KR20090119831A - Power aggregation system for distributed electric resources - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems and methods are described for a power aggregation system. In one implementation, a service establishes individual Internet connections to numerous electric resources intermittently connected to the power grid, such as electric vehicles. The Internet connection may be made over the same wire that connects the resource to the power grid. The service optimizes power flows to suit the needs of each resource and each resource owner, while aggregating flows across numerous resources to suit the needs of the power grid. The service can bring vast numbers of electric vehicle batteries online as a new, dynamically aggregated power resource for the power grid. Electric vehicle owners can participate in an electricity trading economy regardless of where they plug into the power grid.

Description

POWER AGGREGATION SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC RESOURCES}

The present invention relates to a power integration system, and to a system and method related thereto.

This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60 / 869,439, "A Distributed Energy Storage Management System," filed December 11, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference; US Provisional Patent Application 60 / 915,347, "Plug-ln-Vehicle Management System," filed May 1, 2007, incorporated herein by reference; US Patent Application No. 11 / 836,741, “Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources,” filed on August 9, 2007, incorporated herein by reference.

Transport systems that are highly dependent on fossil fuels are particularly carbon intensive. That is, the work of the physical unit carried out in the transport system usually releases significantly more CO ₂ into the atmosphere than the work of the same unit carried out electrically.

The power grid includes limited unique facilities for storing electrical energy. Electricity must be generated continuously to meet the uncertain demands that often cause overproduction (wasting energy) and sometimes underpowering (capacity).

Distributed electrical resources can be integrated to in principle provide an important resource for handling the problem. However, current power service infrastructure lacks the supply and flexibility required to integrate many small resources (eg, electric vehicle batteries) to meet medium and large power service needs. Single vehicle batteries are pointless when compared to the demands of a power grid. As electric vehicles become more prevalent and widespread, there is a need for a method of adjusting the vast number of electric vehicle batteries.

A low-level electrical and communication interface that enables charging and discharging of an electric vehicle to a grid is described in US Pat. No. 5,642,270, which is incorporated herein by reference, which is filed by Green et al. And entitled "Battery powered electric". vehicle and electrical supply system ". The aforementioned Green patent describes a two-way charging and communication system for grid-connected electric vehicles, but includes information processing requirements for a large number of mobile populations of electric vehicles, the complexity of vehicle owner payments (or compensation), and the grid operator. It does not address the complexity of assembling a mobile pool of electric vehicles with an integrated power resource that is robust enough to support a stable power service contract.

Power integration systems for distributed electrical resources and methods associated therewith are described herein. In one embodiment, the example system communicates with a plurality of individual electrical resources connected to a power grid (here “grid”) via the Internet and / or some other public or private network. By communicating, the example system can dynamically integrate these electrical resources to provide power services to grid operators (eg, utilities, independent system operators (ISO), etc.). As used herein, “power service” refers to energy delivery as well as other incidental services including demand response, conditioning, spinning reserve, non-spinning reserve, energy imbalance, and similar products. As used herein, "aggregation" refers to the ability to control the flow of power into and out of a set of spatially distributed electrical resources for the purpose of providing larger scale power services. As used herein, "power grid operator" refers to the entity responsible for maintaining the operation and stability of the power grid with respect to the electrical control area. The power grid operator configures any combination of manual / human action / mediation and automation processes that control the generated signals in response to system sensors. The "control area operator" is an example of a power grid operator. As used herein, “control area” refers to the part included in the electrical grid with defined input and output ports. The net flow of power to this area must be equal to the sum of the power consumption in the area and the power output from the area (within some error tolerance).

As used herein, "power grid" refers to a power distribution system / network connecting power producers and power consumers. The network includes a safety device as part of any / all of generators, transformers, interconnects, switching stations, substations, feeders, and power transmission systems (i.e. bulk power) or power distribution systems (i.e. retail power). It may include. The example power integration system can be scaled up vertically for use in a neighborhood, city, sector, control area, or one of eight large interconnects (for example) of the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC). In addition, the example system may scale horizontally for use in providing power services to multiple grid areas simultaneously.

As used herein, a "grid state" refers to the need for the approximate power flowing into and out of a section of a power grid, in response to one of a number of states, for example, supply changes, demand changes, accidents and failures, ramping events, etc. it means. These grid states usually manifest themselves as power quality events such as under or over voltage events and under or over frequency events.

As used herein, “power quality event” usually refers to signs of power grid instability, including voltage deviation and frequency deviation, and power quality events also indicate power quality delivered by the power grid, such as sub-cycle voltage spikes and harmonics. Also includes other disorders.

As used herein, an “electrical resource” is usually an electrical entity that can be instructed to perform some or all of the following three (power acquisition (operation as load), power provision (power generation or operation as power source), and energy storage). Indicates. Examples may include battery / charger / inverter systems for electric or hybrid vehicles, storage of used but serviceable electric vehicle batteries, fixed energy storage, fuel cell generators, emergency generators, controllable loads, and the like.

"Electric vehicles" is used broadly here to refer to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), in particular pure electric and hybrid electric vehicles such as vehicles having a large storage battery and connecting to a power grid to recharge the battery. More specifically, an electric vehicle means a vehicle that obtains some or all of its energy from the power grid for operation and other purposes. In addition, the electric vehicle has an energy storage system that can be configured with a battery, a capacitor, or the like or some combination thereof. The electric vehicle may or may not have the ability to return power to the electric grid.

Electric vehicle “energy storage systems” (batteries, supercapacitors and / or other energy storage devices) are used here as representative examples of electrical resources that are intermittently or permanently connected to a grid that may have dynamic input and output of power. Such a battery can function as a power source or a power load. Despite the recognizable trend of periodical connections (for example, an increase in the total number of vehicles connected to the grid at night; a decrease in the cumulative number of connected batteries as the morning commute begins), the set of integrated electric vehicle batteries A plurality of batteries can be a statistically stable resource. For large electric vehicle batteries, the connection tendency is predictable and these batteries become stable and reliable resources for the demands, so that the grid or part of the grid (such as an uninterrupted home) needs for increased or reduced power Should experience. Data integration and storage also enables power integration systems to predict connection behavior on a per-user basis.

1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a power integration system,

2 is a diagram of an embodiment of a connection between an electric vehicle, a power grid, and the internet;

3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a connection between an electrical resource and a flow control server of a power integration system;

4 is a diagram of an embodiment of a layout of a power integration system,

5 is a diagram of an embodiment of a control region of a power integration system,

6 is a diagram of a multiple flow control center of a power integration system,

7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a flow control server,

8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a remote intelligent power flow module,

9 is a diagram of a first embodiment technique for identifying a connection location of an electrical resource in a power grid;

10 is a diagram of a second embodiment technique for identifying a connection location of an electrical resource in a power grid;

11 is a diagram of a third embodiment technique for identifying the connection location of electrical resources in a power grid;

12 is a diagram of a fourth embodiment technique for identifying a connection location of an electrical resource in a power grid,

13 is a diagram of an embodiment of a safety measure in a vehicle-home implementation of a power integration system,

14 is a diagram of an embodiment of a safety measure when a plurality of electrical resources are powering home in a power integration system;

15 is a block diagram of an embodiment of smart disconnection of a power integration system,

16 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of power integration,

17 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of communicatingly controlling an electrical resource for power integration;

18 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of metering bidirectional power of an electrical resource,

19 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of determining an electrical network location of an electrical resource;

20 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of scheduling power integration,

21 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of smart isolation,

22 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of user interface extension for power integration;

23 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of obtaining and maintaining an electric vehicle owner in a power integration system.

Example system

1 illustrates an embodiment of a power integration system 100. Flow control center 102 includes one or more servers 106 that are communicatively connected to a network, such as a public / private mix, including the Internet 104, and that provide centralized power integration services. “Internet” 104 will be used herein as representative of several different kinds of communicable networks and network mixtures. Through a network such as the Internet 104, the flow control center 102 communicates with the grid operator 108, and with the remote resource 110, ie, the peripheral electrical resource 112 connected to the power grid 114. Maintain communication with the “termination” or “terminal” node / device of the power network. In one embodiment, a powerline communicator (PLC), such as including or consisting of an Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120, is performed at a connection location to provide Internet communication with remote resources. The "last mile" (in this case, the last feet-eg, in the residence 124) runs through the same wire that connects each electrical resource 112 to the power grid 114. Therefore, each physical location of each electrical resource 112 is associated with a corresponding Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120 (hereinafter referred to as “bridge”) at or near the same location as the electrical resource 112. . Each bridge 120 is generally connected to the place owner's Internet access point and will be described in more detail below. The communication medium from flow control center 102 to a connection location, such as residence 124, may take many forms, such as cable modem, DSL, satellite, optical communication, WiMax, and the like. In a variant, the electrical resources 112 are connected to the Internet by a different medium than the same powerline that connects them to the power grid 114. For example, a given electrical resource 112 may have its own wireless capability to connect directly to the Internet and thereby to the flow control center 102.

The illustrated power integration system 100 electrical resource 112 may include a battery of an electric vehicle connected to the power grid 114 at a residence 124, a parking lot 126, or the like; Batteries in a repository 128, fuel cell generators, private dams, conventional power plants, and other resources that produce electricity and / or store electricity physically or electrically.

In one embodiment, each participating electrical resource 112 or group of local resources has a corresponding remote intelligent power flow (IPF) module 134. The centralized flow control center 102 manages the power integration system 100 by communicating with remote IPF modules 134 distributed among the electrical resources 112. The remote IPF module 134 may include providing a status of a remote resource to the flow control center 102; Controlling the amount, direction, and time at which power is transferred to or from the remote electrical resource 112; Power metering to or from the remote electrical resource 112; Changing conditions in the power grid 114 and providing safe measurements during power transfer; Activity records; And autonomous control of safe measurement and power transfer when communication with the flow control center 102 is interrupted. The remote IPF module 134 will be described in more detail below.

2 illustrates another embodiment of an electrical and communications connection to an electrical resource 112. In this embodiment, the electric vehicle 200 includes a battery bank 202 and an example remote IPF module 134. The electric vehicle 200 connects to a wall socket (wall connector) 204 of a conventional residence 124, which wall socket 204 is a peripheral edge of the power grid 114 connected through the residence power line 206. Represents.

In one embodiment, the power cord 208 between the electric vehicle 200 and the wall attachment 204 may be comprised of conventional wires and insulators only for conducting AC power to and from the electric vehicle 200. In FIG. 2, the location-specific connection location module 210 performs the function of a network access point—in this case, an Internet access point. The bridge 120 intervenes between the socket 204 and the network connection point to allow the power cord 208 to carry network communication between the electric vehicle 200 and the socket 204. With such bridge 120 and connection location module 210 in place within the connection location, other special wiring or physical media other than the conventional power cord 208 that provides a residential line current at a conventional voltage may be used in the electric vehicle 200. It is not necessary to communicate with the remote IPF module 134. Upstream of the connection location module 210, communication with the electric vehicle 200, and power are broken down into a power line 206 and an internet cable 104.

Alternatively, power cord 208 may have safety features not found in conventional power and extension cords. For example, the electrical plug 212 of the power cord 208 may provide electrical and electrical protection that prevents the remote IPF module 134 from exposing or conducting the male conductor of the power cord 208 when the conductor is exposed to the user. And / or mechanical protective components.

3 illustrates another embodiment of the connection location module 210 of FIG. 2 in more detail. In FIG. 3, electrical resource 112 has a combined remote IPF module 134 that includes a bridge 120. The power cord 208 also connects the electrical resource 112 to the power grid 114 and also to the connection location module 120 to communicate with the flow control server 106.

The connection location module 210 may in this case be another example of a bridge 120 'connected to a network connection point 302 including components such as routers, switches, and / or modems making a wired or wireless connection with the Internet 104. It includes. In one embodiment, the power cord 208 between the two bridges 120, 120 ′ is replaced with a wireless Internet link such as a wireless transceiver in the remote IPF module 134 and a wireless router in the connection location module 210.

System Embodiment Layout

4 shows an embodiment layout 400 of a power integration system 100. The flow control center 102 may be connected to various different entities, for example, via the Internet 104 for information communication and reception. Embodiment layout 400 includes an electrical resource 112, such as a plug-in electric vehicle 200 that is physically connected to the grid within a single control area 402. The electrical resource 112 becomes an energy resource for use by the grid operator.

The embodiment layout 400 also includes an end user 406 classified into an electrical resource owner 408 and an electrical connection site owner 410, which may be one or different. Indeed, the stakeholders within the embodiment power integration system 100 are connected by the system operator, grid operator 404, resource owner 408, and electrical resource 112 of the flow control center 102 to the power grid 114. Includes the owner of the location being made.

Electrical connection site owner 410 may include:

렌터카 주차장- 렌터카 회사는 주차장 내에 주차된 많은 차들을 가진다. 그들은 전기 차량(200)들을 구입하고, 전력 통합 시스템(100)에 참여하여 노는 차들로부터 수입을 창출할 수 있다.

Car Rental-The car rental company has many cars parked in the parking lot. They can purchase electric vehicles 200 and generate revenue from cars that participate in the power integration system 100.

공중 주차장- 주차장 소유자는 주차된 전기 차량(200)으로부터 수입을 창출하기 위해 전력 통합 시스템(100)에 참여할 수있다. 차량 소유자는 전력 서비스 제공에 대한 교환으로 무료 주차가 제공되거나 추가 인센티브가 제공될 수 있다.

Public Parking Lot-The parking lot owner may participate in the power integration system 100 to generate revenue from the parked electric vehicle 200. Vehicle owners may be offered free parking or additional incentives in exchange for providing power service.

사업장 주차장- 고용주는 주차된 종업원의 전기 차량(200)으로부터 수입을 창출하기 위해 전력 통합 시스템(100)에 참여할 수 있다. 종업원는 전력 서비스 제공에 대한 교환으로 인센티브가 제공될 수 있다.

On-site parking lot-An employer may participate in the power integration system 100 to generate income from the parked employee's electric vehicle 200. Employees may be provided with incentives in exchange for power service provision.

거주지- 가정의 차고는 주택 소유자가 전력 통합 시스템(100)에 참여하여, 주차된 차량으로부터 수익을 창출할 수 있도록 단지 연결 장소 모듈(210)이 설치될 수 있다. 또한, 차량 배터리(202)와 결합된 차량 내의 전력 전자 기기는 피크 부하 또는 전력 정전 시간 동안 로컬 전력에 백업 전력을 제공할 수 있다.

The residential-home garage may only have a connection site module 210 installed so that homeowners can participate in the power integration system 100 to generate revenue from parked vehicles. In addition, power electronics in a vehicle coupled with the vehicle battery 202 may provide backup power to local power during peak load or power outage times.

거주지 이웃- 이웃은 전력 통합 시스템(100)에 참여할 수 있고 주차된 전기 차량(200)으로부터 수입을 창출하는(예를 들어, 주택 소유자 협동조합 그룹에 의해 배치된) 전력-배급 장치가 설치될 수 있다.

The residential neighborhood-neighbors can participate in the power integration system 100 and can be equipped with a power-distribution device that generates income from the parked electric vehicle 200 (eg, deployed by a homeowner cooperative group). have.

도 4의 그리드 동작(116)은 전력 그리드(114)의 자동화된 물리적 제어를 수행하는 자동 그리드 컨트롤러(118)와의 상호작용, 그리드 운영자(404)의 상호작 용, 및 에너지 시장(412)과의 상호작용을 집합적으로 포함한다.

Grid operation 116 of FIG. 4 interacts with the automatic grid controller 118, the grid operator 404 interaction with the energy market 412, and performs automated physical control of the power grid 114. Include interactions collectively.

The flow control center 102 may also be connected to an information source 414 for input of weather forecasts, events, price provisions, etc., collectively referred to as acquisition information. Other data sources 414 include public DB, and system historical data, which are system stakeholders that optimize system performance and meet the limitations on embodiment power integration system 100.

Therefore, the embodiment power integration system 100,

데이터를 수집하기 위해 전기 리소스(112)와 통신하고 전기 리소스의 충전/방전을 수행하는;

Communicating with the electrical resource 112 to collect data and performing charging / discharging of the electrical resource;

실시간 에너지 가격을 통합하는;

Integrating real-time energy prices;

실시간 리소스 통계를 통합하는;

Incorporating real-time resource statistics;

전기 리소스(112)의 행동(연결, 위치, 연결/분리 시의 상태(배터리의 충전 상태와 같은))을 예측하는;

Predict the behavior of the electrical resource 112 (connection, location, state at connection / disconnection (such as the state of charge of the battery));

전력 그리드(114)/부하의 행동을 예측하는;

Predicting behavior of the power grid 114 / load;

프라이버시와 데이터 안전을 위하여 통신을 암호화하는;

Encrypting communications for privacy and data security;

일부 성능 지수를 최적화하기 위해 전기 차량(200)의 충전을 수행하는;

Performing charging of the electric vehicle 200 to optimize some performance indexes;

장래 여러 포인트에 대한 부하 가용성에 대한 보증 또는 가이드라인을 제공하는 등의; 컴포넌트로 구성된다:

Providing guarantees or guidelines for load availability for multiple points in the future; It consists of components:

These components can operate on a single computing resource (such as a computer) or on a distributed set of resources (physically co-located or not).

The embodiment IPF system 100 in such a layout 400 may, for example, provide low cost supplemental services (ie, power services), precise control (in time and space) for resource scheduling, guaranteed reliability and service levels, Intelligent resource scheduling can provide many benefits, such as increased service levels and stabilization of intermittent sources such as wind and solar power.

Embodiments The power integration system 100 allows the grid operator 404 to control the integrated electrical resource 112 connected to the power grid 114. Electrical resource 112 may act as a power source, load, or storage, and resource 112 may show a combination of these characteristics. Control of electrical resources 112 is the ability to allow power consumption, generation, or energy storage from the integration of these electrical resources 112.

5 shows the role of the plurality of control regions 402 in the embodiment power integration system 100. Each electrical resource 112 may be connected to a power integration system 100 within a particular electrical control area. One example of a flow control center 102 may manage electrical resources 112 from a plurality of separate control regions 501 (eg, control regions 502, 504, 506). In one embodiment, this functionality is achieved by logically partitioning resources within the power integration system 100. For example, the control area 402 may be any number of control areas, control area “A” 502, control area “B” 504,. , Control area “n” 506, grid operation 116 then corresponds to corresponding control area operators 508, 510,. , 512 may be included. Further division into control layers including control division groups above and below the illustrated control region 402 may cause the power integration system 100 to vary the number of electrical resources 112 associated with the power grid 114, or And / or measure different amounts of power grid 114.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment layout of an embodiment power integration system utilizing a plurality of centralized flow control centers 102, 102 ′. Each flow control center 102, 102 'has its own end user 406,406'. The control area 402 managed by each particular step of the flow control center 102 may be dynamically allocated. For example, the first flow control center 102 manages the control region A 502 and the control region B 504, and the second flow control center 102 ′ manages the control region n 506. Similarly, corresponding control area operators 508, 510, 512 are serviced by the same flow control center 102 acting on each different control area.

Embodiment Flow Control Server

7 shows an embodiment server 106 of the flow control center 102. The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is only one exemplary configuration for explanation. Embodiments of the flow control center 102 Many other configurations of the illustrated components or even other components that make up the server 106 are possible within the scope of the inventive concept. Such embodiment server 106 and flow control center 102 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

Embodiments The flow control server 106 may include a connection manager 702 that communicates with the electrical resource 112, a prediction engine 704 including a learning engine 706 and a statistics engine 708, a limit optimizer 710, And a grid interaction manager 712 that receives the grid control signal 714. The grid control signal 714 includes a power generation control signal, such as an automated generation control (AGC) signal. The flow control server 106 includes a web server 718, DB / information store 716, which provides a user interface to the electrical resource owner 408, the grid operator 404, and the electrical connection place owner 410; Contract manager 720 negotiates contract terms with energy market 412, and tracks weather, related news events, etc., predicts the behavior of large groups of electrical resources 112, monitors energy prices, and negotiates contracts. And an information acquisition engine 414 for downloading information from the public / private DB 722 for example.

Embodiment of the Flow Control Server

The connection manager 702 maintains a communication channel with each electrical resource 112 connected to the power integration system 100. That is, connection manager 702 causes each electrical resource 112 to log on and communicate using the Internet Protocol (IP), for example if the network is the Internet 104. In other words, the electrical resource 112 calls home. That is, in one embodiment, they always initiate a connection with the server 106. This fact allows the embodiment IPF module 134 to overcome problems such as firewall, IP addressing, reliability, and the like.

For example, when an electrical resource 112 such as an electric vehicle 200 plugs in at home, the IPF module 134 may connect to a router in the home through a power line connection. The router will assign an address to the vehicle 200 (DHCP), and the vehicle 200 can be connected to the server 106 (there are no holes required for the firewall in this direction).

If the connection is terminated for any reason (including temporary downtime of the server), the IPF module 134 will call home again and recognize that it will connect to the next possible server resource.

The grid interaction manager 712 receives and interprets signals from the interface of the automatic grid controller 118 of the grid operator 404. In one embodiment, grid interaction manager 712 also generates a signal to send to automatic grid controller 118. The range of signals to be transmitted depends on the contract or agreement between the grid operator 404 and the embodiment power integration system 100. In one scenario, grid interaction manager 712 sends information about the availability of integrated electrical resources to receive power from or to power the grid. In another variation, the contract is such that the grid interaction manager 712 controls the grid 114 according to the limitations embedded in the automatic grid controller 118 and according to the extent of control allowed by the contract. Send a control signal.

DB 716 stores all of the power integration system 100 related data including, for example, electrical resource logs, electrical connection information, per-vehicle energy metering data, resource owner preferences, account information, etc. for the electric vehicle 200. Can be.

Web server 718 provides a user interface to system stakeholders as described above. Such a user interface acts as a mechanism for the information to convey to the first user, but in some cases, the user interface obtains data such as preferences from the user. In one embodiment, web server 718 may also initiate a connection with participating electrical resource owner 408 to advertise a proposal to exchange power.

The bid / contract manager 720 interacts with the grid operator 404 and its associated energy market 412 to determine system availability, price, service level, and the like.

Information acquisition engine 414 communicates with public and private DBs 722 as described above to collect data related to the operation of power integration system 100.

Prediction engine 704 uses data storage 716 to predict the behavior of electrical resources, such as when electrical resources 112 will connect and disconnect, global electrical resource availability, electrical system load, real-time energy prices, and the like. Use data. The prediction allows the power integration system 100 to more fully utilize the electrical resources 112 connected to the power grid 114. The learning engine 706 tracks, records, and processes the behavior of the actual electrical resource, for example by learning the behavior of the cross-sections or samples of the plurality of electrical resources 112. The statistics engine 708 applies various prediction techniques to resource behavior to recognize and predict trends.

In one embodiment, prediction engine 704 performs prediction through collaborative filtering. Prediction engine 704 may also perform user-specific prediction of one or more parameters, including, for example, connection-time, connection duration, charging state upon connection, and connection location. In order to perform the user-specific prediction, the prediction engine 704 obtains information such as historical data, connection time (year, month, day, holiday, etc.), charging status at connection, connection location, and the like. In one embodiment, time series prediction may be computed via a recurrent neural network, a dynamic Byesian network, or other derived graphical model.

In one scenario, for one user separated from the grid 114, the prediction engine 704 may predict (and assign probability / probability) the next connection time, the state of charge on connection, and the connection location. . Once the resource 112 is connected, the connection time, the on-charge state of connection, and the connection location are additional inputs to improve the prediction of the connection duration. This prediction helps guide the prediction of overall system availability along with determining a more accurate cost function for resource allocation.

Building a parameterized predictive model for each particular user is not always adjustable in time and space. Therefore, in one embodiment, rather than using one model for each user in system 100, prediction engine 704 builds a reduced set of models, where each model in the reduced set is It is used to predict the behavior of many users. To determine how to group similar users for model generation and assignment, the system 100 may characterize each user such as the number of specific connections / disconnections per day, typical connection time, average connection duration, average charge state at connection, and so on. In addition, dimension reduction algorithms, such as Principal Components Analysis and Random Projection, can be used to create clusters of users in the entire computed feature space or in some reduced feature spaces. Once prediction engine 704 assigns users to the cluster, aggregate data from all users in the cluster is used to generate a prediction model that will be used for prediction of each user in the cluster. In one embodiment, the cluster assignment procedure is varied to optimize the system 100 in speed (less clusters), accuracy (more clusters), or a combination of both.

This embodiment clustering technique has several benefits. First, it enables a reduced set of models, reducing model parameters and reducing computing time for making predictions. This also reduces the storage of model parameters. Second, by identifying the characteristics (or characteristics) of the new user for the system 100, the new user can be assigned to an existing user cluster with similar characteristics, and the cluster model is a cluster model created from the extensive data of the existing user. Affects the performance history of similar users, making faster predictions for new users. Of course, over time, individual users are reassigned to new clusters whose behavior changes and better fits their behavior.

The limit optimizer 710 combines the information of the prediction engine 704, the data store 716, and the contract manager 720 to generate a resource control signal to satisfy the system limit. For example, the limit optimizer 710 may charge the battery bank 202 at any charge rate and later discharge the battery bank 202 for power upload to the power grid 114 at any upload rate. 200 may signal: the power transfer rate and the time schedule of the power transfer are optimized for the tracked individual connection and disconnection behavior of a particular electric vehicle 200, and the daily power supply and demand of the power grid 114 Optimized for the "breathing cycle".

In one embodiment, the limit optimizer 710 plays a crucial role in converting the grid control signal 714 or information source 414 into a vehicle control signal, which is mediated by the connection manager 702. Mapping grid control signals 714 from grid operator 404 or information source 414 to control signals sent to each particular electrical resource 112 in system 100 is an example of a particular constraint optimization problem. .

Each resource 112 has a hard or soft associated limit. Examples of resource limitations include: owner's price sensitivity, vehicle charging state (e.g., no burden on grid 114 if vehicle 200 is at full charge). The amount of time predicted until separation from 100), the owner's sensitivity to state of charge versus income, the electrical limits of the resource 114, manual fee additions by the resource owner 408, and the like. Restrictions on specific resources 112 may be used to assign costs to the activation of each particular action of the resource. For example, the low energy resources stored in storage system 202 have a low cost with respect to charging operations but high costs for power generation operations. The fully charged resource 112, which is expected to be available for 10 hours, will have a lower cost for power generation operations than the fully charged resource 112, which is expected to be separated in the next 15 minutes, which is the owner of the non-full resource. Indicates a negative result of delivering to a customer.

The following converts one generation signal 714 into a vehicle control signal that includes a system operating level (e.g., here -10 megawatts to +10 megawatts, where + represents loading and-represents power generation). One scenario example. It is to be noted that the actual system operating level is always known because the system 100 can measure the actual power flow within each resource 112.

In this embodiment, assuming the initial system operating level is 0 megawatts, no resources are activated (takes power from the grid) and the negotiated integrated service contract level for the next time is ± 5 megawatts.

In this embodiment, the embodiment power integration system 100 maintains three lists of available resources 112. The first list contains resources 112 that can be charged (loaded) activated in priority order. There is a second list of resources 112 that are first discharged (generated) in order. Each resource 112 in these lists (eg all resources 112 can be located in both lists) has an associated cost. The priority order of the list is directly related to the cost (ie, the list is sorted from lowest to highest cost). Assigning a cost value to each resource 112 is important because it allows you to compare two actions that yield similar results for system operation. For example, adding one unit of charging unit (load, taking power from the grid) to the system is equivalent to removing one unit of power generation. In order to perform any operation that increases or decreases the system output, there may be a plurality of operation choices, and in one embodiment, the system 100 selects the lowest cost operation. The third list of resources 112 includes resources with strict limits. For example, a resource that overrides the system so that its owner forces charging will be placed on a third list of static resources.

At time "1", the grid-operator-request operating level is changed to +2 megawatts. The system initiates charging of the first 'n' resources in the list, where 'n' is the number of resources for which the additional load is expected to be 2 megawatts. After the resource is activated, the result of the activation is monitored to determine the actual result of the action. If more than 2 megawatts of load is active, the system will disable charging in reverse priority order to maintain system operation within the tolerance specified by the contract.

From time "1" to time "2", the requested operating level does not change at 2 megawatts. However, the behavior of some electrical resources is not fixed. For example, some vehicles 200 that are part of a two megawatt system operation are fully charged (charged state = 100%) or disconnected from the system 100. The other vehicle 200 is connected to the system 100 and immediately requests charging. All of these actions result in a change in the operating level of the power integration system 100. Therefore, system 100 continuously monitors the system operating level and activates or deactivates resource 112 to maintain the operating level within the tolerance specified by the contract.

At time "2", the grid-operator-request operating level decreases to -1 megawatts. The system considers the list of available resources and selects the lowest cost set of resources that achieves a system operating level of -1 megawatts. In particular, the system first moves through the list in turn to compare the charge disablement cost to the power generation execution cost, and activate the lowest cost resource at each time step. Once the operating level reaches -1 megawatts, the system 100 continues to monitor the actual operating level, requiring activation of additional resources 112 to maintain the operating level within the tolerance specified by the contract. Find the deviation.

In one embodiment, the embodiment cost mechanism generally has an impact on the environment and fossil fuel resources, i.e., the marginal impact of charging or power generation (vehicle 200 to grid 114) on the "carbon footprint". To determine this, information about the real-time grid power generation mixture is given. Embodiment system 100 also allows for optimization of any cost measurement or some weighted combination. System 100 may optimize performance indexes, including, for example, combinations that maximize economic value, minimize environmental impact, and the like.

In one embodiment, system 100 also uses cost as a time variable. For example, if the system 100 schedules charging a discharged pack during an upcoming time window, the system 100 can predict its predicted cost profile while charging, allowing the system to be adaptively further optimized. That is, in some circumstances, it is understood that system 100 will have high-capacity generation resources until a certain future time.

The plurality of components of the flow control server 106 constitute a scheduling system having a plurality of functions and components:

데이터 통합(실시간 데이터를 모으고 이력 데이터를 저장함);

Data integration (collecting real-time data and storing historical data);

실시간 데이터, 이력 데이터 등을 입력하고 리소스 가용성 예측을 출력하는 예측 엔진(704)을 통한 예측; 및

Prediction through a prediction engine 704 that inputs real-time data, historical data, and the like and outputs resource availability predictions; And

리소스 가용성 예측, 그리드 운영자(404)로부터의 명령 신호와 같은 제한, 사용자 선호, 날씨 조건 등에 의거한 최적화.

Optimization based on resource availability predictions, restrictions such as command signals from grid operator 404, user preferences, weather conditions, and the like.

Optimization can take the form of a resource control plan that optimizes the desired metering.

The scheduling function may enable a number of useful energy services, such as:

빠른 반응 서비스와 빠른 조절과 같은 보조 서비스;

Auxiliary services such as quick response service and quick conditioning;

갑작스러운, 예측 가능한, 또는 예기치않은 그리드 불균형에 대하여 보상하는 에너지;

Energy compensating for sudden, predictable, or unexpected grid imbalances;

루틴하고 불안정한 요구에 대응;

Responding to routine and unstable needs;

재생 에너지 소스의 안정화(예를 들어, 풍력 발전 보완).

Stabilization of renewable energy sources (eg wind power supplementation).

Embodiments The power integration system 100 integrates and controls the loads presented by many charging / uploading electric vehicles 200 to provide power services (auxiliary energy services) such as regulating and pure reserves. Therefore, it is possible to meet the call time requirement of grid operator 404 by summing up a plurality of electrical resources 112. For example, twelve operating loads of 5 kW may be disabled to provide 60 kW of pure reserve for each hour. However, at most loads can be disabled for 30 minutes and with a minimum call time of 2 hours, the load can be disabled continuously (three at a time) to provide a reserve of 15 kW for 2 hours. Of course, more complex interleaving of individual electrical resources by the power integration system 100 is possible.

In order for the utility (or power distribution company) to maximize distribution efficiency, the utility needs to minimize reaction power flow. In general, there are a number of methods that are used to minimize reaction power flow by including switching inductors or capacitor banks in a power distribution system to change power factors within different parts of the system. In order to effectively manage and control this dynamic Volt-Amperes Reactive (VAR) support, this must be done in a location-aware manner. In one embodiment, the power integration system 100 includes power-factor correction circuitry disposed in the electric vehicle 200 with the remote IPF module 134 embodiment, thereby enabling such services. In particular, the electric vehicle 200 may have a capacitor (or inductor) that can be dynamically connected to the grid regardless of whether the electric vehicle 200 is charging, power delivery, or doing nothing. This service can then be sold to utilities for distribution level dynamic VAR support. The power integration system 100 may use a distributed remote IPF module 134 that senses the need for VAR support in a distributed manner and also takes the action of providing VAR support without grid operator 404 intervention.

Example Remote IPF Module

8 illustrates the remote IPF module 134 of FIGS. 1 and 2 in more detail. The illustrated IPF module 134 is only one exemplary configuration for illustration. Embodiments Many other configurations of the illustrated components or even other components that make up the remote IPF module 134 are possible within the scope of the inventive concept. This embodiment remote IPF module 134 has several hardware components, and some components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

The remote IPF module embodiment shown is represented as an embodiment suitable for the electric vehicle 200. Therefore, some vehicle systems 800 are included as part of the embodiment remote IPF module 134 for illustrative purposes. However, in other embodiments, the remote IPF module 134 may exclude that some or all of the vehicle system 800 is considered a component of the remote IPF module 134.

The illustrated vehicle system 800 includes a vehicle computer, a data interface 802, an energy storage system such as a battery bank 202, and an inverter / charger 804. Except for the vehicle system 800, the remote IPF module 134 also includes a communicable power flow controller 806. The communicable power flow controller 806 includes some components that interface with the AC power of the grid 114, such as, for example, a powerline communication device that is an Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120, and current or current / A voltage (power) sensor 808 is in turn included.

The communicable power flow controller 806 may also include an information processing component such as Ethernet, a processor 810 or a microcontroller, and an associated Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) address 812; Interfaces such as volatile RAM 814, nonvolatile memory 816 or data storage, RS-232 interface 818 or CANbus interface 820; Ethernet physical layer interface 822 to enable wiring and signaling in accordance with the Ethernet standard for the physical layer via network connection means and common addressing format in the MAC / DATA Link Layer. Ethernet physical layer interface 822 provides electrical, mechanical, and procedural interfaces to the transmission medium—that is, in one embodiment using Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120. In a variation, a wireless or other communication channel with the Internet 104 is used instead of the Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120.

The communicable power flow controller 806 also includes a bi-directional wattmeter 824 that tracks power transfer to and from each electrical resource 112, here a battery bank 202 of the electric vehicle 200.

The communicable power flow controller 806 operates within or connected to the electric vehicle 200 or other electrical resources 112 to enable collection of the electrical resources 112 introduced above (eg, wireless or These components listed above (via a wired communication interface) may vary among different embodiments of the communicable power flow controller 806 but embodiments generally include:

다른 차량 컴포넌트와 통신가능하게 하는 차량내 통신 메커니즘;

An in-vehicle communication mechanism that enables communication with other vehicle components;

흐름 제어 센터(102)와 통신하는 메커니즘;

A mechanism for communicating with the flow control center 102;

프로세싱 구성요소;

Processing component;

데이터 저장 구성요소;

Data storage components;

전력 계량기, 및

A power meter, and

옵션으로 사용자 인터페이스.

User interface as an option.

Embodiments of the communicable power flow controller 806 enable functionality that includes the following:

전기 리소스(112)가 오프라인(인터넷(104)에 연결되지 않거나 서비스가 불가능)일 때 미리 프로그램되거나 학습된 행동을 실행;

Perform preprogrammed or learned behavior when the electrical resource 112 is offline (not connected to the Internet 104 or out of service);

"로밍(roaming)" 연결을 위하여 지역적으로-저장된 행동 프로파일 저장 (다른 시스템에서 충전할 때 또는 분리된 동작에서, 즉 네트워크 연결이 없을 때 무엇을 할지);

Locally-stored behavioral profile storage for “roaming” connections (what to do when charging from another system or in a separate operation, ie without a network connection);

사용자가 현재 시스템 행동을 오버라이드하는 것을 허용; 및

Allow user to override current system behavior; And

나중 거래를 위해 오프라인 동작 동안 계량기 데이터 저장 및 전력-흐름 정보 계량.

Meter data storage and power-flow information metering during offline operation for later trading.

Therefore, the communicable power flow controller 806 includes a central processor 810, an interface 818, 820 for communication within the electric vehicle 200, and an Ethernet-over-power line bridge for communication with the outside of the electric vehicle 200 ( A power line communication device, such as 120, and a power meter 824 for energy flow measurement to and from the electric vehicle 200 via a connected AC power line 208.

Embodiment of Remote IPF Module Operation

Continuing with the description of the electric vehicle 200 representing the electric resource 112, the remote IPF module 134 is a flow control server for a period of time while the electric vehicle 200 is parked and connected to the grid 114. A connection is initiated to 106, self-registering, and waits for a signal from the flow control server 106 to instruct the remote IPF module 134 to regulate the flow of power to the electric vehicle 200. This signal is communicated to the vehicle computer 802 via a data interface, which may be any suitable interface including an RS-232 interface 818 or a CANbus interface 820. The vehicle computer 802, in response to the signal received from the flow control server 106, charges the battery bank 202 of the vehicle or uploads and discharges the battery bank 202 to the grid 114. To control.

Periodically, the remote IPF module 134 sends information about the energy flow to the flow control server 106. If, when the electric vehicle 200 is connected to the grid 114, and there is no communication path to the flow control server 106 (that is, the location is not properly equipped or a network failure occurs), the electric vehicle 200 May follow a pre-programmed or learned behavior of an offline operation, for example, stored as a set of instructions in non-volatile memory 816. In this case, the energy transaction may also be cached in nonvolatile memory 816 for later transfer to flow control server 106.

During the period in which the electric vehicle 200 operates such as transportation, the remote IPF module 134 receives passively and logs selected vehicle operation data for later analysis and use. Remote IPF module 134 may send the data to flow control server 106 when a communication channel becomes available.

Example Electricity Meter

Power is the energy consumption rate per time interval. Power represents the amount of energy transmitted over a period of time, so the unit of power is the amount of energy per unit time. Exemplary electricity meter 824 measures bi-directional flow power for a given electrical resource 112-for example, power from grid 114 to electric vehicle 200 or from electric vehicle 200 to grid 114. do. In one embodiment, the remote IPF module 134 retrieves the value from the electricity meter 824 to ensure accurate transactions with the central flow control server 106 even if the connection to the server is temporarily suspended or the server itself is unavailable. Can be cached locally.

Example meter 824 allows features including the following for the entire system in example power integration system 100 in conjunction with other components of remote IPF module 134:

전기 리소스 별로 에너지 사용을 추적;

Tracking energy usage by electricity resources;

전력 품질 모니터링(전압, 주파수 등이 그것의 공칭 동작 포인트로부터의 편차가 있는지 체크, 만약 그렇다면, 그리드 운영자에 통보하고, 문제를 바로잡도록 리소스 전력 흐름을 잠재적으로 수정함);

Power quality monitoring (checks if voltage, frequency, etc., are deviating from its nominal operating point, and if so, notifies the grid operator and potentially modifies the resource power flow to correct the problem);

에너지 사용에 대한 차량별 빌링(billing) 및 거래;

Vehicle-specific billing and trading of energy use;

모바일 빌링(전기 리소스 소유자(408)가 전기 연결 장소 소유자(410)가 아닐 때(즉, 계량기 계정 소유자가 아님) 정확한 빌링을 지원함). 전력량계(824)로부터의 데이터는 빌링을 위해 전기 차량(200)에서 포착될 수 있다;

Mobile billing (supports accurate billing when the electrical resource owner 408 is not the electrical connection place owner 410 (ie not the meter account owner)). Data from the electricity meter 824 can be captured in the electric vehicle 200 for billing;

충전 위치에서 스마트 계량기와 통합(양방향 정보 교환); 및

Integration with smart meters at the charging location (bidirectional information exchange); And

조작 방지(예를 들면, 전력량계(824)가 전기 차량(200)과 같은 전기 리소스(112)내에서 보호될 때)

Tamper proof (eg, when the electricity meter 824 is protected within an electrical resource 112, such as an electric vehicle 200)

Mobile resource detector

Exemplary power integration system 100 also includes various techniques for determining the electrical network location of mobile electrical resources 112, such as plug-in electric vehicles 200. The electric vehicle 200 may be connected to the grid 114 of a plurality of locations and accurate control and trading of energy exchange may be enabled by specific knowledge of the charging location.

Some example techniques for determining an electric vehicle charging location include:

위치에 대한 고유 식별자를 질의(유,무선 등을 통해), 이것은 다음과 같은 것일 수 있다:

Query (via wired, wireless, etc.) a unique identifier for a location, which can be:

-Unique ID of the network hardware at the charging place;

A unique ID of a locally installed smart meter, by communicating with the meter;

A unique ID, clearly installed for this purpose in any place; And

"소프트" (추정된 지리상) 위치를 설정하기 위해 GPS 또는 다른 신호 소스(셀, WiMAX 등)를 사용, 이것은 이후에 사용자 선호와 이력 데이터에 기초하여 정제됨(예를 들면, 차량은 이웃의 거주지가 아닌 소유자의 거주지(124)에서 플러그인되기 쉽다).

Use GPS or other signal sources (cells, WiMAX, etc.) to establish "soft" (estimated geographic) locations, which are then refined based on user preferences and historical data (e.g., vehicles are located in neighborhoods) Easy to plug in at the owner's residence (124).

9 illustrates an embodiment technique for determining a physical location on a grid 114 of electrical resources 112 connected to an exemplary power integration system 100. In one embodiment, the remote IPF module 134 obtains a Media Access Control (MAC) address 902 of a locally installed network modem or router (Internet access point) 302. The remote IPF module 134 then sends this unique MAC identifier to the flow control server 106, which uses the identifier to determine the location of the electric vehicle 200.

To identify its physical location, the remote IPF module 134 is also capable of communicating with the remote IPF module 134 "smart" utility meter 904, cable TV box 906, RFID-based unit 908 Or other unique identifiers or MAC addresses of devices physically installed in the vicinity that can communicate with the remote IPF module 314 including the example ID unit 910. ID unit 910 is shown in more detail in FIG. 10. Although the MAC address 902 does not always convey information about the physical location of the hardware component with which it is associated, in one embodiment the flow control server 106 associates a tracking database 912 that associates the MAC address or other identifier with the associated physical location of the hardware. ). In this way, remote IPF module 134 and flow control server 106 may find mobile electrical resource 112 wherever mobile electrical resource 112 is connected to power grid 114.

10 illustrates another embodiment technique for determining the physical location of the mobile electrical resource 112 on the power grid 114. Exemplary ID unit 910 may be plugged into grid 114 at or near the charging location. The operation of the ID unit 910 is as follows. The newly connected electrical resource 112 searches for locally connected resources by broadcasting a ping or message in the wireless reception area. In one embodiment, the ID unit 910 responds 1002 to the ping and passes the unique identifier 1004 of the ID unit 910 back to the electrical resource 112. The remote IPF module 134 of the electrical resource 112 then sends a unique identifier 1004 to the flow control server 106, which is located by the proxy and the location of the ID unit 910 by the proxy. The exact or approximate network location of the electrical resource 112 is determined based on the size of the area of charge.

In another embodiment, the newly connected electrical resource 112 searches for locally linked resources by broadcasting a ping or message that includes the unique identifier 1006 of the electrical resource 112. In this embodiment, the ID unit 910 does not need to trust or reuse the wireless connection and does not respond back to the remote IPF module 134 of the mobile electrical resource 112, but the electrical resource 112 received in the ping message. Reply 1008 directly to the control flow server 106 with a message including the unique identifier 1006 of its parent and its own unique identifier 1004. The central flow control server 106 then associates the unique identifier 1006 of the mobile electrical resource 112 with the " connected " state and determines the physical location of the electrical resource 112 in order to determine or estimate the physical location of the electrical unit 112. Another unique identifier 1004 is used. If a particular ID unit 910 is associated with only one exact network location, the physical location does not have to be estimated. The remote IPF module 134 knows that the ping is successful when it receives a confirmation from the flow control center 106.

This exemplary ID unit 910 is particularly useful in situations where the communication path between the electrical resource 112 and the flow control server 106 is over a wireless connection that cannot make an accurate determination of the network location by itself.

11 illustrates another embodiment method 1100 and system 1102 for determining the location of mobile electrical resources 112 on a power grid 114. In scenarios where electrical resource 112 and flow control server 106 communicate via a wireless signaling scheme, it is still desirable to determine the physical connection location during the period associated with grid 114.

Wireless networks (eg, GSM, 802.11, WiMax) include a plurality of cells or towers that each transmit a unique identifier. In addition, the strength of the connection between the tower and the mobile client connecting to the tower is a function of the client's proximity to the tower. When the electric vehicle 200 is connected to the grid 114, the remote IPF module 134 may obtain a unique identifier of the available towers, and tower the signal strength of each connection, as shown in the database 1104. IDs can be linked. The remote IPF module 134 of the electrical resource 112 sends this information to the flow control server 106, where this information is combined with survey data such as the database 1106 to connect the location inference engine 1108 with the electrical. The physical location of the vehicle 200 may be triangulated or otherwise deduced. In another implementation, the IPF module 134 may use the signal strength value to directly determine the resource location, in which case the IPF module 134 sends the location information instead of the signal strength information.

Therefore, an embodiment method 1100 includes acquiring 1110 signal strength information; Transferring 1112 the acquired signal strength information to the flow control server 106; And inferring 1114 the physical location using the stored tower location information and the signal obtained from the electrical resource 112.

12 illustrates a method 1200 and system 1202 of using signals from the GPS system to determine the physical location of the mobile electrical resource 112 on the power grid 114. Using GPS enables the remote IPF module 134 to determine its physical location on the power network in an inaccurate manner. This noisy location information from the GPS is sent to the flow control server 106, which uses it in conjunction with the survey information database 1204 to infer the location of the electrical resource 112.

Embodiments Method 1200 includes obtaining 1206 noisy location data; Transferring (1208) the acquired noisy position data to a flow control server (106); And inferring a location 1210 using the stored survey information and the acquired data.

Example Trading Methods and Other Functions

Exemplary power integration system 100 supports the following functions and interactions:

1. Setup-The power integration system 100 concludes a contract outside the system and / or bids in the open market to establish a contract for a power service contract through the web server 718 and the contract manager 720. do. The system 100 later transforms this request into a specific power request upon dispatch from the grid operator 404 and forwards this request to the vehicle owner 408 by one of a number of communication technologies.

2. Delivery-Grid interaction manager 712 receives real-time grid control signals 714 from grid operator 404 via a power transport device, and provides power service from connected electric vehicle 200 to grid 114. Respond to this signal 714 by transporting.

3. Reporting-After the power transportation event is completed, the transaction manager may report the power service transaction stored in the database 716. The billing manager transforms this request into a specific credit or debit billing transaction. These transactions can be passed to the billing system of the grid operator or utility for account reconciliation. The transaction may also be used to pay the resource owner 408 directly.

In one embodiment, the vehicle-resident remote IPF module 134 includes a communication manager that is requested to provide power service, displays it to the user, and allows the user to respond to the request. Sometimes this kind of advertisement or contract interaction may be executed by the electrical resource owner 408 who traditionally connects to the web server 718 of the flow control server 106.

In an embodiment model for managing vehicle based loads or storage, the exemplary power integration system 100 may include a vehicle owner 408 (personal, flessts, etc.) and a grid operator 404 (ISOs, Regional Transmission Operators (RTOs)). ), As a vehicle between utilities.

The load and store electrical resources 112 provided by a single plug-in electric vehicle 200 are not substantially sufficient resources to take into account direct control by the ISO or utility. However, by collecting a plurality of electric vehicles 200 together, managing their load behavior, and exporting a simple control interface, the power integration system 100 is valuable to the grid operator 404. Provide service.

Similarly, vehicle owner 408 may not be interested in participating if it is not easy to participate and there is no incentive to participate. By generating values through integrated management, the power integration system 100 can provide incentives to owners in the form of billing, reduced charging costs, and the like. The power integration system 100 may also participate in the vehicle owner 408 by controlling the vehicle charging and power upload to the grid 114 automatically and with little or no blockage.

By placing the remote IPF module 134 in an electric vehicle 200 capable of measuring attributes of power quality, the power integration system 100 enables a large scale distributed sensor network for the power distribution grid 114. . Power quality attributes that may be measured by the power integration system 100 include frequency, voltage, power factor, harmonics, and the like. Thereafter, leveraging the communication infrastructure of the power integration system 100, including the remote IPF module 134, this detected data can be reported in real time to the flow control server 106 where the information is integrated. have. In addition, information may be provided to utility companies, or the power integration system 100 may control vehicle charging / power uploading behavior of the plurality of electric vehicles 200 to directly correct an undesirable grid state to change load factor, etc. Can be.

Exemplary power integration system 100 may also include interconnect isolation circuitry to provide an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or backup power to a home / office. In one embodiment, the power integration system 100 allows electrical resources 112 to power from their batteries to the home (or office) to power some or all of the home's loads. The particular load can be set as a key load that remains "on" during the grid power-loss state. In such a scenario, it is important to manage the isolation of the residence 124 from the grid 114. Such a system may include a semi-isolated circuit that is capable of communicating with the electric vehicle 200 and is described in more detail below as a smart breaker box. The communication capability of the remote IPF module 134 allows the electric vehicle 200 to know if the power supply is safe, and "safety" means "safety for the utility line operator as a result of the main breaker in the home being disconnected." Is defined. If the grid power drops, the smart breaker box disconnects from the grid and then contacts any electric vehicle 200 or other locally engaged electrical resources 112 and requests them to start powering up. When grid power is restored, the smart breaker box shuts down local power and then reconnects.

For mobile billing (when vehicle owner 408 is different from meter account holder 410), there are two important aspects facing billing managers during electric vehicle recharging: who owns the vehicle, Who owns the meter account for the facility where recharging takes place. When the vehicle owner 408 is different from the meter account owner 410, there are several options:

1. Meter owner 410 may provide free charge.

2. The vehicle owner 408 can pay on charge (via credit card, account, etc.).

3. The preset account is automatically settled.

Without oversight of the power integration system 100, theft of service may occur. In automatic account payment, the power integration system 100 provides an exemplary metering of time annotated energy flows via vehicle ID and location ID and into and out of the vehicle when the electric vehicle 200 charges at the location where payment is needed. Record through. In this case, the vehicle owner 408 is charged for the energy used, and the energy is not charged to the meter account holder 410 of the facility (and thus double billing is prevented). Billing managers that perform automatic account payment can be integrated into the power utility or can be implemented as a separate debit / credit system.

Whether for free or for a fee, an electrical charging station can be equipped with a user interface that presents useful information to the user. In particular, by integrating information about grid 114, vehicle status, and user preferences, charging stations may estimate current electricity prices, estimated recharge prices, estimated time to recharge, estimated power to upload power to grid 114. Information such as amount (all or per hour) may be provided. The information acquisition engine 414 communicates with the electric vehicle 200 and the public and / or private data network 722 to obtain data used to calculate this information.

The example power integration system 100 also provides other functions for the benefit of the electrical resource owner 408 (such as the vehicle owner):

차량 소유자는 시스템의 참여에 대한 답례로 차량 충전시 무료 전기를 획득할 수 있다.

The vehicle owner can obtain free electricity when charging the vehicle in return for participation in the system.

차량 소유자는 피크 시간 요금을 피함으로써 감소된 충전 비용을 경험할 수 있다.

Vehicle owners may experience reduced charging costs by avoiding peak time charges.

차량 소유자는 그들의 차량이 제공하는 실제 에너지 서비스에 기초한 지 불 금액을 받을 수 있다.

Vehicle owners can receive payments based on the actual energy services provided by their vehicles.

차량 소유자는 시스템에 참여를 위해 특혜 요금을 받을 수 있다.

The vehicle owner may receive preferential fees to participate in the system.

There is also a feature between the example power integration system 100 and the grid operator 404:

전기 리소스 통합자로서 전력 통합 시스템(100)은 그리드 운영자(404)에 의해 지불되는 관리 수수료(제공된 서비스의 일부 기능일 수 있는)을 획득할 수 있다.

As an electrical resource integrator, the power integration system 100 may obtain a management fee (which may be part of the services provided) that is paid by the grid operator 404.

전기 리소스 통합자로서 전력 통합 시스템(100)은 전력 시장(412)에 팔 수 있다.

As an electrical resource integrator, the power integration system 100 may sell to the power market 412.

그리드 운영자(404)는 전력 통합 시스템(100)에 대해 지불할 수 있지만, 스스로 전력 통합 시스템(100)을 운영할 수도 있다.

The grid operator 404 may pay for the power integration system 100, but may operate the power integration system 100 by itself.

Example Safety and Remote Smart Isolation

Exemplary power integration system 100 may include methods and components for implementing safety standards and safely operating energy discharge operations. For example, the example power integration system 100 may use in-vehicle line sensors as well as smart isolation devices installed at specific locations. Therefore, the power integration system 100 enables safe vehicle-grid operation. The power integration system 100 also enables automatic adjustment of resources for backup power scenarios.

In one embodiment, the electric vehicle 200 with the remote IPF module 134 stops vehicle-to-grid power upload if the remote IPF module 134 does not detect line power originating from the grid 114. Stopping this power upload prevents powering cords that may have been unplugged, powering power line 206 under repair, and the like. However, this does not preclude the use of the electric vehicle 200 to provide backup power in the event of a grid power outage since the safety measures described below ensure that no isolation conditions are created.

Additional smart isolation equipment installed at the charging location may communicate with the remote IPF module 134 of the electric vehicle 200 to coordinate the operation of power upload to the grid 114 if grid power drops. One particular embodiment of this technology is vehicle to home backup power capacity.

13 illustrates an embodiment of safety measures in a vehicle-to-home scenario, where electrical resources 112 are used to provide power to a load or load set (as at home). The breaker box 1300 is connected to the utility electric meter 1302. When the electrical resource 112 is flowing power to the grid (or local load), the isolation state must be avoided for safety. The electrical resource 112 should not send current to a line that is traditionally considered to be powered down in the event of a power outage by the line operator.

A locally installed smart grid disconnect (switch) 1304 detects utility lines to detect power outages and adjusts electrical resources 112 to enable vehicle-to-home power transfer. In the event of a power outage, the smart grid disconnection 1304 communicates with the electrical resource 112 to disconnect the circuit breaker 1306 from the utility grid 114 and start the power backup service. When the utility service returns to operation, the smart grid disconnection unit 1304 communicates with the electrical resource 112 to deactivate the backup service and reconnect the breaker to the utility grid 114.

14 illustrates an embodiment of safety measures when a plurality of electrical resources 112 power a home. In this case, the smart grid disconnection unit 1304 adjusts all connected electrical resources 112. One electrical resource 112 is considered a “master” 1400 for the purpose of generating the reference signal 1402 and another resource is considered a “slave” 1404 and is referenced to the master 1400. If the master 1400 disappears from the network, the smart grid disconnect 1304 specifies that the other slave 1404 becomes the reference / master 1400.

FIG. 15 illustrates the smart grid disconnect 1304 of FIGS. 13 and 14 in more detail. In one embodiment, the smart grid disconnection unit 1304 includes a processor 1502, a communicator 1504 connected with the connected electrical resource 112, and a voltage sensor 1506 capable of sensing both internal and utility side AC lines. A battery 1508 for operation during an outage and a battery charger 1510 for maintaining a charge level of the battery 1508. The controlled breaker or relay 1512 switches between grid power and electrical resource providing power when signaled by the processor 1502.

Example User Experience Selection

Exemplary power integration system 100 may enable a number of desirable user features:

전체적인 차량 효율성(에너지, 지출, 환경적 영향 등에 관해)의 유도와 분석을 허용하기 위해 데이터 통합은 주행 거리와 전기 및 비전기 연료 사용량을 포함할 수 있다. 이 데이터는 차량내 사용자 인터페이스, 충전소 사용자 인터페이스, 및 웹/셀 폰 사용자 인터페이스상의 디스플레이 뿐만 아니라 저장(716)을 위해 흐름 제어 서버(106)에 출력된다.

Data integration can include mileage and electric and non-electric fuel usage to allow derivation and analysis of overall vehicle efficiency (in terms of energy, expenditure, environmental impact, etc.). This data is output to the flow control server 106 for storage 716 as well as display on the in-vehicle user interface, charging station user interface, and web / cell phone user interface.

지능형 충전은 차량 행동을 학습하고 자동적으로 충전 시간을 변경한다. 원한다면 차량 소유자(408)는 오버라이드하고 즉시 충전을 요청할 수 있다.

Intelligent charging learns vehicle behavior and automatically changes the charging time. If desired, the vehicle owner 408 may override and request a charge immediately.

Example Method

16 illustrates an embodiment method 1600 of power integration. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 1600 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of example power integration system 100.

At block 1602, communication is established with each of the plurality of electrical resources connected to the power grid. For example, the central flow control service may coordinate multiple intermittent connections with mobile electric vehicles, each of which may be connected to the power grid at various locations. The in-vehicle remote manager connects each vehicle to the Internet when the vehicle is connected to the power grid.

At block 1604, the electrical resources are individually signaled to provide power to or obtain power from the power grid.

17 is a flow chart of an embodiment method of communicatingly controlling an electrical resource for power integration. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 1700 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of example IPF module 134.

At block 1702, communication is established between the electrical resource and the service for power integration.

At block 1704, information related to the electrical resource is delivered to the service.

At block 1706, a control signal based in part on the information is received from the service.

At block 1708, the resource is controlled to provide power to the power grid, for example, or to obtain power from the grid for storage.

At block 1710, the bidirectional power flow of the electrical device is measured and used as part of the information related to the electrical resource delivered to the service at block 1704.

18 is a flowchart of an embodiment method of metering bidirectional power of an electrical resource. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 1800 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, for example, components of example meter 824.

At block 1802, energy transfer between the electrical resource and the electrical grid is measured in both directions.

At block 1804, the measurement is sent to a service that consolidates power based in part on the measurement.

19 is a flowchart of a method of determining an electrical network location of an electrical resource. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 1900 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of example power integration system 100.

At block 1902, physical location information is determined. Physical location information is obtained from sources such as the GPS signal or the relative strength of the cell tower signal as an indicator of its location. Alternatively, physical location information can be obtained by receiving a unique identifier associated with a nearby device and finding a location associated with the unique identifier.

At block 1904, for example, an electrical network location of an electrical resource or of a power grid and its connection is determined from physical location information.

20 is a flow chart of an embodiment method of scheduling power integration. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 2000 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of example flow control server 106.

At block 2002, the constraints associated with the individual electrical resources are input.

At block 2004, power integration is scheduled based on the input constraints.

21 is a flowchart of an embodiment method of smart isolation. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment method 2100 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of embodiment power integration system 100.

At block 2102, a power failure is detected.

At block 2104, local connectivity-a network isolated from the power grid-is created.

At block 2106, a local energy storage resource is signaled to power the local connection.

22 is a flowchart of an embodiment method of extending a user interface for power integration. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 2200 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of example power integration system 100.

At block 2202, the user interface is associated with an electrical resource. The user interface may be displayed in, on or near an electrical resource such as an electric vehicle including an energy storage system, or the user interface may be displayed on a device associated with an owner of the electrical resource, such as a mobile phone or a mobile computer. Can be.

At block 2204, power integration preferences and constraints are entered via the user interface. In other words, the user interface can control the degree of participation of electrical resources in a power integration scenario. Alternatively, the user can control the nature of this participation.

23 is a flowchart of an embodiment method of obtaining and maintaining an electric vehicle owner in a power integration system. In the flowchart, the operation is summarized in each block. Embodiment Method 2300 may be performed by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like, eg, components of example power integration system 100.

At block 2302, the electric vehicle owner is registered with the power integration system for distributed electrical resources.

At block 2304, incentives are provided to each owner participating in the power integration system.

At block 2306, the repeated continuous service for the power integration system is repeatedly compensated.

conclusion

Although the embodiments systems and methods have been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological operations, it is to be understood that the technical spirit defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or operations described. Conversely, certain features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claimed methods, apparatus, systems, and the like.

Claims (21)

Establishing a communication connection with each of the plurality of electrical resources connected to the power grid; And Providing power to the power grid, obtaining power from the power grid, or separately signaling signals to the electrical resource to determine available load, storage, or generation capacity of the electrical resource. Power integration method. The method of claim 1, And wherein said electrical resource comprises an energy storage system. The method of claim 1, Individually signaling a signal to each electrical resource is based in part on metering power flow between the electrical resource and the electrical grid. The method of claim 3, wherein The metering is performed at or near each electrical resource. The method of claim 1, Determining an electrical network location of each electrical resource; And Separately delivering a signal to each electrical resource based in part on the electrical network location. The method of claim 1, Scheduling power flow for each of the electrical resources based on optimization of at least some constraints of the connected electrical resources. The method of claim 6, Converting a grid control signal or requested information into a resource control signal based on the optimized schedule. The method of claim 1, The electrical resource comprises a mobile electrical resource intermittently coupled to the power grid at a changing location. The method of claim 8, And the mobile electrical resource comprises an electric vehicle connectable to the power grid. The method of claim 1, And wherein said signal transfer step comprises providing said power resources individually or obtaining power from said power grid at a specific number and ratio specific to each electric resource. The method of claim 1, Receiving the requested information from the grid control signal or information source from the power grid operator; Scheduling integration of the electrical resources to mitigate a grid state represented by the grid control signal or the requested information; And Providing the integration as predicted to the power grid operator. The method of claim 11, And contracting with the power grid operator to perform the integration in exchange for compensation. The method of claim 11, Predicting trends of individual electrical resources available, trends of available integrated electrical resources, and trends by user, including connection duration, connection time, disconnection time, connection location, and resource state of charge (SOC) at the connection; ; And And further based at least in part on the predicted trend. The method of claim 13, Predicting the trend is based on learning behavior of the plurality of electrical resources. The method of claim 11, And the prediction is modified based at least on associating expected future events with historical data of available integrated electrical resources. A server in communication with each of the plurality of electrical resources coupled to the power grid; And And a connection manager for individually signaling signals to the electrical resources to exchange power with the power grid. The method of claim 16, The electrical resource comprises an electrical storage system of an electric vehicle, wherein each electric vehicle is intermittently connected to the power grid at a changing position. The method of claim 16, The exchange of the power according to an electrical resource owner, a power grid operator, the physical state of the power grid, a contract between the manager of the server and the manager of the power grid, or an optimization of parameters selected or forced by an automated grid controller Further comprising a constraint optimizer for integrating the power integration system. The method of claim 18, Further comprising an electrical resource owner, an electrical connection site owner, a grid operator, an automated grid controller, or a prediction engine for learning, guessing, or planning trends of the electrical resource, Wherein the optimization of the integration of the exchange of power is based at least in part on the trend. The method of claim 18, And a contract manager for establishing agreement between the manager of the server and the power grid operator for integrated power exchange. Means for individually signaling signals to electrical resources through the network; And Means for dynamically integrating power flow to and from the electrical resource through the signal transfer in response to a state of the power grid signal generated by a grid control signal, Wherein each electrical resource is intermittently connected to the power grid at varying locations.

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