CN109638858B - Frequency modulation peak regulation method, device and system - Google Patents
Frequency modulation peak regulation method, device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109638858B CN109638858B CN201811457407.1A CN201811457407A CN109638858B CN 109638858 B CN109638858 B CN 109638858B CN 201811457407 A CN201811457407 A CN 201811457407A CN 109638858 B CN109638858 B CN 109638858B
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Abstract
The application relates to a frequency modulation and peak shaving method, a frequency modulation and peak shaving device and a frequency modulation and peak shaving system. A frequency modulated peak shaving method comprising: when a first load instruction is received, increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set; acquiring the output power of a thermal generator set, and acquiring a first increment; acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and acquiring a second increment; and adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment. The fuel cell unit is connected with the thermal generator set in parallel to output electric power, and the output power of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set is dynamically adjusted, so that the problem that the frequency modulation peak regulation speed is slow due to large response delay of the thermal generator set is solved, the regulation speed is increased, and the fast frequency modulation peak regulation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of power control technologies, and in particular, to a frequency modulation peak shaving method, device, and system.
Background
At present, the mainstream power generation technology in the world is to utilize fossil fuels such as burning coal, oil and natural gas to release chemical energy, and convert the chemical energy into mechanical energy through equipment, so as to drive a generator to generate power. However, the user load of the power grid is changed randomly, and when the user load is changed and the power generation load is not adjusted, the frequency of the power grid will be changed. If the change amplitude of the power grid frequency exceeds an allowable value, the change amplitude not only brings adverse effects to equipment of a user side, but also damages a generator set.
In order to adjust the power generation load of the generator set, the traditional technology mainly depends on the self-adjusting capacity of the thermal generator set to carry out frequency modulation and peak shaving, and the adopted measures comprise adjusting the fuel input quantity, adjusting the pressure and the flow of steam or water, carrying out auxiliary adjustment by utilizing the self-energy storage or heat storage of the thermal generator set, and the like.
However, in the implementation process, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the conventional technology: the traditional frequency modulation peak regulation method has the problem of delayed response due to large thermal inertia of a frequency modulation peak regulation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for frequency modulation and peak shaving with fast tuning speed, in order to solve the problem of delayed response.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a frequency modulation peak shaving method, including:
when a first load instruction is received, increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set; the first load instruction is used for indicating the power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit;
acquiring the output power of a thermal generator set, and acquiring a first increment; the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the thermal generator set increases the power generation load according to the first load instruction;
acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and acquiring a second increment; the second increment is the difference of the output power of the fuel cell unit before and after the power generation load is increased according to the first load instruction;
and adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a frequency modulation peak-shaving device, which comprises:
the power generation load increasing module is used for increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit when receiving the first load instruction; the load instruction is used for indicating and adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set;
the first increment determining module is used for acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set and obtaining a first increment; the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the power generation load is increased;
the second increment determining module is used for acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and obtaining a second increment; the second increment is the difference of the output power of the fuel cell unit before and after the power generation load is increased;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a frequency modulation peak regulation system, which comprises a generator set and a control module; the generator set comprises a thermal generator set and a fuel cell set;
the control module is respectively connected with the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set; the thermal generator set is connected with the fuel cell set;
the control module is used for executing the steps of any frequency modulation peak shaving method.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of any of the above frequency modulation peak shaving methods.
One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
through the cooperative work of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator unit, when a first load instruction is received, the power generation loads of the thermal generator unit and the fuel cell unit are increased, and the total output power of the thermal generator unit and the fuel cell unit can be increased in a short time by utilizing the characteristic of quick response of the fuel cell unit. The load response conditions of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set can be respectively known through the first increment and the second increment, and then the proportion of the output power of the fuel cell set and the thermal generator set in the total output power is adjusted according to the load response conditions, so that the fuel cell set and the thermal generator set can maintain a stable state, and the total output power can be balanced with external requirements. The fuel cell unit is connected with the thermal generator set in parallel to output electric power, and the output power of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set is dynamically adjusted, so that the problem that the response delay is large due to the fact that the thermal inertia of a frequency modulation peak regulation system is large is solved, the regulation speed is increased, and the rapid frequency modulation peak regulation is realized.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a first schematic flow chart diagram of a frequency modulation peak shaving method in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic flow chart diagram of a frequency modulation peak shaving method in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic flow chart diagram of a frequency modulation peak shaving method in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a FM peaking apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a first schematic block diagram of a FM peaking system in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic block diagram of a FM peaking system in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a third schematic block diagram of a FM peaking system in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an internal structure of a computer device according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element and be integral therewith, or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
At present, the mainstream power generation technology in the world is to utilize fossil fuels such as burning coal, oil and natural gas to release chemical energy, and convert the chemical energy into mechanical energy through equipment, so as to drive a generator to generate power. Most of the typical thermal power generating units mainly use fire coal as main equipment, and the main equipment comprises a boiler, a steam turbine and a generator. The coal is combusted in the boiler to release heat, the heat is used for heating water and steam, and the steam enters the steam turbine to do work to push the generator to output electric energy.
Fuel cells are a new type of device that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. During the conversion process, fuel forms the anode and cathode with air in the fuel cell reactor, respectively, and under the action of high temperature or catalyst, electric current is generated, and the fuel losing electric charge and oxygen element gaining electric charge combine to produce carbon dioxide and water (when the fuel includes only hydrogen, the reaction product is only water). It can be seen that the fuel in the fuel cell does not need to be combusted to output electrical energy.
In practical application, the load change of a power grid user side is random, and when the user load is increased and the power generation load is not adjusted, the power grid frequency is reduced; on the contrary, when the user load is reduced and the power generation load is not adjusted, the grid frequency is increased. If the variation amplitude of the power grid frequency exceeds an allowable value, not only the equipment of a user end is affected, but also a steam turbine and a generator are damaged in severe cases. Therefore, the steam turbine is provided with a set of frequency modulation system, and when the frequency of the power grid deviates from the rated load, the output of the steam turbine is automatically and quickly adjusted, so that the power generation load is matched with the load of a user, and the amplitude of the frequency change of the power grid is further reduced. This method of automatically adjusting the output power of the turbine by the frequency modulation system to reduce the magnitude of the grid frequency change is known as primary frequency modulation. The mode that the steam turbine passively receives a load instruction and artificially changes the frequency of the power grid is called secondary frequency modulation.
The electrical load varies with the season and the production work and rest time. Wherein, the peak area refers to a time section with higher electric load; the valley region is a time zone with a low electrical load. The generating set increases the generating capacity in the peak area and decreases the generating capacity in the valley area according to the requirement of the electrical load, and the action of adjusting the generated output according to the load requirement is called peak shaving.
At present, the traditional technology mainly depends on the self-adjusting capacity of the thermal generator set to carry out frequency modulation and peak shaving, and the adopted measures comprise adjusting the fuel input quantity, adjusting the pressure and the flow of steam or water, carrying out auxiliary adjustment by utilizing the self-energy storage or heat storage of the thermal generator set, and the like.
Specifically, taking a coal-fired unit as an example, load change can be realized by changing input fuel quantity on a boiler side, and the fuel quantity is changed while the feed water quantity is correspondingly matched and adjusted; the auxiliary means comprises temperature reduction water adjustment and smoke heat distribution adjustment, such as adjustment by using a double smoke channel baffle.
However, the boiler of a large thermal power generator set has large thermal inertia, the response is too slow through fuel regulation, the requirement of load instruction of frequency modulation cannot be met, and the load cannot be increased or decreased quickly because the load is limited by the temperature rise rate of thick-wall parts when the peak load is regulated greatly. And the accuracy of the feed water quantity matching adjustment is not enough, so that overshoot or undershoot easily occurs when the load fluctuates greatly. However, the auxiliary adjusting means such as temperature reduction water adjustment is generally used as a fine adjusting means or a quick response load means, and cannot be used as a continuous adjusting means.
The steam can be adjusted by the steam inlet adjusting valve at the side of the steam turbine, and the corresponding flow or pressure of the water pump can be adjusted. The steam turbine steam inlet regulating valve acts fast, load requirements can be responded fast, the load response amplitude is determined by the throttling degree of the regulating valve, and the larger the throttling is, the larger the load change amplitude is.
However, the energy regulated on the turbine side comes from the boiler, and if the response speed of the boiler cannot be kept up to date, the turbine cannot finally be continuously regulated. In addition, the steam inlet regulating valve needs to increase the throttling degree to obtain larger response amplitude, and further, the thermodynamic cycle efficiency of the steam turbine is reduced, so that the fuel cost of operation is increased.
Therefore, the conventional fm peak-shaving method not only has the problem of slow tuning speed, but also causes cost increase.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a frequency modulation peak shaving method, comprising the steps of:
and 102, increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set when the first load instruction is received.
The first load instruction is used for indicating the power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit, namely indicating the total power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit.
Specifically, the control module may send a first load adjustment signal to the thermal generator set and a second load adjustment signal to the fuel cell set when receiving a first load command. The first load adjusting signal is used for indicating the power generation load increment of the thermal generator set; the second load adjustment signal is used to indicate a power generation load increment of the fuel cell unit.
Because the fuel cell unit has the characteristic of fast response, for example, the fuel cell unit can realize response within 3 seconds and reach the load adjustment target value within 60 seconds, when receiving the second load adjustment signal, the fuel quantity and the air quantity entering the fuel cell unit are increased, and the fuel and the air react in the fuel cell unit, so that the output power of the fuel cell unit can respond according to a certain proportion of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction, thereby realizing frequency modulation and peak shaving in a short time, for example, the fuel cell unit can be instructed to respond according to 70% of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction through the second load adjustment signal.
When the thermal power plant receives the first load adjustment signal, the response delay is large, so that the thermal power plant cannot respond to the first load command in a short time, that is, the load response cannot be realized in a short time when the first load adjustment signal is received, and thus the output power cannot be increased at the beginning, for example, the output power cannot be increased in the first 30 seconds. After the time delay, the thermal generator set starts to increase the power generation load and increase the output power.
In practical application, a fuel cell unit with a smaller power capacity can be selected as a frequency modulation peak regulation component, specifically, the power capacity of the fuel cell unit can be much smaller than the rated capacity of a thermal generator set, for example, a fuel cell unit with a power capacity equivalent to 1% to 10% of the rated capacity of the thermal generator set can be selected according to the given requirements of a power grid, and a fuel cell unit with a power capacity of 1% to 5% of the rated capacity of the thermal generator set can be generally selected.
It should be noted that fuel cells using different fuels, such as hydrogen, methane, or methanol, can be used, but any device that obtains and outputs electric energy by electrochemically reacting fuel with air, i.e., oxygen in air, should be within the scope of the present application.
And step 104, acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set, and obtaining a first increment.
And the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the thermal generator set increases the power generation load according to the first load instruction.
Specifically, the response delay of the thermal generator set is large, the thermal generator set cannot respond to the first load instruction within a short time, and the change condition of the output power of the thermal generator set can be known through the first increment, namely the first increment can be used for reflecting the load response condition of the thermal generator set.
And step 106, acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and obtaining a second increment.
Wherein the second increment is a difference between output powers of the fuel cell unit before and after the increase of the power generation load according to the first load command.
Specifically, the change condition of the output power of the fuel cell unit can be known through the second increment, namely the second increment can be used for reflecting the load response condition of the fuel cell unit. Because the fuel cell unit has the characteristic of high response speed, the second increment can be obtained by the second load adjustment signal, that is, the second increment can be the power generation load increment of the fuel cell unit indicated by the second load adjustment signal.
And step 108, adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment.
Specifically, since the second increment can be obtained by the second load adjustment signal, the total output power of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator unit can be obtained by the first increment. By judging whether the total output power satisfies the power generation load increment indicated by the first load command, the load response conditions of the fuel cell unit and the thermal power generating unit can be known.
When the power capacity of the fuel cell unit is much smaller than the rated capacity of the thermal power generation unit, the fuel cell unit cannot perform load response for a long time because of the limit to the power capacity. Therefore, when the total output power of the fuel cell unit and the thermal power generating unit satisfies the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction, the ratio of the output power of the fuel cell unit to the total output power and the ratio of the output power of the thermal power generating unit to the total output power need to be adjusted to increase the output ratio of the thermal power generating unit and reduce the output ratio of the fuel cell unit.
It should be noted that, the steps 104 and 106 are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows, and the step 104 may be executed first, and then the step 106 may be executed; step 106 may be executed first, and then step 104 may be executed; it is also possible that step 104 and step 106 are performed simultaneously.
In the frequency modulation peak shaving method, the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator unit work cooperatively, when a first load instruction is received, the power generation loads of the thermal generator unit and the fuel cell unit are increased, and the total output power of the thermal generator unit and the fuel cell unit can be increased in a short time by utilizing the characteristic of quick response of the fuel cell unit. The load response conditions of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set can be respectively known through the first increment and the second increment, and then the proportion of the output power of the fuel cell set and the thermal generator set in the total output power is adjusted according to the load response conditions, so that the fuel cell set and the thermal generator set can maintain a stable state, and the total output power can be balanced with external requirements. The characteristic that the fuel cell unit is fast in response is utilized, electric power is output through the parallel connection of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set, and the output power of the fuel cell unit and the output power of the thermal generator set are dynamically adjusted, so that the adjusting precision is improved, the requirement of power grid scheduling can be met, and meanwhile, the problem that the response delay time is long due to the fact that the thermal inertia of a frequency modulation peak regulation system is large is avoided, so that the adjusting speed is improved, and the fast frequency modulation peak regulation is realized.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, there is provided a frequency modulation peak shaving method, comprising the steps of:
step 202, when the first load instruction is received, increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit.
The first load instruction is used for indicating the power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit, namely indicating the total power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit.
Specifically, when a first load command is received, a first load adjustment signal is sent to the thermal power unit, and a second load adjustment signal is sent to the fuel cell unit. The first load adjusting signal is used for indicating the power generation load increment of the thermal generator set; the second load adjustment signal is used to indicate a power generation load increment of the fuel cell unit.
And step 204, acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set, and obtaining a first increment.
And the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the thermal generator set increases the power generation load according to the first load instruction.
Specifically, the response delay of the thermal generator set is large, the thermal generator set cannot respond to the first load instruction within a short time, and the change condition of the output power of the thermal generator set can be known through the first increment, namely the first increment can be used for reflecting the load response condition of the thermal generator set.
And step 206, acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and obtaining a second increment.
Wherein the second increment is a difference between output powers of the fuel cell unit before and after the increase of the power generation load according to the first load command.
Specifically, the change condition of the output power of the fuel cell unit can be known through the second increment, namely the second increment can be used for reflecting the load response condition of the fuel cell unit. Because the fuel cell unit has the characteristic of high response speed, the second increment can be obtained by the second load adjustment signal, that is, the second increment can be the power generation load increment of the fuel cell unit indicated by the second load adjustment signal.
It should be noted that, the steps 204 and 206 are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows, and the step 204 may be performed first, and then the step 206 may be performed; step 206 may be executed first, and then step 204 may be executed; it is also possible that step 204 and step 206 are performed simultaneously.
And step 208, when the sum of the first increment and the second increment meets a first preset condition, increasing the power generation load of the thermal generator set, and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit.
Specifically, the total output power of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set can be obtained by calculating the first increment, and then whether the total output power meets the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction is judged, so that the load response conditions of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set are obtained.
When the total output electric quantity of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator unit reaches the scheduling requirement and the increment reaches 100 percent, namely the total output power of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator unit meets the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction, the thermal generator unit continues to increase the output under the inertia of the system, and correspondingly reduces the input of the fuel quantity and the air quantity of the fuel cell unit, thereby reducing the output power of the fuel cell unit, and simultaneously keeping the sum of the output power of the thermal generator unit and the output power of the fuel cell unit at the instruction required value, namely meeting the increment of 100 percent.
And step 210, when the first increment meets a second preset condition, maintaining the power generation load of the thermal generator set, and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit to the lowest standby load.
The minimum standby load is a minimum load for maintaining the fuel cell unit in a hot state. The fuel cell unit is kept to operate under the lowest standby load, the components can be kept in a hot state, and the fuel cell unit can be guaranteed to respond to the load in a short time.
When the first increment satisfies a preset proportion of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction, such as 80% of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction, the increase of the power generation load of the thermal generator set is stopped, that is, the power generation load of the thermal generator set is maintained. At the same time, the reduction of the power generation load of the fuel cell unit is stopped, so that the fuel cell unit is kept in standby operation at the lowest standby load, as the fuel cell unit can be kept in operation at 20% of the power generation load increase indicated by the first load command. At the moment, the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set are in a stable state, and the total output power and the external requirement are balanced.
In a specific embodiment, the first preset condition is that the sum of the first increment and the second increment is greater than or equal to the power generation load increment; the second preset condition is that the first increment is greater than or equal to a product of the preset ratio and the power generation load increment.
In the frequency modulation peak regulation method, when the power capacity of the fuel cell unit is far smaller than the rated capacity of the thermal generator set, the proportion of the output power of the fuel cell unit to the total output power and the proportion of the output power of the thermal generator set to the total output power can be adjusted, so that the fuel cell unit is prevented from needing long-time load response, and the stability is improved.
In one embodiment, a frequency modulation peak shaving method is provided, further comprising the steps of:
when the second load instruction is received, the power generation loads of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell unit are reduced based on the previous load instruction.
The second load instruction is used for indicating the reduction amount of the power generation load of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit. The previous load command is a load command received at a time immediately before the second load command is received, and if the second load command is received at a time when t is 0, the load command received at the time when t is-1 is the previous load command.
Specifically, when the second load instruction is received, the power generation loads of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell unit are reduced, so that the total output power of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell unit is reduced, and the total output power can be balanced with the external demand.
In practical applications, the load command may be used to instruct the generator set including the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set to generate power. When the generating set is required to increase the generating load, the generating load can be increased through the first load instruction; when the generator set is required to reduce the power generation load, the reduction of the power generation load can be realized through the second load instruction. However, the state of the generating load of the generator set is not limited to increase and decrease, and may be maintained or other various states that occur in practical applications. Thus, the load instructions may include, but are not limited to, a first load instruction and a second load instruction.
In one specific embodiment, when the second load command is received, the step of reducing the power generation loads of the thermal power generating unit and the fuel cell unit based on the previous load command includes:
and when the previous load instruction is the first load instruction, maintaining the power generation load of the thermal generator set and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit.
Specifically, since the first load command is used to indicate the power generation load increments of the thermal power generating unit and the fuel cell unit, when the previous load command is the first load command, it indicates that the power generation loads of the thermal power generating unit and the fuel cell unit need to undergo a process of increasing first and then decreasing. Because the fuel cell has the characteristic of fast response, when the fuel cell unit receives a previous load instruction, the fuel cell unit increases the output power by increasing the fuel quantity and the air quantity, and the thermal generator unit does not start to respond in a short time because the response delay is long. At this time, when the second load command is received, the power generation loads of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell unit need to be reduced, and the total output power of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell unit can be reduced by stopping the thermal power generation unit to increase the power generation load and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit.
In a specific embodiment, when the previous load command is the first load command, the method further includes the following steps after the power generation load of the thermal power generator set is maintained and the power generation load of the fuel cell unit is reduced:
and when the maximum load reduction amount of the fuel cell unit is smaller than the power generation load reduction amount, reducing the power generation load of the thermal power generator unit.
The maximum load reduction quantity of the fuel cell unit is the difference value of the current power generation load minus the lowest standby load of the fuel cell unit.
Specifically, if the output power of the fuel cell unit is reduced only and the power generation load reduction amount indicated by the second load command cannot be satisfied, the power generation load of the thermal power plant unit can be reduced, so that the total power generation load reduction amount of the fuel cell unit and the thermal power plant unit can satisfy the power generation load reduction amount indicated by the second load command.
In one embodiment, the step of reducing the power generation loads of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell power generation unit based on the previous load command further includes:
and when the previous load instruction is the second load instruction, reducing the power generation load of the thermal generator set.
Specifically, since the response delay of the load shedding of the thermal power generating set is short, that is, the power generation load thereof can be reduced in a short time, when the previous load command is the second load command, the power generation load of the thermal power generating set is reduced so that the total power generation load reduction amount of the fuel cell stack and the thermal power generating set can satisfy the power generation load reduction amount indicated by the second load command, and the fuel cell stack is maintained at the minimum standby load.
In the frequency modulation peak shaving method, the power generation loads of the thermal power generation unit and the fuel cell unit are reduced based on the previous load instruction, and frequency modulation peak shaving can be flexibly performed by adopting different power generation load reduction strategies.
In the following, a specific embodiment is described, as shown in fig. 3, which provides a frequency modulation peak shaving method, comprising the following steps:
step 302, determine whether the received command is a first load command.
And step 304, if the received command is a first load command, increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit.
And step 306, acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set, and obtaining a first increment.
And 308, acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and obtaining a second increment.
And 310, increasing the power generation load of the thermal generator set and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit when the sum of the first increment and the second increment meets a first preset condition.
And step 312, when the first increment meets a second preset condition, maintaining the power generation load of the thermal generator set, and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit to the lowest standby load.
Step 314, when the second load instruction is received, the previous load instruction is obtained.
And step 316, when the previous load instruction is the first load instruction, maintaining the power generation load of the thermal generator set and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit.
And step 318, reducing the power generation load of the thermal power generator set when the maximum load reduction amount of the fuel cell unit is less than the power generation load reduction amount.
And step 320, reducing the power generation load of the thermal generator set when the previous load instruction is the second load instruction.
Specifically, when a first load command is received, that is, the output power needs to be increased, the fuel amount and the air amount are increased by using the characteristic that the response of the fuel cell unit is fast, so that the output power of the fuel cell unit can respond according to a certain proportion of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load command, for example, 70% of the required increment is reached. And simultaneously, a load instruction is also sent to the thermal generator set, namely, a first load adjustment signal is sent to the thermal generator set, because the response of the thermal generator set is delayed, the output cannot be increased at first, the output electric energy of the thermal generator set is increased after the delay, and whether the output electric energy of the thermal generator set and the output electric energy of the fuel cell set reach the dispatching requirement or not is judged by measuring the increased electric energy of the thermal generator set, namely, whether the total power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set reaches 100% of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction or not is judged. And the thermal generator set continues to increase the output under the inertia of the system, at the moment, the fuel quantity and the air quantity entering the fuel cell unit are correspondingly reduced, and the total power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit is maintained at 100% of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction.
When the first increment approaches a certain range of the instruction demand, for example, 80% of the power generation load increment indicated by the first load instruction, an instruction is issued to stop the thermal power generating unit from continuing to increase the load, so that the thermal power generating unit output reaches a new steady state. At this time, the fuel cell stack is no longer operated with a reduced output, and is kept in standby operation at a certain low load, for example, at 20% of the increase in the power generation load indicated by the first load command. The whole set of unit reaches a new stable state, and the output and the external requirements are balanced.
When the second load instruction is received and the output power needs to be reduced, the load reducing action of the thermal generator set is relatively fast, so that the instruction is only sent to the thermal generator set, and the minimum standby load of the fuel cell unit is kept unchanged.
When the load instruction changes rapidly and the power generation load needs to be increased and then decreased, the fuel cell unit starts to respond when receiving the first load instruction, but the thermal power unit does not respond, and when the second load instruction is suddenly received, the thermal power unit stops increasing the output force and the fuel cell unit is decreased. If the load needing to be reduced is larger than the maximum load reduction amount of the fuel cell unit, the power generation load of the thermal power generator unit is reduced.
When the load instruction is changed to be firstly reduced and then increased, namely the second load instruction is firstly received and then the first load instruction is received, only the instruction is firstly sent to the thermal generator set so that the fuel cell unit keeps the lowest standby load unchanged. When the load command is increased from decreasing, the method for increasing the power generation load of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit is executed.
It should be understood that although the various steps in the flow charts of fig. 1-3 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 1-3 may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternating with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, there is provided a frequency modulation peak shaving apparatus comprising: the device comprises a power generation load increasing module, a first increment determining module, a second increment determining module and an adjusting module, wherein:
a power generation load increase module 410 for increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit when receiving the first load instruction; the load instruction is used for indicating and adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set;
the first increment determining module 420 is configured to obtain an output power of the thermal generator set and obtain a first increment; the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the power generation load is increased;
a second increment determining module 430, configured to obtain an output power of the fuel cell unit and obtain a second increment; the second increment is the difference of the output power of the fuel cell unit before and after the power generation load is increased;
and an adjusting module 440, configured to adjust output powers of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment.
In a specific embodiment, the adjusting module comprises a first adjusting unit and a second adjusting unit;
and the first adjusting unit is used for increasing the power generation load of the thermal generator set and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit when the sum of the first increment and the second increment meets a first preset condition.
And the second adjusting unit maintains the power generation load of the thermal generator set when the first increment meets a second preset condition, and reduces the power generation load of the fuel cell unit to the lowest standby load.
Wherein, the lowest standby load is the lowest load for maintaining the fuel cell unit in a hot state; the first preset condition is that the sum of the first increment and the second increment is greater than or equal to the power generation load increment; the second preset condition is that the first increment is greater than or equal to a product of the preset ratio and the power generation load increment.
In one embodiment, there is provided a frequency modulated peak shaver comprising: the device comprises a power generation load increasing module, a first increment determining module, a second increment determining module, an adjusting module and a power generation load reducing module;
the power generation load increasing module is used for increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit when receiving the first load instruction; the load instruction is used for indicating and adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set;
the first increment determining module is used for acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set and obtaining a first increment;
the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the power generation load is increased;
the second increment determining module is used for acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and obtaining a second increment; the second increment is the difference of the output power of the fuel cell unit before and after the power generation load is increased;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment.
And the power generation load reduction module is used for maintaining the power generation load of the thermal power generator set and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit when the previous load instruction is the first load instruction.
For the specific definition of the fm peak shaver, reference may be made to the above definition of the fm peak shaver method, which is not described herein again. The modules in the fm peak shaver described above can be implemented wholly or partially by software, hardware, and a combination thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent from a processor in the computer device, and can also be stored in a memory in the computer device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a fm peak shaving system is provided, including a genset and a control module 50; the generator set comprises a thermal generator set 60 and a fuel cell set 70;
the control module 50 is respectively connected with the thermal generator set 60 and the fuel cell set 70; the thermal generator set 50 is connected with the fuel cell set 70;
in particular, the control module may be adapted to perform the steps of the embodiments of the frequency modulation peak shaving method described above. The thermal power generating set can comprise thermal power generating equipment, a main body external power transmission line, and matched auxiliary equipment and auxiliary systems, and the selection of the equipment and the system does not influence the function of the frequency modulation peak shaving system.
It should be noted that the control module is a device for implementing an instructional logic concept and operation manner, and the physical layer may be configured to include a computer or a programmable controller, software, a measuring element, a signal conversion and transmission line, an execution element and a power supply thereof, and the like.
In one particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the fuel cell stack 70 includes a fuel cell module 710, a water heat exchanger 720, and an inverter 730;
the fuel cell module 710 is respectively connected with the water heat exchanger 720, the inverter 730 and the control module 50;
the water heat exchanger 720 and the inverter 730 are both connected to the thermal generator set 60.
Specifically, the fuel cell unit may further include a reaction off-gas discharge pipe and an auxiliary outgoing power line. The auxiliary external power transmission line can be connected into the main body external power transmission line in a parallel mode so as to realize the simultaneous external output of electric quantity.
In one particular embodiment, fuel cell module 710 includes a fuel cell 740 and a valve unit;
the valve units are respectively connected with the fuel cell 740 and the control module 50;
the fuel cell is respectively connected with the inverter 730 and the water heat exchanger 720;
the valve unit is used to adjust the amount of fuel entering fuel cell 740 based on a load adjust signal sent by control module 50.
In particular, the fuel cell module comprises a fuel cell and a valve unit, wherein the valve unit may comprise a regulating valve and a supply line, in particular a fuel supply line, a fuel regulating valve, an air supply line and an air regulating valve.
In a particular embodiment, an electrolyzed water module 80 may also be included;
the electrolyzed water module 80 is connected to the fuel cell unit 70 and the thermal generator unit 60, respectively.
In particular, the electrolyzed water module may include power access lines, rectifiers, an electrolysis reactor, a fuel storage tank, an oxygen storage tank. The storage capacity of the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank can be set to meet the requirement that the fuel cell unit continuously operates for 5 minutes to 15 minutes at the maximum output, the specific storage capacity can depend on the requirement of a power grid on a power plant, and the maximum storage capacity can not need to exceed the fuel quantity and the oxygen quantity consumed by the fuel cell unit continuously operating for 60 minutes at the maximum output.
The electric energy required by the electrolysis of water is led out from the power transmission line outside the main body, and alternating current is converted into direct current through the rectifier, so that hydrogen and oxygen are respectively prepared in the electrolysis reactor. When the speed of the water electrolysis module generating the fuel quantity is larger than the consumption of the fuel, the prepared hydrogen and oxygen can be stored in the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank respectively for standby.
In addition, the thermal power generating unit can comprise thermal power generating equipment, a main body external power transmission line, and matched auxiliary equipment and auxiliary systems. The fuel cell module may include a fuel supply line, a fuel regulating valve, an air supply line, an air regulating valve, a fuel cell, a reaction off-gas exhaust line, an inverter, and an auxiliary outgoing power line. The auxiliary external power transmission line is connected into the main body external power transmission line in a parallel mode so as to realize the simultaneous external output of electric quantity. Gas products generated by the fuel cell unit can be discharged through a steam exhaust pipeline, contained heat is recycled to the thermal power unit through the water heat exchanger, condensed products (namely pure water) can be used as make-up water for electrolytic water, namely in the water heat exchanger, gaseous water is condensed into liquid state and is recycled as make-up water for electrolytic water, and residual heat after reaction of the fuel cell is recycled to a boiler through the heat exchanger, so that the frequency modulation and peak regulation cost can be reduced.
In a particular embodiment, an energy storage module may also be included.
The energy storage module is respectively connected with the thermal generator set 60 and the fuel cell set 70.
The energy storage module can be a storage battery or a heat storage container.
In the frequency modulation peak regulation system, the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set are coupled into a whole to cooperatively operate, response within 3 seconds can be realized by utilizing the characteristic of quick response of the fuel cell, and a load adjustment target value can be reached within 60 seconds, so that the total output load of the fuel cell unit and the thermal generator set can be adjusted, and the frequency modulation peak regulation requirement of a power grid on the generator set is further met. In addition, the cyclic utilization of water resources can be realized, and the cost of frequency modulation and peak shaving is reduced.
The present embodiment is described below by way of a specific example, and as shown in fig. 7, a frequency modulation peak shaving system is provided, which includes a generator set, a control module 50, and an electrolytic water module 80; the generator set comprises a thermal generator set 60 and a fuel cell set 70;
the control module 50 is respectively connected with the thermal generator set 60, the fuel cell set 70 and the electrolyzed water module 80;
the fuel cell unit 70 is respectively connected with the thermal generator unit 60 and the electrolyzed water module 80;
the control module 50 is used to implement the steps of the above-described parking lot location method embodiments.
The thermal power generating unit 60 may be a coal-fired unit, and includes a boiler 610, a steam turbine 620, a generator 630, and a main body external power transmission line 640, and the coal-fired unit further includes auxiliary equipment and auxiliary systems, and the types of the equipment and the systems do not affect the main body functions.
The fuel cell stack 70 may include a water heat exchanger 720, an inverter 730, a fuel cell 740, an air supply conduit, an air regulating valve 750, a fuel supply conduit, a fuel regulating valve 760, an auxiliary export power line 770, and a reaction off-gas exhaust conduit 780.
The electrolyzed water module 80 may include power access lines 810, a rectifier 820, an electrolysis reactor 830, a fuel storage tank, and an oxygen storage tank 840. The storage capacity of the fuel and oxygen storage tanks 840 may be sufficient to allow the fuel cell unit 70 to operate continuously at maximum power for 5 minutes to 15 minutes, and the specific storage capacity may depend on the power plant requirements of the power grid, and may not need to exceed the amount of fuel and oxygen consumed by the fuel cell unit 70 operating continuously at maximum power for 60 minutes.
Specifically, the auxiliary external power transmission line is connected to the main external power transmission line in a parallel manner, so that the simultaneous external output of electric power is realized. The gas product generated by the fuel cell unit can be discharged through a steam exhaust pipeline, the contained heat is recycled to the thermal power unit through a water heat exchanger, and the condensed product (namely pure water) can be used as the supplementary water of the electrolyzed water. The auxiliary external power transmission line is connected into the main body external power transmission line in a parallel mode so as to realize the simultaneous external output of electric quantity. The gas product generated by the fuel cell unit can be discharged through a steam exhaust pipeline, the contained heat is recycled to the thermal power unit through a water heat exchanger, and the condensed product (namely pure water) can be used as the supplementary water of the electrolyzed water.
In practical application, a fuel cell unit with a smaller power capacity can be selected as a frequency modulation peak regulation component, specifically, the power capacity of the fuel cell unit can be far smaller than the rated capacity of a thermal generator set, for example, a fuel cell unit with a power capacity equivalent to 1% to 10% of the rated capacity of the thermal generator set can be selected according to the given requirements of a power grid, and a fuel cell unit with a power capacity of 1% to 5% of the rated capacity of the thermal generator set can be generally selected.
It should be noted that the control module is a device for implementing an instructional logic concept and operation manner, and the physical layer may be configured to include a computer or a programmable controller, software, a measuring element, a signal conversion and transmission line, an execution element and a power supply thereof, and the like.
On one hand, the frequency modulation peak regulation system can utilize the abundant power generation capacity of the thermal power generator set to electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen and oxygen during the period of low power generation load, and the hydrogen and oxygen are used as reaction raw materials of the fuel cell, so that additional fuel purchase is avoided. On the other hand, the fuel cell adopts hydrogen as fuel, so that no pollutant is discharged, and the harm to the environment is avoided.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the architecture shown in fig. 7 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the disclosed aspects and is not intended to limit the computing devices to which the disclosed aspects apply, as particular computing devices may include more or less components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in fig. 8. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, and a database connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used for storing the first increment and the second increment data. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a frequency modulation peak shaving method.
In an embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the embodiments of the frequency modulation peak shaving method described above.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A frequency modulated peak shaving method, comprising:
when a first load instruction is received, increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set; the first load instruction is used for indicating the power generation load increment of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit;
acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set, and acquiring a first increment; the first increment is the difference of the output power of the thermal generator set before and after the thermal generator set increases the power generation load according to the first load instruction;
acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and acquiring a second increment; the second increment is the difference between the output powers of the fuel cell unit before and after the increase of the power generation load according to the first load instruction;
adjusting output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment;
when a second load instruction is received, if the previous load instruction is the first load instruction, maintaining the power generation load of the thermal generator set, and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit; if the previous load instruction is the second load instruction, reducing the power generation load of the thermal generator set;
wherein the second load instruction is used to instruct a reduction amount of power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit; the previous load instruction is a load instruction received at a time immediately before the second load instruction is received.
2. A frequency modulation peak shaving method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell set based on the first increment and the second increment comprises:
when the sum of the first increment and the second increment meets a first preset condition, increasing the power generation load of the thermal generator set, and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit;
when the first increment meets a second preset condition, maintaining the power generation load of the thermal generator set, and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit to the lowest standby load; the minimum standby load is a minimum load for maintaining the fuel cell stack in a hot state.
3. A frequency modulation peak shaving method according to claim 2, wherein the first preset condition is that the sum of the first increment and the second increment is greater than or equal to the power generation load increment;
the second preset condition is that the first increment is greater than or equal to a product of a preset proportion and the power generation load increment.
4. A frequency modulation peak shaving method according to claim 1, wherein when a previous load command is the first load command, the method further comprises the steps of, after maintaining the power generation load of the thermal power generation unit and reducing the power generation load of the fuel cell unit:
and when the maximum load reduction amount of the fuel cell unit is smaller than the power generation load reduction amount, reducing the power generation load of the thermal power generator set.
5. A frequency modulated peak shaving apparatus, comprising:
the power generation load increasing module is used for increasing the power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit when receiving the first load instruction; the load instruction is used for instructing to adjust the output power of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit;
the first increment determining module is used for acquiring the output power of the thermal generator set and obtaining a first increment; the first increment is the difference of output power before and after the thermal generator set increases the power generation load;
the second increment determining module is used for acquiring the output power of the fuel cell unit and acquiring a second increment; the second increment is the difference between the output powers of the fuel cell unit before and after the increase of the power generation load;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the output power of the thermal generator set and the output power of the fuel cell unit based on the first increment and the second increment;
a power generation load reduction module, configured to, when a second load instruction is received, maintain a power generation load of the thermal power generation unit and reduce the power generation load of the fuel cell unit if a previous load instruction is the first load instruction; if the previous load instruction is the second load instruction, reducing the power generation load of the thermal generator set; wherein the second load instruction is used to instruct a reduction amount of power generation loads of the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit; the previous load instruction is a load instruction received at a time immediately before the second load instruction is received.
6. A frequency modulation peak regulation system is characterized by comprising a generator set and a control module; the generator set comprises a thermal generator set and a fuel cell set;
the control module is respectively connected with the thermal generator set and the fuel cell unit; the thermal generator set is connected with the fuel cell set;
the control module is configured to perform the steps of the frequency modulation peak shaving method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
7. A FM peak shaver system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fuel cell unit comprises a fuel cell module, a water heat exchanger and an inverter;
the fuel cell module is respectively connected with the water heat exchanger, the inverter and the control module;
the water heat exchanger and the inverter are both connected with the thermal generator set.
8. A frequency modulated peak shaving system according to claim 7, wherein the fuel cell module comprises a fuel cell and a valve unit;
the valve unit is respectively connected with the fuel cell and the control module;
the fuel cell is respectively connected with the inverter and the water heat exchanger;
the valve unit is used for adjusting the fuel quantity entering the fuel cell based on a load adjusting signal sent by the control module.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the frequency modulation peak shaving method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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