTenbHoro aneKTpoAa Ns 10 μμθκτγ M3MepeHHyio βθπμημηυ OTHOCMTenbHOrO HHCna V" ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ 1. T.e., AO 3ΤΟΓΟ γρΟΒΗΛ pacnonoxewo ήμοτοθ μπμ A©ra30BaHHoe mohoko. H3MepMTenbHbie sneKrpoAbi, KOTopbie pacnonoxeHbi Bbiiue, T.e. sneKTpoAbi οτ N210 ao N2 25 40, HanpoTHB μμθιοτ yx<e οτπμηθκϊιαθθοπ οτ 1 OTHOCHTenbHoe ημοπο. Β ηρβΑΟΤΘΒΠΘΗΗΟΜ Ha φΜΓ.8 Μ3ΜβρθΗΜΜ ΠΙ/IUJb CaMbie ΗΜΧΗΜΘ sneiapoAbi npeACTaenaiOT M3MepeHHyio βθπμημηυ OTHOCMTenbHoro HMcna V" οκοπο 1. Pacnonox<eHHbie Bbime sneicrpoAbi οτ Ns 5 ao N9 60 noKa3biBatOT οοοτβθτοτβθηηο βθπμημηυ μθηβιπθ 1. 30 ripeACTaBneHHbie Ha Φμγ.7 μ 8 KpMBbie noKa3biBaioT οηθηβ
οτηθτπμβο, hto ημκομμ o6pa30M προοτο Henb3n npeHe6peraTb npM Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠΧ ΟΟΑθρΧΘΙΑΘΜΟΠ Β ΠΘΗΘ MaCCOM ΜΟΠΟΙΟ, KaK 3T0 AO CMX ΠΟρ ΜΜΘΠΟ ΜΘΟΤΟ Β γρΟΒΗΘ ΤΘΧΗΜΚΜ. ΕθΠΜ 6bl Ha ΟδθΜΧ KpMBblX Β ΜΘΟΤβΧ, B KOTOpblX OHM ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ ΑΟΟΤΜΓ3Κ)Τ BeHMHMHbl θ' =0,9, ΟΑΘΠΘΤΒ 35 pa3p03 B COOTB0TCTBMM C Π0Κ333ΗΗ0Μ ΠΜΗΜθίί fl M fl', Τ.θ. Β ΜΘΟΤΘΧ, B KOTopbix μοχηο 6bino 6bi npeAnonoxMTb, hto αοππ coAepxameMcn b ΠΘΗΘ ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΜ πρΜΜθρΗΟ ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒγθΤ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒγ ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΜ, 38 κοτοροθ β sacTM pacnonotteHHoro ημχθ πμημμ pa3pe3a fl μπμ fl' KonunecTBa μοποκθ yxe 3aMeHeHa B03flyxoM, to CTaHOBaTCfl OHeBMflHbIMM pa3nMMMfl flonu MOnOKa Β ΠΘΗΘ. B cnyMae c ο6θμμμ KpuBbiMM pacnono>KeHHafl ΗΜ>κβ πμημμ pa3pe3a fl ΜΠΜ fl' AO/1B MOHOKa Β ΠΟΤΟΚΘ flOBOAMTCB ΜΘΡΘ3 menb AO 1,53 κγ/μμη. B Aone neHbi, KOTopan pacnono>KeHa Bbiiue πμημμ pa3pe3a fl μπμ fl' , C0Aep>KmcB Hpe3BbinaMHO pa3nnHHaa Macca MonoKa. I1o3TOMy Macca MonoKa Ha Φμγ.7 bhocmt cbom βκπθα β ποτοκ nmub β pa3Mepe 0,37 κγ/μμη, β to βρθμλ κβκ b cpaBHUMOM προφΜπβ neHbi β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c φΜΓ.δ COAepXMTCB ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ ΜΟΠΟΚΘ, ρβΒΗΟΘ 0,97 ΚΓ/ΜΜΗ, ΚΟΤΟρΟΘ BHOCMTCH Β ΠΟΤΟΚ ΜΟΠΟΚΘ. C noMombK) Φμγ.9 onncbiBaeTca APyroM npuMep βνποπηθημη β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΘΜ, Β ΚΟΤΟρΟΜ Β ΚΘΗΘΟΤΒΘ Μ3ΜθρΠΘΜθίί
BenuHMHbi Ha ynacTKe μ3μθρθημη μ3μθρηθτοπ ηθ οοπροτμβπθημθ MonoKa, a CBeTonponycKaHne Ha 3apaHee οπρθαθπθηηομ ypoBHe.
HaAoeHHoe μοποκο HanpaBnneTcn, b μ3οτηοοτμ, β npo3paHHyio αππ ΜΗφρβκρβΟΗΒΐχ nyHeM M3MepnTenbHyio KaMepy μ μπμ coānpaeTcn β ηθμ μπμ HaKannHBaeTca β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c μθμθρμτθπβηομ ομοτθμομ Φμγ.8. Ha pa3nHHHblX ypOBHHX BAOilb CTOpOHbl 3T0M M3MepMTe/lbH0ii KaMepbl pacnonojKeHo HecKonbKO mctohhmkob ceeTa (οβθτοαμοαοβ) Li- Ln- Ha cooTBeTCTByiomeM ypoBHe Ha o6pameHHOM ot 3tmx οβθτοαμοαοβ οτοροΗΘ M3MepMTenbH0ii KaMepbi 100 pacnono>KeHbi Φοτοαμοαμ Dļ-Dn. ΥπρβΒΑθΗΜθ ceeTOAMOAaMM ocyu4ecTBnaeTCf) nepe3 B036y*Aaiomyio cxeMy 101' μπμ βοθμμ βμθοτθ μπμ c πομοιαβιο MynbTMnneKCopa 102' nocneAOBaTenbHO APyr 3a ApyroM, Φοτοαμοαβι Dļ-Dn οοοτβθτοτβθηηο Hepe3 aneKTpMHecKue οοπροτμβπθημπ Wļ-Wn ποακπκηθημ k Macce 101. ΠΟΠΒΠΗΙΟΙΜΘΘΟΠ Ha ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΠΧ OTHOCMTenbHO MaCCbl Π3ΑΘΗΜΘ HanpjoKeHMH μοκθτ CHMMaTbcn c noMombio MynbTMnneKcopa 102. MynbTMnneKCop 102 uenecoo6pa3HbiM o6pa30M 0MHxpoHM3MpyeTca c MynbTMnneKcopoM 102'. BbixoA MynbTMnnexcopa 102 nepe3 ycMnMTenb 103 ΟΟΘΑΜΗΘΗ C 3Η3Π0Γ0*Ι4Μφρ0ΒΒΙΜ πρθΟβρβθΟΒβΤΘΠΘΜ 104, ΑΜφρΟΒΟΜ BblXOAHOM 0ΜΓΗ3Π ΚΟΤΟρΟΓΟ ΠΟΑβθΤΟΠ Ha ΜΜΚρΟΠρΟΑΘΟΟΟρ 105. rionyHeHHbiii c πομοιμβιο MMKponpoueccopa pe3ynbTaT μθμθρθημπ μοχθτ 33τθμ 0T06pa>KaTbCfl Ha mhamk3tophom ycTpoīicTBe 106. CneAyK)i4MMM APyr 3a APyroM μθμθρθημπμμ moxcho ynpaBnflTb c noMouļbio MMKponpoLļeccopa, τβκ xax cooTBeTCTByiomMe mm ομγηθπν LV10342 39 noflaiOTCH no jimhmm 108 Ha MynbTnnneKCop 102' μπμ no πμημμ 109 Ha B036y>Kflaiomyio cxeMy 107. npnHiļnn α©ηοτβμη M3MepMTenbHoro ycrrpoMCTBa cneAyiou4MM.
K onpeAeneHHOMy βρθμθημ MUKponpoueccop 105 noflaeT 5 ynpaBnyuoiuMM cnrHan Ha 3aflaiomee ycTpOMCTBO 107, κοτοροβ c noMOiiļbio cooTBeTCTByioiM0ro βκαιοηθημπ noflaeT ηθπρπχθημθ Ha CBBTOAHOflbi l_i-Ln. Οαηοβρθμθηηο no πμημμ 108 C00TB0TCTByK)innii nycKOBofi onrHan noAaeTcn Ha MynbTnnneKCop 102'. C ero noMouļbto MBp63 3apaHee onpeAeneHHbie npoMexyTKM βρθμθημ οβθτοαμοαη L-|-I_n 10 nocneAOBaienbHO βκπιοηθθτοπ b CBeTOM3nyMaiomee οοοτοηημθ. HcnycKaeMbiii οβθτοαμοα3μμ οβθτ, penb npeAnoHTMTenbHO μαθτ o CBBT0AH0Aax, KOTopbie BbipaOaTbieaiOT MH$paKpacHbiii οβθτ, nornomaeTCfl μοποκομ b μθρηομ cocyAe 100 b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c pacnonoxeHHoft Ha M3MepmenbHOM ynacTKe MexAy οβθτοαμοαομ l_m m 15 cooTBeTCTByioiiļMM Φοτοαμοαομ Dm cMecbio M3 μοποκθ m B03Ayxa. B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C 3TMM, ΘΟΠΜ ΜΜΘΘΤΟΠ JlMLLIb B03AyX, Ha COOTBeTCTByK)UļMM Φοτοαμοα nocTynaeT 6onbiuee κοπμηθοτβο οβθτθ, ηθμ θοπμ μμθθτοπ TOnbKO ΗΜΟΤΟΘ ΜΟΠΟΚΟ. Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C COOTBeTCTByiOlHeM ΟΜΠΟίί ΟΟΒΘ111ΘΗΗ3Π φ0Τ0ΑΜ0Α3 MM Bbipa6aTblBaeTCfl ΤΟΚ, KOTOpblPi C03AaeT Ha 20 cooTBeTCTByiomeM οοπροτμβπθημμ Wm cooTBeTCTByK>mee naAOHMe HanpaxeHMa οτηοομτθπβηο Maccbi 101.
Tax xax MynbTMnnexcop 102 ρββοτββτ ομηχροηηο c MynbTMnneKCOpOM 102', πθαθημθ HanpjoKeHMn Ha οοπροτμβπθημμ Wm Μ3ΜΘΗΠΘΤ0Π K TOMy ΧΘ MOMeHTy ΒρθΜΘΗΜ, Κ0ΓΑ3 B036y>KAaeTCfl 25 cooTBeTCTByioi4MM οβθτοαμοα Lm- Οοοτβθτοτβθηηο M3MepeHHbie Π3ΑΘΗΜΒ ΗΘΠρΠΧΘΗΜΠ nOAaiOTCfl Ηθρθ3 MynbTMnneKCOp 102 Μ yCMJlMTenb 103 Ha aHanoro-ΑΜφροΒθΜ npeo6pa3oeaTenb 104 μ c ηθγο β βμαθ ΑΜφροΒοτο CMTHana nepeAaeTca Aanbīne Ha MMKponpoueccop 105. MMKponpOLieccop HaKannMeaeT μθμθρθηηνθ πθαθημπ ηθπρπχθημπ μπμ 30 ΒΘ/lMHMHbl ΗβηρΠΧΘΗΜΜ Uļ-Un· KaK Μ B M3MepMTenbH0M ΟΜΟΤΘΜΘ Β οοοτβθτοτβμμ ο Φμγ. 1 M3MepaeMaB βθπμημηθ, κοτορθπ Μ3ΜΘρπβτοπ Ha cneAyiomeM ποοπθ AHMma μθρηογο cocyAa 100 ypoBHe, θτο M3MepMTenbHbiii yMacTOK MexAy οβθτοαμοαομ Li μ Φοτοαμοαομ Di, πρΜΗΜΜΒθτοΒ m ηθκθππμβθθτοπ xax 6a30Ban M3MepneMaa eenMHMHa 35 Ui=Vo. 3aTeM b MMKponpoueccope οοοτβθτοτβθηηο απ* κθχαογό M3MepMTenbHoro ynacTKa Ha κθχαομ ypoBHe ot 1 ao m npeAnoHTMTenbHO o6pa3yeTcn οτηοιηθημβ 40 3tm floneebie βθπμημημ npepcTaBnaiOT co6om yxe οπμοθηηοθ Bbiiue OTHOCMTenbHoe ημοπο ”c". OcTanbHaa AanbHeMiuaa o6pa6oTKa SToro OTHoCMTenbHoro Hncna μ μ3μθρθημθ očmero KOHMHecTBa μοποκθ ΜΠΜ ΜΟΠΟΗΗΟΓΟ ΠΟΤΟΚΘ Οθγΐ11ΘΟΤΒΠΗΘΤΟΗ Tā KM M 06pa30M, KaK Μ B npMMepe ΒΜΠΟΠΗΘΗΜΛ B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C φΜΓ.1.
Ha φΜΓ.10 m 11 npeACTaBJieH npMMep βνπο/ίηθημβ, c noMombio κοτοροΓΟ CMCTeMa οβθτοαμοαοβ (mctohhmkob ceeTa) Lļ-Ln npM OCTanbHOM 0ΑΜΗ3Κ0Β0Μ ΚΟΜΠΟΗΟΒΚΘ ΟΧΘΜΝ ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb 33ΜΘΗΘΗ3 oahmm mctohhmkom cBeTa. rioKa3aHHbiii Ha φΜΓ.10 m 11 npMMep ΒΜΠΟΠΗΘΗΜλ npeAHa3HaHeH JlMlUb ΑΠΗ ΤΟΓΟ, HTOČbl Ha OTAenbHblX ypoBHJix B036y?KAaTb nocneAOBaTenbHbie οβθτοββιθ CMrHanbi, KOTOpbie 33ΤΘΜ nocne προχοχαθημβ nepe3 M3MepMTenbHyio KaMepy 100 npMHMMaKDTCil φ0Τ0ΑΜ0Α3ΜΜ D-ļ-Dn. B HaCTHOCTM, M3 φΜΓ.11 MO>KHO BMA©Tb MepHbIM COCyA 115, B KOTopbiM BepTMKanbHo BbicTynaeT Tpy6a 116, b κοτοροίί BbinonHeHa BepTMKanbHaa npoAOnbHaa npope3b 117. ΓΙο θτομ Tpy6e 116 οτθκθθτ μοποκο, nocTynaiomee no Apyroii βχοαηομ Tpy6e, KOTopaa Ha nepTeace ηθ noKa3aHa. MepHbiM cocyA 115 μμθθτ BbicTynaiomyK> Hapyxy HacaAKy M3 npo3paHHoro ahb nyHBM MaTepMana no aHanorMM c mhamk3topom ypoBHa 3anonHeHM«. Pacnono>KeHHbie Apyr προτΜβ Apyra āOKOBbie CTBHKM 118 M 119 OrpaHMHMBaiOT ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ M3M0pMTOnbHblM ynacTOK c noMombio μοποκθ. BAonb čokobom ctbhkm 119 Ha ΟηρθΑβΠβΗΗΟΜ BbICOTe Apyr HaA APyrOM pacnonO)KeHbl φOTOAMOAbl Dļ-Dn* KaK 3T0 nyHlUe Bcero M0)KH0 BMAeTb M3 φΜΓ.ΙΟ.ΗθΑ M3MepMTe/lbHOM KaMepoM pacnono>KeH na3ep 110, nyn κοτοροΓΟ naAāeT Ha noeopoTHoe 3epKano 112. 3epKano 112 μο>κθτ ycTaHaBnMBaTbCfl b yrnoeoe ΠΟΠΟ>ΚΘΗΜΘ C nOMOllļblO ΜΟΠΟΠΗΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΓΟ ΑΒΜΓΘΤΘΠΛ 113. ΗμΧΘ noBOpOTHoro 3epKana 112, a τθιοκθ na3epa 110 pacnonox<eHa ρθφΠΘΚΤΜρνίΟΙΑβΒ nOBBpXHOCTb 114, KOTOpafl ΒΒΠΗΘΤΟΒ HaCTbK) napaSofiMnecKoro 3epxana. 3Ta peφπeκτMpyιoι^ay^ noBepxHOCTb 114 pacnono>KeHa OTHOCMTenbHo tohkm βοτρθημ 122 na3epHoro nyna 121 c noBTopHbiM 3epxanoM 112 t3kmm o6pa30M, hto 3Ta TOHKa βοτρθημ pacnono)KeHa b φoκyce napa6o/iMHecKoro 3epxana 114. B οοοτβθτοτβμμ c 3tmm na3epHbiM nyn 121 οτκποηηθτοη bchkmm pa3 b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c noBepHyTbiM ποπο>κθημθμ 3epxana 112 b pa3AMHHbix HanpaBneHM«x, npMMepHO B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C JiywaMM 123, 124 ΜΠΜ 125, KOTOpbie LV10342 41 οοοτβθτοτβθηηο nocne οτρβ>κ0ΗΜΛ Ha napa6onnHecKOM 3βρΚ3ΠΘ 114 οτκποΗΑίοτοίΐ β ΒΜρβ napannenbHbix ppyr APyry nyneiiI KOTopbie b cooTBeTCTBMM c npeAycMOTpeHHofl ομοτθμοη προχορ^τ naparmenbHO Apyr Apyry m pacnonoxeHbi Ha cooTBeTCTByiomHx ypoBHax hļ, hm h hn. 5 T.e. 6naroAapa ynpaBn«eMOMy ποΒοροτγ 3epxana 112 nocneAoeaTenbHO μοχθτ co3AaBaibca cooTBeTCTByK>mnii οβθτοβομ nyw Ha OTAenbHbix ypoBHBx. 3aTBM noAaBneHHbiii Ha cooTeeTCTByiomeM H3MBpMTenbH0M ynacTKe b pe3ynbTaTe πογποιμθημβ μπμ pacce«Hna οβθτ πρηηημβθτοβ COnpHXeHHblMM B COOTBeTCTByiOlMMM ypOBH6M φΟΤΟΑΗΟΑΒΜΗ D-|-Dn. 10 flanbHeiiiuafl o6pa6oTKa 3thx cw*HanoB ocymecTBnfleTCH c noMomuo M3MepmenbHoro m nepeKJiKmioiuero ycTpoiicTBa, xax m Ha (pnr.9. (BmBCTO SepKanbHOH CHCTeMbl ΟΒΘΤ ΜΟΓ H3HyHaTbCfl Ha ypoBHH c nOMOLUbK) ΟΒΘΤΟΒΟΑΗΟίί CHCTeMbl Ha ΟΤΘΚΠΟΒΟΠΟΚΟΗ).
Ha φπΓ.12 npeACTaBneH npHMep βνιίοπηθηιίβ, β κοτοροΜ c 15 nOMOUļblO H3MeHfllOlHeHCfl ΠΟ ΠρΗΜΗΗβ HamiHMB Β ΜΟΠΟΚΘ ΑΟΠΜ B03Ayxa TennOnpOBOAHOCTH ΜΟΧΘΤ H3MepflTbCfl COOTBeTCTByiOU4aH COOTHOlUeHHK) Μοπόκβ h B03Ayxa eejiHMHHa. B MepHbiii cocyA 130 BbiCTynaeT pacnonoxeHHbie co ομθιμθηηθμ no Bbicoie oTHocmenbHO Apyr APyra TeMnepaiypHbie HyBCTBHTenbHbie 20 sneMeHTbi c nonoxnienbHbiM TeMnepaTypnbiM «03φφΗΐ1ΗβΗΤ0Μ. C hhmh coeAHHeHbi cTa6nnbHbie hctohhhkh TOKa 132, MAymaa Ha Harpee MOiMHocTb KOTopbix μοχθτ perynHpoBaTbCfl c noMombio Hcno/iHHTenbHbix 3ΠΘΜΘΗΤ0Β 138, 139. yCTaHaBnMBaK>lAaBCB Ha KaXAOM ΤΘΜΠβρβΤγρΗΟΜ HyBCTBMTenbHOM 3/ΐΘΜβΗΤΘ c noiioxnTenbHbiM TeMnepaTypHbiM 25 κο3ΦΦμι1μθητομ TeMnepaTypa CHHTbiBaeTCfl MynbTnnneKcopoM h nonyHeHHbie cnmanbi MoryT nepeAaBaTbca nepe3 ycnmiTenb 134 h aHanoro-ψιφροΒθΜ npeo6pa30Baienb Ha MHKponpoueccop 136. Pe3ynbTaT η3μθρθηηλ MHKponpoueccopa μοχθτ OTo6paxaTbcyi Ha MHAHKaTope 137. Υπρθβπθηηθ HcnonHHTejibHbiMH aneMeHTaMH 138,139, 30 npeAHa3HaneHHbiMn απβ perynnpOBaHMB HAymeii Ha Harpee moluhoctm, μοχθτ ocyiMecTBnaibca c noMombio MHKponpoiļeccopa 136.
YcTp0HCTB0 pačoTaeT takhm o6pa30M, hto Ha pacnonoxeHHbie Apyr HaA ApyroM TeMnepaiypHbie HyBCTBHTenbHbie sneMem-bi 2-n noAaeTCH ynpaBfifleMa?i Hcno/iHHTenbHbiMH 3Π6μθητ3μη 138, 139 35 nocTOflHHaa HAymafl Ha HarpeB MomHocTb, β to βρθμβ xax Ha nepBbin, pacnonoxeHHbiii Ha nepeoM ypoBHe ηπη β6πη3η αηθ μθρηογο cocyAa TeMnepaTypHbiii MyBCTBHTenbHbiH βπθμθητ c nono>KMTenbHbiM 42 T6MnepaTypHbiM κοθΦΦμαμθητομ μαυιαμμ Ha HarpeBaHue τοκ ηθ noflaeTca.· Ποοπβ npeRBapvnenbHoro οτκπκηθημπ MAymeii Ha Harpee nOCTOflHHOM MOIMHOCTH ΤβΜΠβρβΤγρΗΟΓΟ HyBCTBMTenbHOrO 3neM8HTa 8Γ0 T8MnepaTypa Μ3Μθρπθτοπ πγτβΜ M3MepeHMfi βθπμημην οοπρπχβΗΗΟΓΟ 5 conpOTMBneHHB. OTCiOAa BbiHHCfiJieTCfl cooTBeTCTByiou4aa T8Mnepaiypa T8MnepaTypHoro HyBCTBHT8JibHoro 3πθμθητ3. 3ia T8MnepaTypa cpaBHMBaeTca c T8MnepaiypOM τβΜπβρβτγρΗΟΓο HyBCTBMT8nbHoro aneMeHTa 1. H3MepeHHbie b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c οοοτΒθτοτΒγιοίΜβΜ T8MnepaTypoii οοπροτμβπθημη ποαοτθβπηιοτοβ οοοτΒβτοτΒβΗΗΟ b 10 οτΗοαίθΗΜβ κ conpoTHB/ieHMK) ΗβΗβτρθτοΓΟ T8MnepaīypHoro HyBCTBMT8nbHoro 3neM8HTa. OTCiofia yxe onMcaHHbiM o6pa30M μοχηο onpeflenHTb cooTBeTCTByiomee OTHOCMTenbHoe ημοπο ”c” nna Ka>Kfloro ΤΘΜΠβρβΤγρΗΟΓΟ HyBCTBMT8nbH0r0 ΘΠβΜΘΗΤβ Ha K3)KflOM ypOBH8. 15 20 25
OopMyna Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜί1
1. CnoeoS ΑΠΒ ΠρΟΒΘΑΘΗΜΒ M3M8p8HMM B ΠΘΗΜΟΤΒΙΧ ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΗΧ, 30 npM ΚΟΤΟΡΟΜ B ΟΟΑβρΧΘΙΜΘΜΟΠ B 8MK0CTH JKMAKOCTM Ha HeCKOnbKMX pa3JlMHHblX ypOBHBX C00TB8TCTB8HH0 Μ3ΜθρΠ(ΟΤ 3aBMCfllMyiO OT
napaMeipa jkmakoctm H3MepaeMyio βθπμημηυ (lm), OTmmatomMMCfl ΤΘΜ, mto c uenbīo noBbiuieHiia tohhoctm μ3μθρθημβ, απη μ3μθρθημβ ΥΑΘπβηομ nnoTHOCTH πθημοτομ χμακοοτμ Ha pa3nnMHbix ypoBHnx (m) Ha 35 coA8pxauļ8M no cyiuecTBy Aera30BaHHyio XMAKOCTb 6a30B0M M3M8pHT8nbH0M γΗβΟΤΚΘ Μ3ΜΘΡΠΙΟΤ 6a30Byi0 M3M8pH8MyiO ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΥ (lo), HTO B 33BMCMMOCTM OT ΤΟΓΟ, βΟΠΒΙΠΘ ΜΠΜ MeHbUi8 Μ3ΜθρθΗΗ3Π B LV10342 43 B03flyxe cooTBeTCTByioiiļaH M3MepaeMaa BennHMHa (II), ηθμ nonyH8HHan Ha 6a30BOM M3MepMTenbHOM yHacTKe 6a30Baa M3M©pfl0Man BennHMHa (lo), flna Ka>Kfloro ypoBH5i o6pa3y0Tcn OTHoernenbHoe hmcao (cm). cooTB8TCTByiomee οτηοιιιθημιο 6a30Boii M3Mepaevioii βθπμημηη (Ιο) κ 5 M3MepeHHoii βθπμημηθ Ha stom ypoBHe (lm) Unu oSpaTHOti βθπκημηθ 9Τ0Γ0 OTHOUJBHHn, HTO ΓφΜ HB06X0flHM0CTM B COOTB0TCTBHH C ynoMflHy-roii Bbime TapnpoBKoii o6pa3yeTca οκορρβκτΜροΒβΗΗΟθ OTHOCHTenbHoe hhcho (c'm)· κοτοροθ flnn >kmakocth, m κοτοροΚ ypaneH B03flyx, paBHO 1 m flna B03flyxa no cyiMBCTBy paBHO Hymo, ii hto Kax<floe 10 OTHOCMTenbHoe hhcho (cm, c'm ) yMHOX<aiOT Ha BennHMHy yflenbHOii nnoTHOCTM (Q) Aara30BaHH0ii >khakoctm. 2. Cnocoč M3M0p0HHfl MaCCbl ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟίί >KHflKOCTH, B HaCTHOCTH, flnn M3Mep0Hnn cMOiuaHHoro c B03AyxoM MonoKa, no n.1, OTnHMaKniļHMCH T8M, HTO Ha Ka>KAOM ypoBH8 (m) οπρθΑβπηωτ 15 OTHOCHT8nbHO0 hhcho (c'm). HTO BcnKMM pa3 οπρ0Αβπηιοτ paCnOnOX0HHblfi M0XAy OAHHM ypOBH8M M Cn©AyK)lilHM ΗΜΧΗ0Μ ypOBH8M hhm ahom ©mkoctm ο6ι»θμ (V^), HTO bchkiih pa3 o6pa3y0Tcn npon3B0A0HM0M (c'm x Q x Vm) H3 pacnonox<0HHoro ημ>κθ ypoBH« o6b0Ma (Vm), 0ΠΡΘΑΘΠ8ΗΗ0Γ0 ΑΠΗ 3Τ0Γ0 ypOBHH OTHOCHTenbHOTO HHCna 20 (c'm)H yAenbHoii πποτηοοτμ MonoKa (Q), μ ητο Ann οπρθαθπθημα 06114011 Maccbi χμακοοτμ (G) o6pa3y0TCn cyMMa bc©x o6pa30BaHHbix τ3κμμ 06pa30M npOM3B0A0HHM ΠΟ BC0M ypOBHftM (m) B COOTB0TCTBHH C ypaBH0HH0M -
G = Xc'mxYraxQ 25 m=l 3. Cnoco6 M3MepeHnn KoniinecTea MonoKa no n.2, npM κοτοροΜ Maccy MonoKa ιΐ3Μθρηιοτ πορφιαμμ, npM κοτοροΜ μοποκο ηθπρθρηβηο nopaioT b μθρημη cocyA h noAany MonoKa npeKpamaiOT, KorAa 30 AOCTHraoTca 3apaH80 οπρθΑβπθΗΗβ* ii3M8pn0Man BominiiHa, a 33τθμ μοποκο cntiBaiOT nonHOCTbio μπμ ao αοοτμχθημα βτοροίί 3apaH©0 ΟΠρ0ΑβΠ0ΗΗθίί M3M0pneMOH B0miHMHbl, AO Τ0Γ0 KaK npOL40CC ΠΟΒΤΟρηθΤΟη, OT/lMHaiOLlļl1MC& ΤΘΜ, HTO BO Bp8Mn nOAaHH MOHOKa B M0pHbiH cocyA HenpepbiBHo οπρθΑθπηιοτ Macca MonoKa, m noAany 35 MonoKa npii aoctidkohhh 3apaH0© 3aAaHHoii π©ρβοη Maccbi MonoKa np0Kp0U4aiOT, ητο βο βρθμλ cmiea MonoKa HonpapbiBHO οπρθΑθππιοτ 44
Macca MonoKa b μοπομηομ cocyfle, ητο chmb Μοποκβ npeKpamaiOT npn flocTM?KeHnn 3apaHee 3aflaHHoii Βτοροίί Maccbi μοποκθ, mto o6pa3yeTcn pa3HMLļa Me>Kfly nepBoii μ βτοροκ Maccoii MonoKa flna οπρθαθπθημπ Maccbi Μοποκβ b ρθομθτθ Ha 3arpy3Ky, mto npoiiecc noBiopjuoT ao koh 14a noTOKa Μοποκβ b αμκπθ αοθημα, mto Maccy MonoKa BbiMucnaioT b cootbbtctbmvi c κοπμμθοτβομ 3arpy30K, mto οπρΘΑβηπιοτ co6paHHy»o B μοπομηομ cocyfle b KOHue UMKna αοθημπ Maccy μοποκθ m πρι/ιδβΒΠπιοτ κ y*e BbiMMcneHoii Macce μοποκθ. 4. Cn0C06 Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ Κ0ΠΜΜΘ0ΤΒ3 Μ0Π0Κ3 ΠΟ Π.2, OTflMMaiOllļlIMCfl ΤΘΜ, MTO ΜΟΠΟΚΟ ΠΟΟΠΘ Α00ΤΜ>ΚΘΗΜΠ θθρβΗΘΘ 38Α3ΗΗθίί ΠβρΒΟΜ MaCCbl μοποκθ B MonoMHOM M6pH0M cocyA© cnMBatoT, mto b ΚΟΗ14Θ onpeAenatoT ocTaBiuyiocfl b πθηθ Maccy μοποκθ m mto αππ οπρθαθπθημπ Maccu μοποκθ b pacneTe Ha 3arpy3Ky o6pa3yeTca pa3HOCTb Me*Ay nepsoii 3apaHee 3aAaHHOū Maccoū μοποκθ μ οοτθτομηομ Maccoii μοποκθ b πθηθ. 5. Onoco6 M3MepeHnn KonMMecTBa μοποκθ no π.2, omimaioiiiMMCsi τθμ, mto ηθαοθηηοθ b npouecce AHKna αοθημπ μοποκο HanpaBnnioT b MepHbiii cocyA, mto nepe3 3apaHee οπρθαθπθηηνθ μητθρβθπβι βρθμθημ noAaMy μοποκθ npeKpamaiOT μ οπρθΑβππιοτ MMeiomyiocfl b μθρηομ cocyAO κ 3T0My MOMGHTy βρθμθημ Maccy MOnOKa, MTO 3Ty Maccy MOHOKa οπμβ3Κ)τ κβκ 3arpy3Ky M3 μθρηογο cocyAa, npex<Ae μθμ BHOBb οτκροβτοπ ΒΧΟΑΗΟΘ ΟΤΒθρΟΤΜΘ B ΜΟΠΟΜΗΟΜ COCyAe, MTO Μ3ΜΘρθΗΗΘΠ B ΟΤΑΘΠΒΗΒΙΧ 3arpy3Kax Macca μοποκθ cyMMnpyK)Tcn ao koh 14a noTOKa MonoKa.
6. Cnocoā Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ Κ0ΠΜΜΘ0ΤΒ3 MOnOKa ΠΟ Π.2, OTAMMaiOUļMMCSI ΤΘΜ, MTO ΗΘΑΟΘΗΗΟΘ B ΠρομθΟΟΘ IļMKna ΑΟΘΗΜΠ ΜΟΠΟΚΟ ΗΘΠρβΒΠΠΙΟΤ B
MepHbifi cocyA, mto npn αοοτμ>κθημμ 3apaHee οπρθαθπθηηομ Maccw MOHOKa ΜΠΜ ΜθρΘ3 ΟΠρθΑΘΠΘΗΗΒΙΘ ΜΗΤθρΒΘΠϋ ΒρβΜΘΗΜ ΜΟΠΟΚΟ Β ΒΜΑ© 3arpy3KM cnMBatoT m μθρηογο cocyAa μ mto M3MepeHHbie b OTAenbHbix 3arpy3Kax Maccbi cyMMMpyioT ao KOHua ποτοκθ μοποκθ.
7. Cn0C06 Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ ΠΟΤΟΚΘ ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟίί XMAKOCTM, B M3CTH0CTM, ΑΠΠ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ ΠΟΤΟΚΘ ΟΜΘΙΠΘΗΗΟΓΟ C B03AyX0M ΜΟΠΟΚΘ, ΠΟ Π.2, OTmmatOLLļtlMCfl ΤΘΜ, MTO B COCyA nOAatOT >KMAK0CTb, MTO KMAKOCTb HenpepbIBHO ΟΤΘΚ3ΘΤ ΜΘΡΘ3 ΚΘΠΜβρΟΒΘΗΗΟΘ ΟΤΒΘρΟΤΜΘ M MTO CTeKatoiiļMii Mepe3 Kann6poBaHHoe οτΒθρσπίθ ποτοκ BbiMMcnneTcn Ha OCHOBaHMM Μ3ΜθρβΗΗΟΜ H3A ypOBHeM ΚΘΠΜβρΟΒΘΗΗΟΓΟ ΟΤΒβρΟΤΜΠ Maccbi )kmakoctm μ nonyMaiou4erocfl OTciOAa γμαροοτθτμμθοκογο ΑΘΒΠΘΗΜΠ. LV 10342 . ‘ 45
8. Cn0C06 Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΛ ΠΟΤΟΚβ ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟΜ )KMflKOCTM, B MaCTHOCTM, ΑΠΒ Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΒ ΠΟΤΟ Ka ΟΜΘΙΙ&ΗΗΟΓΟ C B03flyX0M ΜΟΠΟΚβ, Πρίΐ KOTOpO Μ Ha HBCKOnbKMX pa3nHMHblX ypOBHBX ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ Μ3Μθρ«Κ)Τ OflMH M TOT >κβ napaMeTp, 3aBncaiMnii ot coAep*ameiicfl b cocyfle xmakocth 5 Μ3ΜθρΒΘΜ0ίί BenUMMHbl (Ι|η), 0ΤΠΗΜ8Ι01111ΐίί«Ι ΤΘΜ, ΗΤΟ Β COCyfl ΠΟΑβΙΟΤ )KMAKOCTb, ΗΤΟ XMAKOCTb ΗΘΠρβρΜΒΗΟ ΟΤΘΚβθΤ Ηβρβ3 Β OCHOBHOM BepTMKanbHyK> n3M©pnTenbHyto menb, ητο Ha 6a30B0M n3MepnTenbHOM yHacTK8, C0Aepx<ameM )KHAKOCTb, H3 κοτορονί b ochobhom yAanēH ra3, Μ3Μθρ«(0Τ 5a30Byi0 H3MOpaeMyiO BO/lHHMHy (Ιο), ΗΤΟ B 3aBMCMMOCTM ot 10 τογο, 6onbiue μπμ MeHbiue M3MepeHHa?i Ha cooTBeTCTByiomeM M3MepnTenbH0M ynacTKe b B03Ayxe M3MepfleMaa βθπμημη3 (II), ηθμ 6a30Bafi n3MepfleMafl βθπμημηβ, απ* κθχαογο ypoBHH (m) o6pa3yeTca OTHOCMTBnbHOB ΗΜΟΠΟ (Cm) B COOTBBTCTBHH C ΟΤΗΟΐυβΗΙΊΘΜ 6a30B0H Μ3ΜθρλβΜΟΜ BenMHHHbl (Ιο) K M3M6pfl6M0M ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΘ Ha 15 cootBeTCTByiomeM yp0BHe (lm) μπμ β οοοτβθτοτβμ c odpaTHoii
ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΟΜ 3Τ0Γ0 OTHOlUBHHfl, ΗΤΟ ΠρΜ ΗΘΟβΧΟΑΜΜΟΟΤΜ Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C
BbiujeynoMBHyTo{i Kann6p0BK0ii o6pa3yeTca CKOppeKTiipoBaHHoe OTHocHTenbHoe nucno (c'm), κοτοροθ απ* χμακοοτμ, H3 κοτοροίί yAaneH ra3, paBHO 1 h απη B03Ayxa b ochobhom paBHO Hynto, h hto CTeKaiomaa 20 Ηβρθ3 M3MepMTejibHyio menb b eAHHimy βρθμθημ Macca >khakocth ΟΠρβΑΘΠΒΘΤΟΒ M3 ypaBH6HHB
M k-Σ m=1 <4·Σ< l=m j γαθ: 25 ΓΤΐ3φφ. Ūl = o6mnii BblXOAaiUMM M3 111ΘΠΜ ΟδΙΑΜίί ΠΟΤΟΚ MaCCbl K= d x S x Q ->/2gd
d[cm] = paccTOBHMB Me*Ay aneicrpoAaMM = paccTOflHMe Me*Ay 30 ypOBHHMH cm čāi? g [3r] = 981 S[cm] = ujupnHa iu©nn 35 5 46 "m"
yflem»Hafl πποτΗοσπ» χμακοοτμ η = ΟβίΜΘΘ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ 9ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Β c'm - o6pa3oeaHHoe οτηοομτθπβηοθ hmcho οτ 1 αο 0 Ha ypoBHe 10 15 20 25 30 a = 3aBMcauļafl οτ mnpnHbi ιμθπμ, kpomkm menM n t.a. nocTOflHHafl M3Mepme/ibHoro ycipoiiCTBa, KOTopaa μο>κθτ 6biTb onpepenena nyieM KannčpoBKH. 9. Cnoco6 no n.8, 0TnnMaK>miiMCii τθμ, ητο ποτοκ MonoKa bo BpeMJi npouecca ΑΟΘΗΜΗ Μ3Μθρ*Κ)Τ ΗΘρθ3 ΠΟΟΤΟΗΗΗΗΘ ΠρΟΜΘΧ/ΓΚΜ ΒρβΜΘΗΜ Μ ΗΤΟ ΑΠ* ΟΠρβΑΘΠΘΗΜΒ Η3Α09ΗΗ0Γ0 ΟβίΑβΓΟ ΚΟΠΜΗβΟΤΒΘ MonoKa o6pa3yeTC« cyMMa Μ3 cooTBeTCTByiomMX προμ3βθαθημμ Μ3 Βθ/iMMMHbi ποτοκβ Μοποκβ μ ΒρβΜΘΗΜ Mex<Ay cneAyiomMMM Apyr 3a ApyrOM Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΒΜΜ. 10. Cn0C06 ΠΟ OAHOMy M3 Π.Π. 1-9, OTAMMaiOlAMMCSI ΤΘΜ, ΗΤΟ B KanecTBe cocyAa Mcnonb3yioT αμπμηαρμηθοκμμ cocyA- 11. Cnoco6 no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 1-10, OTfiMMaioiiļMtic& τθμ, ητο ypoBHM npeAycMOTpeHbi Ha οαμηθκοβομ β3Θμμηομ yAaneHMM no BbicoTe. 12. Cnoco6 no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 1-11, OTmmaioiiiMMCfl τθμ, ητο 6a30Byio M3MepaeMyio BennHMHy μ3μθρηκτγ Ha 6a30B0M M3MepMTenbHOM ynacTKe Ha μπμ ηθποορθαοτβθηηο h3a ahom cocyAa. 13. Cnoco6 no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 1-11, OTmmaioiiļMftCfl τθμ, ητο pacnonoxeHHbiii Ha πθρβομ ypOBHe ηθα ahom cocyAa M3MepMTenbHbiii ynacTOK cny>KMT οαηοβρθμθηηο β κθηθοτβθ 6a3oeoro M3MepMTenbHoro ynacTKa. 14. Cnoco6 no 0AH0My M3 n.n. 1-13, OTAMnaioiAMMCsi τθμ, ητο Ha Ka>KAOM ypOBHe ηρόΒΟΑ^Τ Μ3ΜβρθΗΜΒ ΘΠΘΚΤρΜΗΘΟΚΟΓΟ ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΗ ΜΠΜ ΘΠΘΚΤρΜΗΘΟΚΟΜ npOBOAMMOCTM.15. Cnoco6 no 0AH0My Μ3 n.n. 1-13, οτημηθιοιαμΑοη τθμ, ητο Ha Ka>KAOM ypOBHe προβοαητ μ3μθρθημη CBeTonpoHMiļaeMOCTM μπμ ΠΟΓΠΟΙΑΘΗΜΒ MH$paKpaCHOrO M3nyH0HMB.16. Cnocoā no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 1-13, OTmmaioiuiiMCsi τθμ,ητο Ha «a>KAOM ypoBHe προβοαητ μ3μθρθημβ τθπποπροβοαηοοτμ. 17. Cnoco6 no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 1-16, OTnimaioiiļMMCfl τθμ, ητο απη KanMSpoBKM nonyneHHOM nyTOM cyMMMpOBaHMH ο6ιμθμ Maccbi (G) )KMAKOCTM, B H3CTH0CTM, ΜΟΠΟΚβ, ΒΟΘ M3MepeHHbl0 ΟΤΗΟΟΜΤΘΠΒΗΝΘ ΗΜ0Π3 (Cm) B03B0AHT Β ΟΤΘΠΘΗΒ C OAHMM Μ ΤΘΜ *Θ Π0ΙΟ33ΤΘΠΘΜ ΟΤΘΠΘΗΜ, 35 LV10342 47
KOTOpblii Oojlbtue Hynfl, flna ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΜΛ CKOpp0KTMpOBaHHblX OTHOCMTenbHbix ημοθπ (c'm). 18. Cnocos ΠΟ OflHOMy M3 Π.Π. 1-17, ΟΤΠΜΗ3Κ)111ΜΜΟΗ ΤΘΜ, HTO c uenbīo npeflOTBpameHna o6ycnoBneHHbix pa3nnHHbiMM otholuohmbmm Ha 5 OTflenbHblX M3MepirfT0nbHblX ynaCTKaX OUJI16OK, M3M0p©HMfl npOBOflflT c OflUHaKOBoii pna ecex n3MepnTenbHbix υηθοτκοβ ιοπμΟροβοηηομ
JKMflKOCTblO, HTO M3 ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΗΜΧ M3M0pB0MblX ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗ o6pa3y0TCfl epeflHBB ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗ3, M HTO M3M0pfl0MaH ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗ3 Ka^KflOrO M3MepnTenbHoro ynacTKa B3BemnBaeTca c noMouļbio βμημοπθηηογο 10 Κ03φφΜ11ΜΘΗΤ3 KOppeKlļHM B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C ΟΤΚΠΟΗΘΗΜΘΜ M3M0pfl0MOM ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΜ OT ΟρθΑΗθϋ B0ilMHMHbl. 19. Cnocoč no οαηομυ M3 n.n. 1-18, OTjiHHaiomMMCH τθμ, hto CHMTbiBaHue M3MepyieMbix βθπμημη Ha ecex ypoBHax οουιμθοτβππθτ ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ Β ΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ ΒρθΜΘΗΜ MeHbUJe 1 C0KyHflbl 15 npennoHTMTenbHO MBHbiue 0,5 οβκ, μ πρθαποητμτθπβηο b τθηθημθ 0,1 0ΘΚ.
20. ΥΟΤρΟΜΟΤΒΟ ΑΠΛ ηρΟΒΘΑΘΗΜΒ Μ3ΜθρθΗΜΜ Β n0HMCTblX ΧΜΑΚΟΟΤΑΧ, Β H3CTH0CTH, Β CM0CflX Μ3 ΜΟΠΟΚΘ Μ B03Ayxa, C COCyAOM, Ū Τ3ΙΟΚΘ ΠΟ M0HbLLI0H Μθρθ C OAHMM M3M0pHT0nbHblM yCTpofiCTBOM, C 20 nOMOlAblO ΚΟΤΟρΟΓΟ ΜΠΜ KOTOpblX ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb M3M0p0Ha Ha H0CKOnbKHX pa3nnHHbix ypoBHiix cocyAa οοοτβθτοτβθηηο 3aBMcnman ot napaMOTpa οορβρχο menca b cocyAe >kmakoctm H3MepneMan BenHHHHa (lm). OTJlHHaKJlUMMCfl ΤΘΜ, HTO ΑΠΠ H3M0p©HHB yAeHbHOM ΠΠΟΤΗΟΟΤΜ ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟΜ XHAKOCTH Ha pa3JlMHHblX ypOBHHX np©AycMOTp0H copepacamHH B 25 OCHOBHOM )KHAK0CTb, M3 KOTOpOM yAail0H ra3, 6a30BblM H3MepHT0nbHblH yHaCTOK, HTO ΠΡΘΑΥΟΜΟΤΡΟΗΟ yCTpOHCTBO, KOTOpO© B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT ΤΟΓΟ, 6onbllJ0 Unu M0HbllJ0 H3M0p©HHan Β Β03ΑΥΧβ COOTBeTCTByK)mafl M3M0pH0Man ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΘ (IL)» ΗΘΜ ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΗΘΠ Ha 6a30B0M n3M0pnT©nbHOM ynacTK0 6a30Ban M3MepaeMan βθπμημηθ (Iq), o6pa3yeT 30 Απη κ3)καογο ypoBHn OTHOCHTenbHoe ημοπο (cm) b cootbbtctbhh c
COOTHOUJ0HH0M 6a30B0M Μ3ΜθρΠΘΜΟΜ B0HHHHHbl Ha 9T0M ypOBH0 ΜΠΜ Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C OSpaTHOM ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΟη 3Τ0Γ0 ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙΠΘΗΜΠ, HTO npH H0O6xOflMMOCTH B yCTpOHCTB0 Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C BblUJ0ynOMflHyTOM
KanMčpOBKOM o6pa3yeTca CKoppeicmpoBaHHoe οτηοομτθπβηοθ ημοπο 35 (c'm), κοτοροθ αππ jkmakoctm, Μ3 κοτοροη yAaneH ra3, paBHO 1 μ απ* B03Ayxa Β OCHOBHOM paBHO HynK), Μ HTO ΠρθΑγΟΜΟΤρθΗ MHO)KMT0nbHblM 3ΠΘΜΘΗΤ, c noMombK) κοτοροΓΟ πιοβοθ OTHocMTenbHoe ημοπο (cm.c'm) 48 ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb ΠθρθΜΗΟ>ΚΘΗΟ C ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΟΜ yflenbHOM ΠΠΟΤΗΟΟΤΜ (Q) ?KMflKOCTM,'M3 κοτοροίί yAaneH ra3. 21. YCTpOiiCTBO ΑΠΒ Μ3ΜβρβΗΜΒΧ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒβ )KMflKOCTM ΠΟ Π. 20, OTMmatomeecsi τθμ, ητο npeflycMOTpeHO BbmucnmefībHoe ycTpoiicTBO 5 (ΜΡ), κοτοροβ ocymecTBnaeT πθρθμηο>κθηιιθ οπρθαθπθηηομ απβ Κ3>καογο ypoBHB (γπ) yAenbHoii πποτηοογμ c'm x Q c βκπιοηθηημμ Me>KAy 3TMM ypOBH6M M pacnOJ1OX0HHblM ΠΟΑ HMM ypOBHeM ΟβίϊθΜΟΜ (Vm) 8 cocyAe, τβκ hto o6pa3yeTC« προμ3βθαθημθ c'm x Vm x Q, n hto npeAycMOTpeHo cyMMnpyK>m©e ycTpoiicTBO απλ cyMMMpoBaHMfl 10 o6pa30BaHHbix απβ ecex ypoBHeti (η) προμ3βθαθημμ απη yKa3amifl oOiAeii Maccbi >khakocth (G) b βμαθ
G= c'm x Vm x Q
15 22. ΥοτροίίοτΒΟ no n. 22, oT/itmaioiAeecsi τθμ, hto ycTpoiiCTBO ΑΠΒ Μ3ΜθρθΗΜΒ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΕ KMAKOCTM ΠΟ Π. 21 np0AyCMOTp©HO ΗΘ M3MepnTenbH0ii KaMepe M3MepiiTenbHoro ycTpoiicTBa, ocymecTBnBtomero μ3μθρθημη πορφιημμ. 23. ΥοτροίίοτΒΟ no n.20, OTmmaiomeecfi τθμ, hto απβ 20 οπρθΑβηβΗΜΒ OTHocnTenbHoro HMcna (cm. c'm) npeAycMOTpeNo Μ3ΜβρΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΘ yCTpoflCTBO B Μ3ΜθρΜΤΘΠΒΗΟΜ ΚβΜβρθ yCīTipOiiCTBa Aflfl Μ3ΜβρθΗΜΒ nOTOKa, B KOTOpOM JKMAKOCTb ΠΟΑβΘΤΟΒ B M3MepMTenbHyiO xaMepy m jKHAKOcrb οτβκβθτ nepe3 no cymecTBy BepTHKanbHy»o menb h M3MepBeMbie βθπμημηβι oTHOCMTenbHoro nncna (cm) onpeAenfleTca Ha 25 pa3niiHHbix ypoBHBx OTHOCMTenbHoro mēmi, m hto npeAycM0TpeH0 BbiHncmiTenbHoe ycTpoiicTB01 κοτοροβ οπρθαθπβθτ eemiHWHy ποτοκβ
)KMflKOCTM B COOTBeTCTBMM C ypaBH6HlieM
( 11 I n f nr J-T- m^ = “•Σ, ļ Cin’ūCl 1_a1 ΓΣι CmXCl ^ m=1 1 tm J 1 m=1 Nn J 30 γαθ: ΙΠθφφ. [«^] = ΟδΙΑΜίί BblXOAJUAHii M3 111β/1Μ ΟβίΑΜΜ ΠΟΤΟΚ MaCCbl K = dxSxQV2gd LV10342 49 d[cm] = pacCTOAHMe Mexfly 3ΠθκτροΑδΜΜ = paccTonHM© M©>KAy
• ypoBHyiMM 9[^]=981* · S[cm] = mnpnHa menu
Q
= yflenbHa« nnoTHoerb jkmakoctm 10
η = ΟβίΜΘΘ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ ΘΠΘΚΤΡΟΑΟΒ c'm = o6pa30BaHHoe οτηοομτθπβηοθ ημοπο οτ 1 ao 0 Ha ypoBHe a = 3aBMC$uiļa* οτ tuMpMHbi ιαθπμ, kpomkh menu μ τ.Α· nocronHHan M3MepMTenbHoro ycTpOMCTBa, KOTopaa μοχθτ 6biTb οπρβΑθΠθΗβ nyreM Ka/lM6pOBKM. 15 24. ycrpOMCTBO ΠΟ OAHOMy M3 Π.Π. 20-23, OTnMHaiOLUedCSI ΤΘΜ, hto npeAycMOTpeH 6a30Bbiii H3MepMTenbHbiii yMacTOK Ha αηθ μπμ ΗΘΠΟΟρθΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ H3A AHOM COCyAa. 20 25. ΥοτροΜοτθο no OAHOMy M3 π.π. 20-23, OT/iimaiouieecsi τθμ, hto n3Mep«eMa« βθπμημηθ Ha pacnoriOKeHHOM ηθποορθαοτβθηηο HaA Ahom cocyAa ypoBHe cny>KMT b ιοηθοτβθ 6a30B0ii μ3μ©ρπθμομ ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΗ. 26. ycTpoiicTBO no OAHOMy M3 π.π. 20-25, OT/iMHatouieecsi τθμ, hto cocyA πρθαοτθβππθτ co6oii αμπμηαρμηθοκμμ cocyA. 25 27. Vctpomctbo no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 20-26, OTmmaioiueecsi τθμ, hto ypoBHH μμθιοτ OAHHaKOBO© yAaneHne APyr οτ Apyra no ββιοοτθ. 28. ycTpoiicTBO no OAHOMy M3 n.n. 20-27, OTmmaiomeecfl τθμ, hto Ha cocyAO Ha Ka*AOM ypoeH© ρθοποποχθη θπθκτροα m hto np©AyCMOTp©H 06liļMM ΠρΟΤΜΒΟΠΟΠΟΧΗΗΜ ΘΠΘΚΤΡΟΑ ΜΠΜ npOTHB Ka)KAOrO aneKrpoAa npeAycM0Tp6H προτμβοποποχημμ θπθκτροα. 29. ycTpoiiCTBO no n. 28, OT/i»maiouļeecsi τθμ, hto b ιοηθοτβθ μ3μθρπθμομ BenHHMHbl Μ3Μβρηθτοη θπθκτρμηθοκθπ npoBOflMMOcTb μπμ ΘΠΘΚΤρΜΗΘΟΚΟΘ ΟΟΠΡΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΘ. 30. ycTpoiiCTBO no n. 28 μπμ 29, OTmmaiouieecsi τθμ, hto Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΠ OCyiM©CTBnnK)TCn C nOMOlUblO ΠΘΡΘΜΘΗΗΟΓΟ Hanpn>K©HMfl. 30 50 31. ΥοτροίίοτΒΟ no n.30, OT/iMMatomeecfl τθμ, ητο πθρθμθηηοθ ηθπρακθημθ πρθαοτθβπαθτ coāoPi Hanp^eHne cnHyconflanbHOM cpopMbi ΜΠΜ KaK npn Heo6xOflHMOCTM TpeyronbHOPi Cļ)0pMbl. 32. ΥοτροΡίοτΒΟ no 0flH0My m n.n. 28-31, 0TjiMMaK>meecfl τθμ, hto flnii npeflOTBpauneHUJi οοοτθβπηιοιαηχ ποοτοηηηογο TOKa Mex<Ay MCTOHHOKOM ΗβΠρΑΧΘΗΜΑ M 06llļMM Πρ0ΤΜΒ0Π0Π0>ΚΗΜΜ 3ΠΘΚΤΡ0Α0Μ HJ1U 06llļHMH npOTMBOnOnO)KHblMM SneKTpOflaMU ΒΚΓΠΟΗΘΗ pa3Bfl3blBaiOlHHfi KOHfleHcaiop. 33. Υοτροκοτθο no OflHOMy M3 n.n. 30-32, OTflMMaioiueecfl τθμ, HTO H3M0p0HMfl OCymeCTBnflK)TCfl C HaCTOTOM OT 200 ΓLļ flO 80 ΚΓ14 M npeflnoHTMTenbHO c nacTOTofi 2 ΚΓμ. 34. ΥοτροίίοτΒΟ no oflHOMy M3 n.n. 28-33, OTntmaiouļeecsi τθμ, HTO 3neKTpOAbl B OCHOBHOM 8ΒΠ*Κ)Τ0* Kpyr71blMW Μ ΜΜΘΙΟΤ βΜΘΜΘΤρ OT 0,5 flO 1,2 MM, npeflnOHTMTenbHO 0,8 MM. 35. ΥοτροΜοτΒο no 0flH0My M3 n.n. 28-34, oTmmaiouļeecfl τθμ, hto aneiapoflbi pacnono>KeHbi Ha paccTOflHMflx no BbicoTe ot 1 ao 8 mm, npeAnoHTMTenbHO 1,5 mm. 36. ycTpofiCTBo no OAHOMy m n.n. 28-35, OT/umaiouieecsi τθμ, hto paccTOflHne Mex<Ay sneicrpoAaMM μ προτμβοποποχηβιμ sneicrpOAOM οοοτθβπαθτ ot 2 ao 150 mm, npeAnoacriiTenbHO 4 mm. 37. ΥοτροίίοτΒο no 0AH0My M3 n.n. 20-27, OTnimaioiiļeecfl τθμ, hto Ha «a>KAOM ypoBHe npeAycMOTpeHbi mctohhmkm οβθτ3, npeAnoHTHTenbHO cBeTOAHOAbi, c noMombio κοτορ^χ μοχθτ M3nyHaTbca οβθτοβομ nyn, npeAnoHTHTenbHO MHtppaKpacHbm nyn, Ηθρβ3 coAepx<amyioca b cocyA0 >KMAKOCTb, m hto npeAycMOTp0H Απη βοθχ ypOBH0M 0δϋ4ΘΜ ΜΠΜ ΑΠΗ Κ3Χ<Α0Γ0 ypOBHfl CO6CTB0HHbM θ/ΐθκτροοπτΜΗθοκΜΜ npeo6pa30BaTenb, KOTopbiii BbipaāaTbieaeT cooTBeTCTBy»oiunM πρΜΗητοίί ομπθ οβθτθ θπθκτρμηθοκμϊϊ ομγηθπ Μ3Μθρ«ΘΜθίί BenMHHHbl. 38. ΥοτροίίοτΒΟ no OAHOMy m n.n. 20-25, OTMtMaiouieecsi τθμ, hto npeAycMOTpeHbi mctohhmkh MHcppaKpacHoro οβθτθ, πρθαποητιιτθγ^ηο na3epHbiii ahoa, h 3epKanbHaa ομοτθμθ μπμ οβθτοβοαηθη τθχηκκθ, c nOMOLLļbtO KOTOpblX MHCppaKpaCHbM ΟΒΘΤΟΒΟΜ nyH M3nyHa0TCfl nocneAOBaTenbHO Ha pa3nnHHbie ypOBHM nepe3 coAep>t<amyiocji b cocyAe >KHAKOCTb, m hto npeAycMOTpeH απλ βοθχ ypoBHeii o6mti Unu ρ,ηη xa>KAoro ypoBHfl οο6οτβθηημμ ΘΠθκτροοητιΐΗθοκΜίί npeo6pa3oeaTenb, LV10342 51 KOTopbiM Bbipa6aTbiBaeT C00TBeTCTByK)Uļnii πρκΗΗτοίί cune ceeia ΘΠΘΚΤρΜΜθ'ΟΚΜίί 0ΜΓΗ3/1 Μ3ΜΘρΗΘΜθίί BeilMHMHbl. 39. Υοτρομοτβο no 0flH0My M3 n.n. 20-27, oTnMHatouieecB τθμ, mto Ha pacnono)KeHHbie Ha cocype Ha pa3nnHHbix ypoBH«x TeMnepaTypHbie 5 HyBCTBMTenbHbie θπθμθητμ c nonojKmenbHbiM TeMnepaTypHbiM κ09φφΐΊΐ4ΜθΗΤ0Μ c noMombio ciaānnbHbix mctohhmkob τοκβ noAaeTCfl bcbkmm pa3 CTaČunbHaa Mflymaa Ha HarpeBaHtie MombHOCTb, m c noMombio pe3MCTopHbix M3MepnTenbHbix αθπθμ ocymecTBnaeTCfl onpefleneHMe cooTBeTCTByiomeii TeMnepaiype TeMnepaiypHbix 10 HyBCTBMTenbHbix 3ΠΘΜΘΗΤ0Β c nonox<tiTenbHbiM TeMnepaiypHbiM Κ03φφΜ4ΜΘΗΤ0Μ ΒΘΠΜΗΜΗΜ ΟΟΠρΟΤΜΒΠΘΗΜΒ B ΙΟΗΘΟΤΒΘ Μ3ΜΘρΗΘΜθίί BenHHHHbl. 40. Cn0C06 M3MepeHMfl MaCCbl ΠΘΗΜΟΤΟΜ JKMAKOCTM, B HaCTHOCTH flna M3MepeHH9 Maccbi CMeiuaHHoro c B03pyxoM MonoKa, no n.1, 15 OTmmatomtiMCfl τθμ, ^το, npM ηθοΟχοαμμοοτμ, ποοτοηηηομ oObeMe Vo, Me>Kfly ypoBHeM m caMbiM 6nn>KaiiiiiMM ημχημμ ypOBHeM οοοτβθτοτβθηηο, flHOM cocyfla o6pa3yeTca cyMMa npM μ3βθοτηηχ ycnoBMBX οοοτβθτοτβθηηο Kann6pOBaHHbix M3MepeHHbix Ha οταθπβηηχ ypoBHax (m) 3HaneHnii (lm) μ sto 3Η3ηθημθ yMHOx<a©TCB Ha φθκτορ: 20 /„ πρΜΗΘΜ p o6o3HanaeT BennHMHy yAenbHofi πποτηοοτμ Aara3np0BaHH0fi jkhakocth, a lo o6o3Ha4aeT npH μ3βθοτηηχ ycnoBnnx Kann6poBaHHoe 25 6a30Boe μ3μθρθηηοθ 3Ha4eHne Ha μοχοαηομ n3MepMTenbHOM yHacT«e, HTOčbi onpeAenuTb o6myio Maccy no φορι^ηβ:
n Σ m=l 30
Claims (40)
- LV10342 METODE UN IERĪCE MĒRĪJUMU VEIKŠANAI PUTOJOŠĀ ŠĶIDRUMĀ PATENTA FORMULA 1, Metode mērījumu veikšanai putojošos šķidrumos, kur traukā esošā šķidrumā vairākos dažādos līmeņos attiecīgi mēra no šķidruma parametra atkarīgu mērāmo lielumu (Im), 15 atšķirīga ar to, ka, ar nolūku paaugstināt mērījuma precizitāti, lai izmērītu putojoša šķidruma īpatnējo blīvumu dažādos līmeņos (m), mēra bāzes mērāmo lielumu (Γ0) bāzes mērāmā iecirknī, kurš satur pēc būtības degazētu šķidrumu, 20 ka, atkarībā no tā, vai attiecīgais gaisā izmērītais mērāmais lielums (II) ir lielāks vai mazāks par iegūto bāzes mērāmā iecirknī bāzes mērāmo lielumu (I0), katram līmenim izveidojas relatīvs skaitlis (cm), kurš atbilst bāzes mērāmā lieluma (I0) attiecībai pret šai līmenī izmērīto lielumu (Im) vai šīs attiecības apgrieztam lielumam, 25 ka,vajadzības gadījumā, atbilstoši iepriekš minētai kalibrēšanai, tiek radīts koriģēts relatīvais skaitlis (c'm) » kurš šķidrumam, no kura aizvākts gaiss, ir 1 un gaisam būtībā ir 0, un ka katru relatīvo skaitli (cm, c'm) reizina ar degazēta šķidruma īpatnējā blīvuma lielumu (Q). 30
- 2. Metode putojoša šķidruma masas mērīšanai, konkrēti, ar gaisu sajaukta piena masas mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 1. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka katreiz nosaka tilpumu (Vm), kurš atrodas starp vienu līmeni un nākošo zemāko līmeni vai trauka dibenu, 35 ka katreiz veido reizinājumu (c'm · Q · Vm) no zemāk izvietotā līmeņa tilpuma (Vm). šim līmenim noteikta relatīvā skaitļa (c'm) un piena īpatnējā blīvuma (Q), un 2 ka šķidruma kopējo masu (G) nosaka, summējot visus tādā veidā iegūtos reizinājumus visiem līmeņiem (n) atbilstoši formulai G=£«f.-V--Q.
- 3. Metode piena daudzuma mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 2. punktu, kurā piena masu mēra pa porcijām, kurā piens nepārtraukti tiek padots uz mērtrauku un padeve tiek pārtraukta, kad tiek sasniegts iepriekš noteikts mērāmais lielums, bet pēc tam piens tiek izliets pilnīgi vai līdz otra iepriekš noteikta mērāmā lieluma sasniegšanai, līdz kamēr 10 process atkārtojas, atšķirīga ar to, ka piena padeves laikā uz mērtrauku nepārtraukti nosaka piena masu un padevi pārtrauc, kad sasniegta iepriekš noteiktā pirmā piena masa, ka piena izliešanas laikā nepārtraukti nosaka piena masu piena 15 traukā, ka piena izliešanu pārtrauc, kad sasniegta iepriekš noteiktā otrā piena masa, ka izveidojas starpība starp pirmo un otro piena masu piena masas noteikšanai, rēķinot uz ielādi,’ 20 ka procesu atkārto līdz piena plūsmas beigām slaukšanas ciklā, ka piena masu aprēķina atbilstoši ielāžu skaitam, un ka nosaka slaukšanas cikla beigās piena traukā savāktā piena masu un pieskaita to pie jau aprēķinātās.
- 4. Metode piena daudzuma mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 2. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka pēc iepriekš noteiktās pirmās piena masas sasniegšanas piena traukā pienu izlej, ka beigās nosaka putās palikušā piena masu un ka piena masu, rēķinot uz ielādi, nosaka kā starpību starp pirmo 30 iepriekš noteikto piena masu un atlieku piena masu putās.
- 5. Metode piena daudzuma mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 2. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka slaukšanas ciklā izslaukto pienu padod uz mērtrauku, 35 ka pēc iepriekš noteiktiem laika intervāliem piena padevi pārtrauc un nosaka šai bridi mērtraukā atrodošamies piena masu, LV10342 3 ka šo piena masu izlej no mērtrauka kā ielādi, iekams no jauna atvērusies piena trauka ieejas atvere, un ka atsevišķās ielādēs izmērītā piena masa tiek summēta līdz piena plūsmas beigām.
- 6. Metode piena daudzuma mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 2. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka slaukšanas ciklā izslaukto pienu padod uz mērtrauku, ka pēc iepriekš noteiktas piena masas sasniegšanas vai pēc noteiktiem laika intervāliem pienu ielādes veidā izlej no mērtrauka un ka atsevišķās ielādēs izmērītās piena masas summē līdz piena plūsmas beigām.
- 7. Metode putojoša šķidruma plūsmas mērīšanai, konkrēti, ar gaisu sajaukta piena plūsmas mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 2. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka uz trauku padod šķidrumu, ka šķidrums nepārtraukti notek caur kalibrētu atveri un ka caur kalibrēto atveri noteķošā plūsma tiek aprēķināta, izejot no šķidruma masas, kas izmērīta virs kalibrētās atveres un no šejienes iegūtā hidrostatiskā spiediena.
- 8. Metode putojoša šķidruma plūsmas mērīšanai, konkrēti, ar gaisu sajaukta piena plūsmas mērīšanai, kurā vairākos dažādos līmeņos attiecīgi mēra vienu un to pašu parametru, kurš atkarīgs no mērāmā lieluma (Im) traukā atrodošamies šķidruma, atšķirīga ar to, ka uz trauku padod šķidrumu, ka šķidrums nepārtraukti notek caur būtībā vertikālu mērspraugu, ka bāzes mērāmā iecirknī, saturošā šķidrumu, no kura būtībā aizvākta gāze, mēra bāzes mērāmo lielumu (Io), ka, atkarībā no tā, vai attiecīgais gaisā izmērītais mērāmais lielums (II) ir lielāks vai mazāks par iegūto bāzes mērāmā iecirknī bāzes mērāmo lielumu (Io), katram līmenim (m) izveidojas relatīvs skaitlis (cm), kurš atbilst bāzes mērāmā lieluma (Io) attiecībai pret šai līmenī izmērīto lielumu (Im) vai šīs attiecības apgrieztam lielumam, 4 ka,vajadzības gadījumā, atbilstoši iepriekš minētai kalibrēšanai, tiek radīts koriģēts relatīvais skaitlis (c'm) > kurš šķidrumam, no kura aizvākts gaiss, ir 1 un gaisam būtībā ir 0, un ka laika vienībā caur mērspraugu notekošā šķidruma masa tiek 5 aprēķināta pēc formulas 4—v mef = ΚΣ^-Σ*' ι-φΣρ-Σ*' m=l 1( i=m ļ( m=l ī i*m kur: nief Cg/s] - no spraugas izplūstošā kopējā masas plūsma, 10 15 K = d-S-QV2gd, d [cm] = attālums starp elektrodiem = attālums starp līmeņiem, g [cm/s^] = 981,cm/s2, S [cm] = spraugas platums, Q [g/cm3] = šķidruma īpatnējais blīvums, n = elektrodu skaits, c'm = relatīvs skaitlis no 1 līdz 0, kas rodas līmenī "m", a = kalibrēšanā noteikta konstante, kas atkarīga no spraugas platuma, spraugas malas platuma utt.
- 9. Metode, saskaņā ar 8. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka slaukšanas procesa laikā piena plūsmu mēra pēc pastāvīgiem laika sprīžiem un ka kopējo izslaukto piena daudzumu nosaka, summējot attiecīgos piena plūsmas lieluma un laika starp sekojošiem viens otram 25 mērījumiem reizinājumus.
- 10. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. - 9. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka trauks ir cilindrisks trauks.
- 11. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -10. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka līmeņi paredzēti vienādi savstarpēji attālināti pēc augstuma.
- 12. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -11. punktiem, 35 atšķirīga ar to, ka bāzes mērāmo lielumu mēra bāzes mērāmā iecirknī uz vai tieši virs trauka dibena. LV10342 5
- 13. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -11. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka virs trauka dibena pirmajā līmenī izvietotais mērāmais iecirknis kalpo par bāzes mērāmo iecirkni.
- 14. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -13. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka katrā līmenī mēra elektrisko pretestību vai elektrisko vadītspēju.
- 15. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -13. punktiem, 10 atšķirīga ar to, ka katrā līmenī mēra gaismas caurlaidību vai infrasarkanā starojuma absorbciju.
- 16. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -13. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, kā katrā līmenī mēra siltumvadītspēju. 15
- 17. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -16. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka summēšanas ceļā iegūtās kopējās šķidruma, konkrēti, piena masas (G) kalibrēšanai visus izmērītos relatīvos skaitļus (cm) kāpina vienā uņ tajā pašā pakāpē, kura ir lielāka par 0, lai iegūtu koriģētus relatīvos skaitļus (c'm).
- 18. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -17. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka, ar nolūku izvairīties no dažādu attiecību nosacītām kļūdām atsevišķos mērāmos iecirkņos, mērījumus veic ar 25 visiem mērāmiem iecirkņiem vienādu kalibrēšanas šķidrumu, ka no iegūtiem mērāmiem lielumiem aprēķina vidējo lielumu un ka katra mērāmā iecirkņa mērāmais lielums tiek koriģēts ar aprēķināta korekcijas koeficienta palīdzību atbilstoši mērāmā lieluma novirzei no vidējā lieluma. 3.0
- 19. Metode, saskaņā ar kādu no 1. -18. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka mērāmo lielumu nolasīšana visos līmeņos tiek veikta attiecīgi laika sprīdī mazākā par 1 sekundi, labāk mazākā par 0,5 sekundēm un vislabāk, 0,1 sekundes laikā. 35
- 20. Ierīce mērījumu veikšanai putojošos šķidrumos, konkrēti, piena un gaisa maisījumos, ar trauku, kā arī ar vismaz vienu mērierīci, ar 6 kuras vai kuru palīdzību vairākos dažādos trauka līmeņos var tikt izmērīts mērāmais lielums (Im)> kurš atkarīgs no traukā atrodošamies šķidruma parametra, atšķirīga ar to, ka putojoša šķidruma īpatnējā blīvuma mērīšanai dažādos līmeņos paredzēts bāzes mērāmais iecirknis, kurš satur būtībā degazētu šķidrumu, ka paredzēta ierīce, kura, atkarībā no tā, vai gaisā izmērītais attiecīgais mērāmais lielums (II) ir lielāks vai mazāks kā bāzes mērāmā iecirknī iegūtais bāzes mērāmais lielums (Io), aprēķina katram līmenim relatīvo skaitli (cm) atbilstoši attiecībai starp bāzes mērāmo lielumu un mērāmo lielumu šajā līmenī vai atbilstoši šīs attiecības apgrieztam lielumam, ka vajadzības gadījumā ierīcē, atbilstoši iepriekš minētai kalibrēšanai, tiek aprēķināts koriģēts relatīvais skaitlis (c’m)> kurš degazētam šķidrumam ir 1 un gaisam būtībā ir nulle, un ka paredzēts reizināšanas elements, ar kura palīdzību jebkurš relatīvais skaitlis (cm, c'm) var tikt sareizināts ar degazēta šķidruma īpatnējā blīvuma lielumu (Q).
- 21.Ierīce šķidruma daudzuma mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 20. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka paredzēta skaitļojamā ierīce (MP), kura veic katram līmenim (m) noteiktā īpatnējā blīvuma c’nrQ sareizināšanu ar tilpumu (Vmb kurš ir starp trauka šo līmeni un zem tā izvietoto līmeni, tādējādi radot reizinājumu c'nrVnvQ> un ka summējoša ierīce, ar kuras palīdzību tiek summēti visu līmeņu (m) reizinājumi, lai uzrādītu šķidruma kopējo masu (G) ar formulu G= j1Vn.-Vn.-Q. m*=l
- 22. Ierīce, saskaņā ar 20. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka 21. punkta ierīce šķidruma daudzuma mērīšanai paredzēta pie mērkameras mērierīcei, kura veic mērījumus pa porcijām.
- 23. Ierīce, saskaņā ar 20. punktu, LV10342 7 atšķirīga ar to, ka relatīvā skaitļa (cm, c'm) noteikšanai paredzēta mērierice, kura novietota plūsmas mērīšanas ierīces mērkamerā, uz kurieni tiek padots šķidrums, un šķidrums nepārtraukti notek pa būtībā vertikālu spraugu un relatīvā skaitļa mērāmie lielumi tiek 5 noteikti dažādos līmeņos attiecībā pret spraugu, un ka paredzēta skaitļojama ierīce, kura nosaka šķidruma plūsmas lielumu atbilstoši formulai ( n 1 " / 1 n | n mef = KIļ |c'„£c'i l_a1 κΣ#'-Σ«'< ^ m=l 1 i=ni J 1 m=l | i*m 10 kur: mef [g/s] = no spraugas izplūstošā kopējā masas plūsma, K = d-S*Q-\/2gd, d [cm] = attālums starp elektrodiem = attālums starp līmeņiem, g [cm/s^] = 981 cm/s^, 15 S [cm] = spraugas platums, Q [g/cm3] = šķidruma īpatnējais blīvums, n = elektrodu skaits, c'm = relatīvs skaitlis no 1 līdz 0, kas rodas līmenī "m", a = kalibrēšanā noteikta konstante, kas atkarīga no spraugas 20 platuma, spraugas malas platuma utt.
- 24. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-23. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka uz trauka dibena vai tieši virs trauka dibena paredzēts bāzes mērāmais iecirknis. 25
- 25. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-23. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka mērāmais lielums, kas iegūts tieši virs trauka dibena izvietotajā līmenī, kalpo par bāzes mērāmo lielumu.
- 26. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-25. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka trauks ir cilindrisks trauks.
- 27. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-26. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka līmeņi augstumā ir vienādi attālināti viens no otra. 35 8
- 28. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-27. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka uz trauka katrā līmenī ir novietots elektrods un ka paredzēts kopīgs pretējais elektrods vai pretī katram elektrodam paredzēts pretējais elektrods. 5
- 29. Ierīce, saskaņā ar 28. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka kā mērāmais lielums tiek mērīta elektriskā vadītspēja vai elektriskā pretestība.
- 30. Ierīce, saskaņā ar 28. vai 29. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka mērījumi tiek veikti ar mainīga sprieguma palīdzību.
- 31. Ierīce, saskaņā ar 30. punktu, 15 atšķirīga ar to, ka mainīgais spriegums ir spriegums ar sinusoīdas formu vai, nepieciešamības gadījumā, ar trīsstūrveida formu.
- 32. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 28.-31. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka līdzstrāvas komponentu izslēgšanai starp 20 sprieguma avotu un kopīgo pretējo elektrodu vai kopīgiem pretējiem elektrodiem tajā ir iekļauts atbrīvojošais kondensators.
- 33. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 30.-32. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka mērījumi tiek veikti ar frekvenci no 200 Hz līdz 25 80 KHz un vislabāk ar frekvenci 2 KHz,
- 34. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 28.-33. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka elektrodi ir būtībā apaļi ar diametru no 0,5 līdz 1,2 mm, vislabāk 0,8 mm. 30
- 35. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 28.-34. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka elektrodi ir izvietoti 1 līdz 8 mm attālumā viens no otra (pēc augstuma), vislabāk 1,5 mm. 35
- 36 Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 28.-35. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka attālums starp elektrodiem un pretējo elektrodu ir no 2 līdz 150 mm, vislabāk 4 mm. LV10342 9
- 37. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-27. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka katrā līmenī paredzēti gaismas avoti, vislabāk gaismas diodes, ar kuru palīdzību caur traukā esošo šķidrumu var tikt izstarots gaismas stars, vislabāk infrasarkanais stars, un 5 ka paredzēts visiem līmeņiem kopīgs vai katram līmenim savs elektrooptisks pārveidotājs, kurš rada pieņemtam gaismas stiprumam atbilstošu mērāmā lieluma elektrisku signālu.
- 38. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-25. punktiem, 10 atšķirīga ar to, ka paredzēti infrasarkanās gaismas avoti, vislabāk lāzera diode, un spoguļu sistēma vai gaismas pārvadāšanas tehnika, ar kuru palīdzību infrasarkanās gaismas stars tiek secīgi izstarots dažādos līmeņos caur traukā esošo šķidrumu, ka paredzēts visiem līmeņiem kopīgs vai katram līmenim savs 15 elektrooptisks pārveidotājs, kurš rada pieņemtam gaismas stiprumam atbilstošu mērāmā lieluma elektrisku signālu.
- 39. Ierīce, saskaņā ar kādu no 20.-27. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka dažādos līmeņos uz trauka izvietotiem 20 temperatūras jūtīgiem elementiem ar pozitīvu temperatūras koeficientu ar stabilu strāvas avotu palīdzību tiek padota vienmēr stabila sildoša jauda un ar mērīšanas rezistoru ķēžu palīdzību tiek noteikti temperatūras jūtīgo elementu ar pozitīvu temperatūras koeficientu attiecīgās temperatūras pretestības lielumi kā mērāmie 25 lielumi.
- 40. Metode putojoša šķidruma masas mērīšanai, konkrēti, ar gaisu sajaukta piena masas mērīšanai, saskaņā ar 1. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka, vajadzības gadījumā, pie pastāvīga tilpuma Vo 30 starp līmeni un pašu tuvāko zemāko līmeni, respektīvi trauka dibenu, tiek summētas pie zināmiem nosacījumiem atbilstoši kalibrētiem mērījumiem atsevišķos līmeņos (m) izmērītās (Im) vērtības un šī vērtība tiek reizināta ar faktoru Vo.p Io * 35 10 kur p apzīmē degazēta šķidruma īpatnējā blīvuma lielumu, bet I0 apzīmē zināmos apstākļos izmērītu kalibrētu bāzes vērtību izejas mērāmā iecirknī, lai aprēķinātu kopējo masu pēc formulas 5 G = Vo-p Io
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873737607 DE3737607A1 (de) | 1987-11-05 | 1987-11-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung von messungen an einer schaeumenden fluessigkeit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
LV10342A LV10342A (lv) | 1994-10-20 |
LV10342B true LV10342B (en) | 1995-06-20 |
Family
ID=6339870
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
LVP-92-309A LV10342B (en) | 1987-11-05 | 1992-12-17 | Method and device for measurement in foaming liquid |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5035139A (lv) |
EP (1) | EP0315201B1 (lv) |
JP (1) | JPH0820353B2 (lv) |
AT (1) | ATE127222T1 (lv) |
AU (1) | AU606762B2 (lv) |
CA (1) | CA1328747C (lv) |
DD (1) | DD283460A5 (lv) |
DE (2) | DE3737607A1 (lv) |
DK (1) | DK170828B1 (lv) |
ES (1) | ES2079353T3 (lv) |
HU (1) | HU213829B (lv) |
IL (1) | IL88240A (lv) |
LT (1) | LT3634B (lv) |
LV (1) | LV10342B (lv) |
NZ (1) | NZ226851A (lv) |
RU (1) | RU1836624C (lv) |
Families Citing this family (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990008304A1 (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1990-07-26 | Europa International Manufacturing Pty Ltd. | Level sensor |
CA2122824C (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1999-06-29 | Alfred Bohm | Process and device for taking representative milk samples |
AU670629B2 (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1996-07-25 | Tru-Test Limited | Fluid meter |
DE4317366C2 (de) † | 1993-05-25 | 1997-04-17 | Ultrakust Electronic Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung eines Volumenstromes |
GB9311187D0 (en) * | 1993-05-29 | 1993-07-14 | Schlumberger Ind Ltd | Fluid level sensing systems |
US5597950A (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 1997-01-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Surfactant monitoring by foam generation |
US5868859A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1999-02-09 | Ecolab Inc. | Use of infrared radiation in detection methods to defoam aqueous systems |
US5877417A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1999-03-02 | Compucon Corporation | Flow meter |
DE19736869A1 (de) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-04 | Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Prüfung von Behältern mit Verschlüssen |
US20050026283A1 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2005-02-03 | Owe Ormar | Method for combined parallel agent delivery and electroporation for cell structures and thereof |
DE10105927A1 (de) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-09-05 | Westfalia Landtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Masse eines fließenden, schäumenden Fluidstroms, insbesondere eines Milchstroms |
US6604053B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2003-08-05 | Global Tech Systems, Inc. | Method for measuring flow rate of a continuous fluid flow |
US6722208B2 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2004-04-20 | Global Tech Systems, Inc. | Milk flow meter for a milking system having a substantially stable vacuum level and method for using same |
JP3589449B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-26 | 2004-11-17 | 株式会社ユニレック | 静電容量センサ、管内流動判断装置、管内流動制御装置 |
EP1444486A1 (de) * | 2001-11-16 | 2004-08-11 | WestfaliaSurge GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung eines volumenstroms einer während eines melkvorgangs fliessenden milch |
US6741942B2 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2004-05-25 | S.A.E. Afikim | Free-flow fluid measurement meter |
EP2347824A3 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2012-03-07 | Cellectricon Ab | Systems and methods for rapidly changing the solution environment around sensors |
NL1021431C1 (nl) * | 2002-08-06 | 2004-02-10 | Lely Entpr Ag | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het bewaken van de reiniging van een melkleiding. |
US6708573B1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for filling compressed gas fuel dispensers which utilizes volume and density calculations |
SE523800C2 (sv) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-05-18 | Delaval Holding Ab | Metod för kalibrering av mjölkmätare i ett mjölkningssystem |
DE102004048746A1 (de) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Messung des Milchmassenstroms, insbesondere während des Melkvorgangs |
DE102004048736A1 (de) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Milchmengenmessung, insbesondere während des Melkvorgangs |
DE102006028748B4 (de) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-04-24 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Erfassung eines Milchstroms |
US7900581B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2011-03-08 | Gea Farm Technologies Gmbh | Device for the measurement of a milk stream |
PT2396651T (pt) * | 2009-02-13 | 2020-12-28 | Cidra Corporate Services Inc | Utilização de medição de fração vazia de gás no controlo de loop fechado de um processo de fermentação |
CA2753412C (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2015-07-14 | Orion Machinery Company Limited | Milk meter and milking device |
JP5544551B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-26 | 2014-07-09 | オリオン機械株式会社 | 乳量計 |
US8297131B2 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2012-10-30 | Innoquest, Inc. | Apparatus for the measurement of liquid flow rates |
DE102009022691A1 (de) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-30 | Krones Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Schaumdichte |
JP5610260B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-18 | 2014-10-22 | オリオン機械株式会社 | 乳量計及び乳量測定方法 |
JP5224549B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-18 | 2013-07-03 | オリオン機械株式会社 | 乳量計 |
ES2755958T3 (es) * | 2014-09-24 | 2020-04-24 | Interpuls Spa | Aparato de medición volumétrica de cantidad de leche de doble cámara |
DE102015101406A1 (de) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-04 | Systronik Elektronik Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Messvorrichtung zur Messung eines Volumenstroms einer Flüssigkeit |
CH711157A2 (de) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-15 | Tecan Trading Ag | Verfahren zur Detektion einer Schaumgrenze und entsprechend ausgestattete Vorrichtung. |
US10159213B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2018-12-25 | Beco Dairy Automation Inc. | Fluid measurement device and methods of making and using the same |
CN106404091B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-11-23 | 河海大学 | 一种基于体积法的泵站流量测法 |
GB201608280D0 (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-06-22 | Heineken Uk Ltd | Connector |
CA3035389A1 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Interface detection device and system for dispersed multi-phase fluids |
NL2017992B1 (nl) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-26 | Lely Patent Nv | Melksysteem |
NL2017993B1 (nl) | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-26 | Lely Patent Nv | Melksysteem |
DE102018111675A1 (de) | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-21 | Gea Farm Technologies Gmbh | Messanordnung für optische Messungen an Milch während eines Melkvorgangs |
NL2021069B1 (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-11 | Heineken Supply Chain Bv | Flow detection circuit |
CN113758549B (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-06-09 | 辽宁科技大学 | 一种快速测量浮选泡沫产品重量的方法 |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3075383A (en) * | 1960-12-14 | 1963-01-29 | Integral Ltd | Flowmeter |
US3370466A (en) * | 1965-09-24 | 1968-02-27 | United States Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for locating interfaces between fluids |
NL6800855A (lv) * | 1967-01-24 | 1968-07-25 | ||
DE1607007A1 (de) * | 1967-06-05 | 1970-05-14 | Plastic Products Ltd | Milchflussmessgeraet |
FR1599037A (lv) * | 1968-11-12 | 1970-07-15 | ||
GB1316573A (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1973-05-09 | Fullwood Bland Ltd R J | Liquid-measuring apparatus |
US4010643A (en) * | 1974-08-20 | 1977-03-08 | Istvan Dekan | Measuring device for tapping apparatus for foam-forming beverages |
US3933030A (en) * | 1974-09-09 | 1976-01-20 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | System for continuous monitoring of the density of cryogenic liquids via dielectric constant measurements |
CA1053778A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1979-05-01 | Frank Kitzinger | Froth level monitor |
US4084426A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1978-04-18 | Jos. Schlitz Brewing Company | Foam monitor and method |
DE2810376B2 (de) * | 1978-03-10 | 1980-04-03 | D E C Gmbh, 4660 Gelsenkirchen-Buer | MilchmengenmeBgerät |
DE2811376C3 (de) | 1978-03-16 | 1980-09-25 | Hazemag Dr. E. Andreas Gmbh & Co, 4400 Muenster | Rotor für Prallmühlen, insbesondere für Sandprallmühlen |
DE3005489A1 (de) * | 1980-02-14 | 1981-08-20 | Helmut 5204 Lohmar Lemmer | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur volumetrischen erfassung von gemelken |
DE3007658A1 (de) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-17 | Rainer 6630 Saarlouis Lodes | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung des fuellstandes in behaeltern und zur ueberpruefung der beschaffenheit des fuellmediums |
DE3020161C2 (de) * | 1980-05-28 | 1982-12-16 | Westfalia Separator Ag, 4740 Oelde | Milchmengenmeßgerät für Melkanlagen zum unmittelbaren Messen der von einer Kuh im Zuge des Melkens abgegebenen Milchmenge |
DE3022848A1 (de) * | 1980-06-19 | 1982-01-14 | Willy Dipl.-Ing. 4053 Jüchen Bartels | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung von bierschaum |
DE3030259C2 (de) * | 1980-08-09 | 1982-05-27 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum berührungsfreien Messen des Füllstandes einer durchsichtigen Flüssigkeit |
DE3101302A1 (de) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-08-05 | Bio-Melktechnik Swiss Hoefelmayr & Co, 9052 Niederteufen, Aargau | "milchflussmesser" |
DE3103669C2 (de) * | 1981-02-04 | 1985-02-07 | Westfalia Separator Ag, 4740 Oelde | Milchmengenmeßgerät für Melkanlagen zum unmittelbaren Messen der von einer Kuh im Zuge des Melkens abgegebenen Milchmenge |
US4433577A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1984-02-28 | Boris Khurgin | Apparatus for metering liquid flow |
DE3139536C2 (de) * | 1981-10-05 | 1986-08-07 | Westfalia Separator Ag, 4740 Oelde | Milchmengenmeßgerät für Melkanlagen zum unmittelbaren Messen der von einer Kuh im Zuge des Melkens abgegebenen Milchmenge |
DE3145301C2 (de) * | 1981-11-14 | 1987-05-07 | ESB Schweißbetrieb Burbach & Bender oHG, 5900 Siegen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Menge der Schmelze in einem Behandlungs- oder Transportgefäß |
SE429790B (sv) * | 1982-01-20 | 1983-09-26 | Teccon Utvecklings Ab | Metod och anordning for bestemning av verden avseende massan hos ett materialflode |
DE3210465A1 (de) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-09-29 | Ultrakust Gerätebau GmbH & Co KG, 8375 Ruhmannsfelden | Vorrichtung zur erfassung der menge der von einer kuh bei einem melkvorgang abgegebenen milch |
US4450722A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-05-29 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Water level gauge with fault detector |
SE447304B (sv) * | 1983-08-18 | 1986-11-03 | Scandiaconsult Ab | Anordning for metning av vetskeandelen i ett tvafasflode av gas och vetska |
US4794256A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1988-12-27 | Kay-Ray, Inc. | Fast neutron process measurement system |
US4833918A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1989-05-30 | Cannonbear, Inc. | Sensor and method for ullage level and flow detection |
GB8626169D0 (en) * | 1986-11-01 | 1986-12-03 | Parke Davis & Co Ltd | Determining amount of substance in vessel |
-
1987
- 1987-11-05 DE DE19873737607 patent/DE3737607A1/de active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-10-20 DK DK585688A patent/DK170828B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-10-31 AU AU24535/88A patent/AU606762B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-10-31 IL IL8824088A patent/IL88240A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-03 DD DD88321427A patent/DD283460A5/de unknown
- 1988-11-04 RU SU884356887A patent/RU1836624C/ru active
- 1988-11-04 US US07/268,025 patent/US5035139A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-04 HU HU885720A patent/HU213829B/hu unknown
- 1988-11-04 DE DE3854374T patent/DE3854374D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-04 CA CA000582282A patent/CA1328747C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-04 ES ES88118435T patent/ES2079353T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-04 NZ NZ226851A patent/NZ226851A/en unknown
- 1988-11-04 EP EP88118435A patent/EP0315201B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-04 AT AT88118435T patent/ATE127222T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-05 JP JP63280251A patent/JPH0820353B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-07-09 US US07/727,659 patent/US5094112A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-12-17 LV LVP-92-309A patent/LV10342B/lv unknown
-
1993
- 1993-10-18 LT LTIP1410A patent/LT3634B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3737607C2 (lv) | 1992-08-06 |
DE3854374D1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
ES2079353T3 (es) | 1996-01-16 |
HU213829B (en) | 1997-10-28 |
IL88240A0 (en) | 1989-06-30 |
DE3737607A1 (de) | 1989-05-24 |
DK585688A (da) | 1989-05-25 |
LT3634B (en) | 1996-01-25 |
EP0315201A2 (de) | 1989-05-10 |
EP0315201A3 (en) | 1990-05-30 |
HUT65727A (en) | 1994-07-28 |
JPH02138829A (ja) | 1990-05-28 |
RU1836624C (ru) | 1993-08-23 |
DK585688D0 (da) | 1988-10-20 |
LTIP1410A (en) | 1995-05-25 |
US5094112A (en) | 1992-03-10 |
AU606762B2 (en) | 1991-02-14 |
EP0315201B1 (de) | 1995-08-30 |
IL88240A (en) | 1994-06-24 |
DK170828B1 (da) | 1996-01-29 |
ATE127222T1 (de) | 1995-09-15 |
DD283460A5 (de) | 1990-10-10 |
AU2453588A (en) | 1989-05-11 |
LV10342A (lv) | 1994-10-20 |
CA1328747C (en) | 1994-04-26 |
NZ226851A (en) | 1991-03-26 |
JPH0820353B2 (ja) | 1996-03-04 |
US5035139A (en) | 1991-07-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
LV10342B (en) | Method and device for measurement in foaming liquid | |
US4204427A (en) | Device for the capacitive level height measurement of liquids or solids | |
WO1988001810A1 (en) | Crystal oscillator compensation circuit | |
DE4405253A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Steuern des Durchsatzes von Schwingzuführvorrichtungen | |
GB2030301A (en) | Apparatus for measuring the concentration of gaseous hydrogen dissolved in a liquid substance | |
DE2722560A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen messung von gasdruecken | |
EP0487498B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Dichte von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen aus der Periodendauer eines mit einem Präparat gefüllten Schwingers | |
JPS5825414B2 (ja) | ミルクの脂肪分を調整する方法及び装置 | |
US4658207A (en) | Device for measuring the water content of ink samples | |
DE1072832B (de) | UHtraschallgeber | |
DE69317984T2 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung des Gewichtes von Lebensmitteln in einem Mikrowellenherd | |
Igarashi et al. | Determination of docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 fatty acids in refined fish oils by H-NMR spectroscopy: IUPAC Interlaboratory study | |
GB1562141A (en) | Devices for monitoring the liquid level in plastics containers | |
US4982755A (en) | Flux density control system | |
DE3344537C1 (de) | Verfahren zum taktweisen Dosieren einer flüssigen Metallmenge beim Druckgießen | |
DE102005012566A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Messen des Füllstandes einer Flüssigkeit in einem Behälter mit einem Ultraschallwandler | |
DE2252266B2 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen modulierter Atom-Resonanzstrahlung | |
JP2000009673A (ja) | 容量式センサ装置 | |
DE102013107963A1 (de) | Drucksensor zum Messen des Messdrucks eines Mediums | |
US3902564A (en) | Weigher for liquids | |
DE10030788C1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Mengendosierung einer Flüssigkeit | |
Holmes et al. | Measurement of consummatory behavior in the fish | |
Van Hoye et al. | Relative sensitivity coefficients for the analysis of steel by spark-source mass-spectrometry | |
RU2366904C2 (ru) | Способ непрерывного дозирования сыпучих материалов | |
EP1072870B1 (en) | A capacitive sensor for water level measurement in an oil tank |