KR890010401A - 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지(擔持)하기 위한 높은 효율의 금속제 담지모체(擔持母體) - Google Patents
배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지(擔持)하기 위한 높은 효율의 금속제 담지모체(擔持母體) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR890010401A KR890010401A KR1019880017674A KR880017674A KR890010401A KR 890010401 A KR890010401 A KR 890010401A KR 1019880017674 A KR1019880017674 A KR 1019880017674A KR 880017674 A KR880017674 A KR 880017674A KR 890010401 A KR890010401 A KR 890010401A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- metal
- bands
- catalyst
- matrix
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
- F01N3/2821—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates the support being provided with means to enhance the mixing process inside the converter, e.g. sheets, plates or foils with protrusions or projections to create turbulence
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/1234—Honeycomb, or with grain orientation or elongated elements in defined angular relationship in respective components [e.g., parallel, inter- secting, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12361—All metal or with adjacent metals having aperture or cut
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12361—All metal or with adjacent metals having aperture or cut
- Y10T428/12368—Struck-out portion type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/1241—Nonplanar uniform thickness or nonlinear uniform diameter [e.g., L-shape]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12444—Embodying fibers interengaged or between layers [e.g., paper, etc.]
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명의 첫번째 실시예에 따른 금속제 담지 모체의 사시도.
제2도는 본 발명의 두번째 실시예에 따른 금속제 담지 모체의 사시도.
제3도는 본 발명에 사용되는 다수의 구멍과 그 구멍들의 근처에 돌기를 갖는 평판상 금속밴드의 일실시예에 따른 요부 사시도.
Claims (13)
- 얇은 금속 시트로 만든 적어도 하나의 평판상 금속 밴드와 다른 얇은 금속 시트로 만든 적어도 하나의 파판상 금속 밴드를 서로 교대로 겹쳐 쌓아, 그것의 중심축을 따라 다수의 망상 가스 흐름 통로를 가져, 그 가스 흐름 통로를 통하여 배기 가스와 축방향으로 흐르게 하는 배기 가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지 모체에 있어서, 상기 밴드의 적어도 하나에 그것을 관통하는 다수의 구멍을 갖고, 각각의 구멍 주위 또는 근처에 다수의 돌기를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속체 담지모체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 돌출부가 라지(ridge)형태인 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 라지가 배기가스 흐름방향에 대하여 그것의 길이 방향이 직각으로 놓이게 배열된 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 밴드중의 하나는 그것을 관통하는 다수의 구멍을 갖고, 각각의 구멍 주위 또는 근처에 다수의 돌출부를 가지며, 상기 밴드중의 다른 하나는 구멍을 낸 금속 시트로 만든 배기 가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 맨드중의 하나는 그것을 관통하는 다수의 구멍을 갖고, 각각의 구멍 주위 또는 근처에 다수의 돌출부를 가지며, 상기 밴드중의 하나는 구멍을 낸 금속 시트로 만든 배기 가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 밴드들은 각각 그것을 관통하는 다수의 구멍을 갖고, 각각의 구멍 주위 또는 부근에 다수의 돌출부를 갖는 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 적층 구조체가 밴드들 사이에 접점이 형성되도록 서로 교대로 겹쳐 쌓은 다음에, 겹쳐 쌓아진 밴드를 함께 와선형으로 말아 그것의 중심축을 따라 다수의 망상가스 흐름 통로를 갖는 것인 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 적층 구조체가 층형태로 밴드를 겹쳐 쌓아서 얻어지므로, 그것의 중심축을 따라 다수의 망상 가스 흐름 통로를 갖는 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속체 담지모체.
- 얇은 금속 시트로 만든 적어도 하나의 평판상 금속 밴드와 다른 얇은 금속 시트로 만든 적어도 하나의 파판상 금속 밴드를 서로 교대로 겹쳐 쌓고, 그것의 중심축을 따라 다수의 망상 가스 흐름 통로를 가져, 그 가스 흐름 통로를 통하여 배기가스가 축방향으로 흐르게 하는 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제담지 모체에 있어서, 상기 밴드중의 적어도 하나가 금속망으로 만든 것을 특징으로 하는 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속체 담지모체.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 밴드중의 하나는 금속망으로 만들고, 상기 밴드중의 다른 하나는 구멍을 낸 금속 시트로 만든 배기가스 전화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속체 담지모체.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 각각의 밴드가 금속망으로 만들어진 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속체 담지모체.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 적층 구조체가 밴드들 사이에 접점이 형성되도록 서로 교대로 겹쳐 쌓은 다음에, 겹쳐 쌓여진 밴드를 함께 와선형으로 말아 그것의 중심축을 따라 다수의 망상가스 흐름통로를 갖는 것인 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 금속제 담지모체.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 적층구조체가 서로 교대로 겹쳐 쌓아 얻어, 그 적층 구조체가 그것의 중심축을 따라 다수의 망상가스 흐름 통로를 갖는 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 담지하기 위한 담지모체.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1987197359U JP2506909Y2 (ja) | 1987-12-28 | 1987-12-28 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒の金属製担持母体 |
JP??62-197359 | 1987-12-28 | ||
JP?62-197359 | 1987-12-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR890010401A true KR890010401A (ko) | 1989-08-08 |
KR940005667B1 KR940005667B1 (ko) | 1994-06-22 |
Family
ID=16373175
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019880017674A KR940005667B1 (ko) | 1987-12-28 | 1988-12-28 | 배기 가스 정화용 촉매를 담지(擔持)하기 위한 높은 효율의 금속제 담지모체(擔持母體) |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4987034A (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2506909Y2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR940005667B1 (ko) |
DE (2) | DE8816137U1 (ko) |
GB (1) | GB2213074B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10020170C1 (de) | 2000-04-25 | 2001-09-06 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Verfahren zum Entfernen von Rußpartikeln aus einem Abgas und zugehöriges Auffangelement |
EP0396650B2 (de) * | 1988-09-02 | 1995-04-12 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur durchführung katalysierter reaktionen |
DE3923094C2 (de) * | 1989-07-13 | 1993-11-25 | Ltg Lufttechnische Gmbh | Katalysator-Trägerkörper |
US5403559A (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1995-04-04 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie | Device for cleaning exhaust gases of motor vehicles |
FR2656376B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-04-29 | Rosi Ets | Pot d'echappement, notamment catalytique, pour les gaz brules de moteurs a combustion interne. |
US5187142A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-02-16 | General Motors Corporation | Catalytic converter metal monolith |
US5312694A (en) * | 1991-10-17 | 1994-05-17 | Ishino Corporation Co., Ltd. | Material for catalyzer for purification of exhaust gas and catalyzer using such a material |
FR2683854A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-21 | Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto | Structure de support d'au moins un materiau de catalyse des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur notamment de vehicule automobile. |
US5246672A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-09-21 | Williams International Corporation | Spiral wound microlith catalyst bed |
DE4221763A1 (de) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Katalysators |
DE4233404C2 (de) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-08-18 | Degussa | Monolithischer Metallträgerkatalysator mit einem katalytisch beschichteten Wabenkörper |
US5330728A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-07-19 | General Motors Corporation | Catalytic converter with angled inlet face |
JPH06254413A (ja) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-09-13 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 乱流穴を有するハニカム体 |
US5599509A (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1997-02-04 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Honeycomb body and catalyst converter having catalyst carrier configured of this honeycomb |
JPH06320014A (ja) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-11-22 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | メタル担体 |
US5820832A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1998-10-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Plate-type catalytic converter |
US5395600A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-03-07 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Corrugated thin metal monolith converter |
US5549873A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-08-27 | Volkswagen Ag | Exhaust gas converter arrangement |
CZ289693B6 (cs) * | 1994-04-11 | 2002-03-13 | Scambia Industrial Developments | Katalyzátor na katalytické oąetření výfukových plynů |
JPH07293232A (ja) * | 1994-04-21 | 1995-11-07 | Nippon Soken Inc | 排ガス浄化用金属製触媒担体 |
FR2722832B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-09-13 | Rosi Ets | Pot d'echappement catalytique a enveloppe soudee |
EP0713725B1 (en) * | 1994-11-22 | 2001-04-25 | Cataler Industrial Co., Ltd. | Metallic support catalyst |
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-
1987
- 1987-12-28 JP JP1987197359U patent/JP2506909Y2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-12-23 GB GB8830112A patent/GB2213074B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-28 KR KR1019880017674A patent/KR940005667B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-28 DE DE8816137U patent/DE8816137U1/de not_active Expired
- 1988-12-28 DE DE3844153A patent/DE3844153A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-04-04 US US07/504,076 patent/US4987034A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3844153A1 (de) | 1989-07-13 |
GB2213074B (en) | 1992-07-15 |
JPH01101638U (ko) | 1989-07-07 |
US4987034A (en) | 1991-01-22 |
JP2506909Y2 (ja) | 1996-08-14 |
DE8816137U1 (de) | 1989-04-06 |
KR940005667B1 (ko) | 1994-06-22 |
GB8830112D0 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
GB2213074A (en) | 1989-08-09 |
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