CA2672422A1 - Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources - Google Patents

Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2672422A1
CA2672422A1 CA002672422A CA2672422A CA2672422A1 CA 2672422 A1 CA2672422 A1 CA 2672422A1 CA 002672422 A CA002672422 A CA 002672422A CA 2672422 A CA2672422 A CA 2672422A CA 2672422 A1 CA2672422 A1 CA 2672422A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
power
electric
recited
resource
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002672422A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Seth B. Pollack
Seth W. Bridges
David L. Kaplan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
V2Green Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2672422A1 publication Critical patent/CA2672422A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/12Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H04L67/125Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/57Charging stations without connection to power networks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/00017Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00028Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4604LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay
    • H04L12/462LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone
    • H04L12/4625Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/12Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/30Preventing theft during charging
    • B60L2270/32Preventing theft during charging of electricity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/128Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocol

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

Systems and methods are described for a power aggregation system. In one implementation, a service establishes individual Internet connections to numerous electric resources intermittently connected to the power grid, such as electric vehicles. The Internet connection may be made over the same wire that connects the resource to the power grid. The service optimizes power flows to suit the needs of each resource and each resource owner, while aggregating flows across numerous resources to suit the needs of the power grid. The service can bring vast numbers of electric vehicle batteries online as a new, dynamically aggregated power resource for the power grid. Electric vehicle owners can participate in an electricity trading economy regardless of where they plug into the power grid.

Description

SCHEDULING AND CONTROL IN A POWER AGGREGATION SYSTEM FOR
DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC RESOURCES

RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
60/869,439 to Bridges et al., entitled, "A Distributed Energy Storage Management System," filed December 11, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference; U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 60/915,347 to Bridges et al., entitled, "Plug-In-Vehicle Management System," filed May 1, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/836,749 to Pollack et al., entitled, "Scheduling and Control in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources," filed August 9, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND' [0002] Transportation systems, with their high dependence on fossil fuels, are especially carbon-intensive. That is, physical units of work performed in the transportation system typically discharge a significantly larger amount of CO2 into the atmosphere than the same units of work performed electrically.
[0003] The electric power grid contains limited inherent facility for storing electrical energy. Electricity must be generated constantly to meet uncertain demand, which often results in over-generation (and hence wasted energy) and sometimes results in under-generation (and hence power failures).
[0004] Distributed electric resources, en masse can, in principle, provide a significant resource for addressing the above problems. However, current power services infrastructure lacks provisioning and flexibility that are required for aggregating a large number of small-scale resources (e.g., electric vehicle batteries) to meet medium- and large-scale needs of power services. A single vehicle battery is insignificant when compared with the needs of the power grid. What is needed is a way to coordinate vast numbers of electric vehicle batteries, as electric vehicles become more popular and prevalent.
[0005] Low-level electrical and communication interfaces to enable charging and discharging of electric vehicles with respect to the grid are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,642,270 to Green et al., entitled, "Battery powered electric vehicle and electrical supply system," incorporated herein by reference. The Green reference describes a bi-directional charging and communication system for grid-connected electric vehicles, but does not address the information processing requirements of dealing with, large, mobile populations of electric vehicles, the complexities of billing (or compensating)~vehicle owners, nor the complexities of assembling mobile pools of electric vehicles into aggregate power resources robust enough to support firm power service contracts with grid operators.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Fig. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary power aggregation system.
[0007] Fig. 2 is a diagram of exemplary connections between an electric vehicle, the power grid, and the Internet.
[0008] Fig. 3 is a block diagram of exemplary connections between an electric resource and a flow control server of the power aggregation system.
[0009] Fig. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary layout of the power aggregation system.
[00010] Fig. 5 is a diagram of exemplary control areas in the power aggregation system.
[00011] Fig. 6 is a diagram of multiple flow control centers in the power aggregation system.
[00012] Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary flow control server.
[00013] Fig. 8 is block diagram of an exemplary remote intelligent power flow module.
[00014] Fig. 9 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of power aggregation.
[00015] Fig. 10 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of communicatively controlling an electric resource for power aggregation.
[00016] Fig. 11 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of metering bidirectional power of an electric resource.
[00017] Fig. 12 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of scheduling power aggregation.

IeeQhayes ct sossaaae 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Overview [00018] Described herein is a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources, and associated methods. In one implementation, the exemplary system communicates over the Internet and/or some other public or private networks with numerous individual electric resources connected to a power grid (hereinafter, "grid").
By communicating, the exemplary system can dynamically aggregate these electric resources to provide power services to grid operators (e.g. utilities, Independent System Operators (ISO), etc). "Power services" as used herein, refers to energy delivery-as well as other ancillary services including demand response, regulation, spinning reserves, non-spinning reserves, energy imbalance, and similar products.
"Aggregation" .as used herein refers to the ability to control power flows into and out of a set of spatially distributed electric resources with the purpose of providing a power service of larger magnitude. "Power grid operator" as used herein, refers to the entity that is responsible for maintaining the operation and stability of the power grid within or across an electric control area. The power grid operator may constitute some combination of manual/human action/intervention and automated processes controlling generation signals in response to system sensors. A
"control area operator" is one example of a power grid operator. "Control area" as used herein, refers to a contained portion of the electrical grid with defined input and output ports. The net flow of power into this area must equal (within some error tolerance) the sum of the power consumption within the area and power outflow from the area.
[00019] "Power grid" as used herein means a power distribution system/network that connects producers of power with consumers of power. The network may include generators, transformers, interconnects, switching stations, substations, feeders, and safety equipment as part of either/both the transmission system (i.e., bulk power) or the. distribution system (i.e. retail power). The exemplary power aggregation system is vertically scalable for use with a neighborhood, a city, a sector, a control area, or (for example) one of the eight large-scale Interconnects in the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC). Moreover, the exemplary system is horizontally scalable for use in providing power services to multiple grid areas simultaneously. -fee0hayesrft sg.nmaw 3 [00020] "Grid conditions" as used herein, means the need for more or less power flowing in or out of a section of the electric power grid, in a response to-one of a number of conditions, for example supply changes, demand changes, contingencies and failures, ramping events, etc. These grid conditions typically manifest themselves as power quality events such as under- or over-voltage events and under- or over-frequency events.
[00021] "Power quality events" as used herein typically refers to manifestations of power grid instability including voltage deviations and frequency deviations;
additionally, power quality events as used herein also includes other disturbances in the quality of the power delivered by the power grid such as sub-cycle voltage spikes and harmonics.
[00022] "Electric resource" as used herein typically refers to electrical entities that can be commanded to do some or all of these three things: take power (act as load), provide power (act as power generation or source), and store energy. Examples may include battery/charger/inverter systems for electric or hybrid vehicles, repositories of used-but-serviceable electric vehicle batteries, fixed energy storage, fuel cell generators, emergency generators, controllable loads, etc.
[00023] "Electric vehicle" is used broadly herein to refer to pure electric and hybrid electric vehicles, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), especially vehicles that have significant storage battery capacity and that connect to the power grid for recharging the battery. More specifically, electric vehicle means a vehicle that gets some or all of its energy for motion and other purposes from the power grid.
Moreover, an electric vehicle has an energy storage system, which may consist of batteries, capacitors, etc., or some combination thereof. An electric vehicle may or may not have the capability to provide power back to the electric grid.
[00024] Electric vehicle "energy storage systems" (batteries, supercapacitors, and/or other energy storage devices) are used herein as a representative example of electric resources intermittently or permanently connected to the grid that can have dynamic input and output of power. Such batteries can function as a power source or a power load. A collection of aggregated electric vehicle batteries can become a statistically stable resource across : numerous batteries, despite recognizable tidal connection trends (e.g., an increase in the total umber of vehicles connected to the grid at night; a downswing.in the collective number of connected tee0hayes ct so~ue-saa 4 batteries as the morning commute begins, etc.) Across vast numbers of electric vehicle batteries, connection trends are predictable and such batteries become a stable and reliable resource to call upon, should the grid or a part of the grid (such as a person's home in a blackout) experience a need for increased or decreased power. Data collection and storage also enable the power aggregation system to predict connection behavior on a per-user basis.

Exemplary System [000251 Fig. 1 shows an exemplary power aggregation system 100. A flow control center 102 is communicatively coupled with a network, such as a public/private mix that includes the Internet 104, and includes one or more servers 106 providing a centralized power aggregation service. "Internet" 104 will be used herein as representative of many different types of communicative networks and network mixtures. Via a network, such as the Internet 104, the flow control center 102 maintains communication 108 with operators of power grid(s), and communication 110 with remote resources, i.e., communication with peripheral electric resources 112 ("end" or "terminal".nodes /devices of a power network) that are connected to the power grid 114. In one implementation, powerline communicators (PLCs), such as those that include or consist of Ethernet-over-powerline bridges 120 are implemented at connection locations so that the "last mile" (in this case, last feet-e.g., in a residence 124) of Internet communication with remote resources is implemented over the same wire that connects each electric resource 112 to the power grid 114. Thus, each physical location of each electric resource 112 may be associated with a corresponding Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120 (hereinafter, "bridge") at or near the same location as the electric resource 112. Each bridge 120 is typically connected to an Internet access point of a location owner, as will be described in greater detail below. The communication medium from flow control center 102 to the connection location, such as residence 124, can take many forms, such as cable modem, DSL, satellite, fiber, WiMax, etc. In a variation, electric resources 112 may connect with the Internet by a different medium than the same power wire that connects them to the power grid 114. For example, a given electric resource. 112 may have its own wireless capability to connect directly with the Internet 104 and thereby with the flow control center 102.

lee0nayes vk so9.ns~nw 5 [00026] Electric resources 112 of the exemplary power aggregation system 100 may include the batteries of electric vehicles connected to the power grid 114 at residences 124, parking lots 126 etc.; batteries in a repository 128, fuel cell generators, private dams, conventional power plants, and other resources that produce electricity and/or store electricity physically or electrically.
[00027] In one implementation, each participating electric resource 112 or group of local resources has a corresponding remote intelligent power flow (IPF) module 134 (hereinafter, "remote IPF module" 134). The centralized flow control center 102 administers the power aggregation system 100 by communicating with the remote IPF modules 134 distributed peripherally among the electric resources 112. The remote IPF modules 134 perform several different functions, including providing the flow control center 102 with the statuses of remote resources; controlling the amount, direction, and timing of power being transferred into or out of a remote electric resource 112; provide metering of power being transferred into or out of a remote electric resource 112; providing safety measures during power transfer and changes of conditions in the power grid 114; logging activities; and providing self-contained control of power transfer and safety measures when communication with the flow control center 102 is interrupted. The remote IPF modules 134 will be described in greater detail below.
[00028] Fig. 2 shows another view of exemplary electrical and communicative connections to an electric resource 112. In this example, an electric vehicle includes a battery bank 202 and an exemplary remote IPF module 134. The electric vehicle 200 may connect to a conventional wall receptacle (wall outlet) 204 of a residence 124, the wall receptacle 204 representing the peripheral edge of the power grid 114 connected via a residential powerline 206.
[00029] In one implementation, the power cord 208 between the electric vehicle 200 and the wall outlet 204 can be composed of only conventionalwire and insulation for conducting alternating current (AC) power to and from the electric vehicle 200. In Fig. 2, a Iocation-specific connection locality module 210 performs the function of network access point-in this case, the Internet access point.
A
bridge 120 intervenes between the receptacle 204 and the network access point so that the power cord 208 can also carry network communications between the electric vehicle 200 and the receptacle 204. With such a bridge 120 and connection lee hayes ok sosae-ssss 6 locality module 210 in place in a connection location, no other special wiring 'or physical medium is needed to communicate with the remote IPF module 134 of the electric vehicle 200 other than a conventional power cord 208 for providing.
residential.line current at conventional voltage. Upstream of the connection locality module 210, power and communication with the electric vehicle 200 are resolved into the powerline 206 and an Internet cable 104.
[00030] Alternatively, the power cord 208 may include safety features not found in conventional power and extension cords. For example, an electrical plug 212 of the power cord 208 may include electrical and/or mechanical safeguard components to prevent the remote IPF module 134 from electrifying or exposing the male conductors of the power cord 208 when the conductors are exposed to a human user.
[00031] Fig. 3 shows another implementation of the connection locality module 210 of Fig. 2, in greater detail. In Fig. 3, an electric resource 112 has an associated remote IPF module 134, including a bridge 120. The power cord 208 connects the electric resource 112 to the power grid 114 and also to the connection locality module 210 in order to communicate with the flow control server 106.
[00032] The connection locality module 210 includes another instance of a bridge 120', connected to a network access point 302, which may include such components as a router, switch, and/or modem, to establish a hardwired or wireless connection with, in this case, the Internet 104. In one implementation, the power cord 208 between the two bridges 120 and 120' is. replaced by a wireless Internet link, such as a wireless transceiver in the remote IPF module 134 and a wireless router in the connection locality module 210.

Exemplary System Layouts [00033] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary layout 400 of the power aggregation system 100. The flow control center 102 can be connected to many different entities, e.g., via the Internet 104, for communicating and receiving information. The exemplary layout 400 includes electric resources 112, such as plug-in electric vehicles 200, physically connected to the grid within a single control area 402. The electric resources 112 become an energy resource for grid operators 404 to utilize.

Iee hayes o.o sa~~sas 7 [00034] The exemplary layout 400 also includes end users 406 classified into electric resource owners 408 and electrical connection location owners 410, who may or may not be one and the same. In fact, the stakeholders in an exemplary power aggregation system 100 include the system operator at the flow control center 102, the grid operator 404, the resource owner 408, and the owner of the location 410 at which the electric resource 112 is connected to the power grid 114.
[00035] Electrical connection location owners 410 can include:
[00036] = Rental car lots - rental car companies often have a large portion of their fleet parked in the lot. They can purchase fleets of electric vehicles 200 and, participating in a power aggregation system 100, generate revenue from idle fleet vehicles.
[00037] = Public parking lots - parking lot owners can participate in the power aggregation system 100 to generate revenue from parked electric vehicles 200.
Vehicle owners can be offered free parking, or additional incentives, in exchange for providing power services.
[00038] = Workplace parking - employers can participate in a power aggregation system 100 to generate revenue from parked employee electric vehicles 200.
Employees can be offered incentives in exchange for providing power services.
[00039] = Residences - a home garage can merely be equipped with a connection locality module 210 to enable ' the homeowner to participate in the power aggregation system 100 and generate revenue from a parked car. Also, the vehicle battery 202 and associated power electronics within the vehicle can provide local power backup power during times of peak load or power outages.
[00040] = Residential neighborhoods - neighborhoods can participate in a power aggregation system 100 and be equipped with power-delivery devices (deployed, for example, by homeowner cooperative groups) that generate revenue from parked electric vehicles 200.
[00041] = The grid operations 116 of Fig. 4 collectively include interactions with energy markets 412, the interactions of grid operators 404, and the interactions of automated grid controllers 118 that perform automatic physical control of the power grid 114.
[00042] The flow control center 102 may also be coupled with information sources 414 for input of weather reports, events, price feeds, etc, collectively called acquired lee(Qhayes pk wsvssas 8 information. Other data sources 414 include the system stakeholders, public databases, and historical system data, which may be used to optimize system performance and to satisfy constraints on the exemplary power aggregation system 100.
[00043] Thus, an exemplary power aggregation system 100 may consist of components that:
[00044] = communicate with the electric resources 112 to gather data and actuate charging/discharging of the electric resources 112;
[00045] = gather real-time energy prices;
[00046] = gather real-time resource statistics;
[00047] = predict behavior of electric resources 112 (connectedness, location, state (such as battery State-Of-Charge) at time of connect/disconnect);
[00048] = predict behavior of the power grid 114/ load;
[00049] = encrypt communications for privacy and data security;
[00050] = actuate charging of electric vehicles 200 to optimize some figure(s) of merit;
[00051] = offer guidelines or guarantees about load availability for various points in the future, etc.
[00052] These components can be running on a single . computing resource (computer, etc.), or on a distributed set of resources (either physically co-located or not).
[00053] Exemplary IPF systems 100 in such a layout 400 can provide many benefits: for example, lower-cost ancillary services (i.e., power services), fine-grained (both temporally and spatially) control over resource scheduling, guaranteed reliability and service levels, increased service levels via intelligent resource scheduling, firming of intermittent generation sources such as wind and solar power generation.
[00054] The exemplary power aggregation system 100 enables a grid operator 404 to control the aggregated electric resources 112 connected to the power grid 114. An electric resource 112 can act as a power source, load, or storage, and the resource 112 may exhibit combinations of these properties. Control of an electric resource 112 is the ability to actuate power consumption, generation, or energy storage from an aggregate of these electric resources 112.

teeQhayes nc sn¾immse 9 [00055] Fig. 5 shows the role of multiple control areas 402 in the exemplary power aggregation system 100. Each electric resource 112 can be connected to the power aggregation system 100 within a specific electrical control area. A single instance of the flow control center 102 can administer electric resources 112 from multiple distinct control areas 501 (e.g., control areas 502, 504, and 506). In one implementation, this functionality is achieved by logically partitioning resources within the power aggregation system 100. For example, when the control areas include an arbitrary number of control areas, control area "A" 502, control area "B"
504, ..., control area "n" 506, then grid operations 116 can include corresponding control area operators 508, 510, ..., and 512. Further division into a control hierarchy that includes control division groupings above and below the illustrated control areas 402 allows the power aggregation system 100 to scale to power grids = 114 of different magnitudes and/or to varying numbers of electric resources connected with a power grid 114.
[00056] Fig. 6 shows an exemplary layout 600 of an exemplary power aggregation system 100 that uses multiple centralized flow control centers 102 and 102'.
Each flow control center 102 and 102' has its own respective end users 406 and 406'.
Control areas 402 to be administered by each specific instance of a flow control center 102 can be. assigned dynamically. For example, a first flow control center 102 may administer control area A 502 and control area B 504, while a second flow control- center 102' administers control area n 506. Likewise, corresponding control area operators (508, 510, and 512) are served by the same flow control center that serves their respective different control areas.

Exemplary Flow Control Server [00057] Fig. 7 shows an exemplary server 106 of the flow control center 102.
The illustrated implementation in Fig. 7 is only one example configuration, for descriptive purposes. Many other arrangements of the illustrated components or even different components constituting an exemplary server 106 of the flow control center 102 are possible within the scope of the subject matter. Such an exemplary server 106 and flow control center 102 can be executed in hardware, software, or combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc.

lee0hayes ct wsaxs.e2ss 10 [00058] The exemplary flow control server 106 includes a connection manager 702 to communicate with electric resources 112, a prediction engine 704 that may include a learning engine 706 and a statistics engine 708, a constraint optimizer 710, and a grid interaction manager 712 to receive grid control signals 714. Grid control signals 714 may include generation control signals, such as automated generation control (AGC) signals. The flow control server 106 may further include a database /
information warehouse 716, a web server 718 to present a user interface to electric resource owners 408, grid operators 404, and electrical connection location owners 410; a contract manager 720 to negotiate contract terms with energy markets 412, and an information acquisition engine 414 to track weather, relevant news events, etc., and download information from public and private databases 722 for predicting behavior of large groups of the electric resources 112, monitoring energy prices, negotiating contracts, etc.

Operation of an Exemplary Flow Control Server [00059] The connection manager 702 maintains a communications channel with each electric resource 112 that is connected to the power aggregation system 100.
That is, the connection manager 702 allows each electric resource 112 to log on and communicate, e:g., using Internet Protocol (IP) if the network is the Internet 104. In other words, the electric resources 112 call home. That is, in one implementation they always initiate the connection with the server106. This facet enables the exemplary IPF modules 134 to work around problems with firewalls, IP
addressing, reliability, etc.
[00060] For example, when an electric resource 112, such as an electric vehicle 200 plugs in at home 124, the IPF module 134 can connect to the home's router via the powerline connection. The router will-assign the vehicle 200 an address (DHCP), and the vehicle 200 can connect to the server 106 (no holes in the firewall needed from this direction).
[00061] If the connection is terminated for any reason (including the server instance dies), then the IPF module 134 knows to call home again and connect to the next available server resource.
[00062] The grid interaction manager 712 receives and interprets signals from the interface of the automated grid controller 118 of a grid operator 404. In one lee0neyes,t sos-m-ae 11 implementation, the grid interaction manager 712 also generates signals to send to automated grid controllers 118. The scope of the signals to be sent depends on agreements or contracts between grid operators 404 and the exemplary power aggregation system 100. In one scenario the grid interaction manager 712 sends information about the, availability of aggregate electric resources 112 to receive power from the grid 114 or supply power to the grid 114. In another variation, a contract may allow the grid interaction manager 712 to send control signals to the automated grid controller 118-to control the grid 114, subject to the built-in constraints of the automated grid controller 118 and subject to-the scope of control allowed by the contract.
[00063] The database 716 can store all of the data relevant to the power aggregation system 100 including electric resource logs, e.g., for electric vehicles 200, electrical connection information, per-vehicle energy metering data, resource owner preferences, account information, etc.
[00064] The web server 718 provides a user interface to the system stakeholders, as described above. Such a user interface serves primarily as a mechanism for conveying information to the users, but in some cases, the user interface serves to acquire data, such as preferences, from the users. In one implementation, the web server 718 can also initiate contact with participating electric resource owners 408 to advertise offers for exchanging electrical power.
[00065] The bidding/contract manager 720 interacts with the grid operators 404 and their associated energy markets 412 to determine system availability, pricing, service.levels, etc.
[00066] The information acquisition engine 414 communicates with public and private databases 722, as mentioned above, to gather data that is relevant to the operation of the power aggregation system 100.
[00067] The prediction engine 704 may use data from the data warehouse 716 to make predictions about electric resource behavior, such as when electric resources 112 will connect and disconnect, global electric resource availability, electrical system load, real-time energy prices, etc. The predictions enable the power aggregation system 100 to utilize more fully the electric resburces 112 connected to the power grid 114. The learning engine 706 may track, record, and process actual electric resource behavior, e.g., by learning behavior of a sample or cross-section of lee0hayes vc wsnv9as 12 a large population of electric resources 112. The statistics engine 708 may apply various probabilistic techniques to the resource behavior to note trends and make predictions.
[00068] In one implementation, the prediction engine 704 performs predictions via collaborative filtering. The prediction engine 704 can also perform per-user predictions of one or more parameters, including, for example, connect-time, connect duration, state-of-charge at connect time, and connection location. In order to perform per-user prediction, the prediction engine 704 may draw upon information, such as historical data, connect time (day of week, week of month, month of year, holidays, etc.), state-of-charge at connect, connection Iocation, etc. In one implementation, a time series prediction can be computed via a recurrent neural network, a dynamic Bayesian network, or other directed graphical model.
[00069] In one scenario, for one user disconnected from the grid 114, the prediction engine 704 can predict the time of the next connection, the state-of-charge at connection time, the location of the connection (and may assign it a probability/likelihood). Once the resource 112 has connected, the time-of-connection, state-of-charge at-connection, and connection location become further inputs to refinements of the predictions of the, connection duration. These predictions help to guide predictions of total system availability as well as to determine a more accurate cost function for resource allocation.
[00070] Building a parameterized prediction model for each unique user is not always. scalable in time or space. Therefore, in one implementation, rather than use one model for each user in the system 100, the prediction engine 704 builds a reduced set of models where each model in the reduced set is.used to predict the behavior of many users. To decide how to group similar users for model creation and assignment, the system 100 can identify features of each. user, such as number of unique connections/disconnections per day, typical connection time(s), average connection duration, average state-of-charge at connection time, etc., and can create clusters of users in either a full feature space or in some reduced feature space that is computed via a dimensionality reduction algorithm such as Principal Components Analysis, Random Projection, etc. Once the prediction engine 704 has assigned users to a cluster, the collective data from all of the users in that cluster is used to create a predictive model that will be used for the predictions of each user in leephayes ct m¾ss-sas 13 the cluster. In one implementation, the cluster assignment procedure is varied to optimize the system 100 for speed (less clusters), for accuracy (more clusters), or some combination of the two.
[00071] This exemplary clustering technique has multiple benefits. First, it enables a reduced set of models, and therefore reduced model parameters, which reduces the computation time for making predictions. It also reduces the storage space of the model parameters. Second, by identifying traits (or features). of new users to the system 100, these new users can be assigned to an existing cluster of users with similar traits, and the cluster model, built from;the extensive data of the existing users, can make more accurate predictions about the new user more quickly because it. is leveraging the historical performance of similar users.
Of course, over time, individual users may change their behaviors and may, be reassigned to new clusters that fit their behavior better.
[00072] The constraint optimizer 710 combines information from the prediction engine 704, the data warehouse 716, and the contract manager 720 to generate resource control signals that will satisfy the system constraints. For example, the constraint optimizer 710 can signal an electric vehicle 200 to charge its battery bank 202 at a certain charging rate and later to discharge the battery bank 202 for uploading power to the power grid 114 at a certain upload rate: the power transfer rates and the timing schedules of the power transfers optimized to fit the tracked individual connect and disconnect behavior of the particular electric vehicle 200 and also optimized to fit a daily power supply and demand "breathing cycle" of the power grid 114.
[00073] In one implementation, the constraint optimizer 710 plays a key role in converting grid control signals 714 or information sources 414 into vehicle.control signals, mediated by the connection manager 702. Mapping grid control signals from a grid operator 404 or information sources 414 into control signals that are sent to each unique electrical resource 112 in the system 100 is an example of a specific constraint optimization problem.
[00074] Each resource 112 has associated constraints, either hard or soft.
Examples of resource constraints may include: price sensitivity of the owner, vehicle state-of-charge (e.g., if the vehicle 200 is fully charged, it cannot participate in loading the grid 114), predicted amount of time until the resource 112 disconnects iee r,ares Pk so~m-22ra 14 from the system 100, owner sensitivity to revenue versus state-of-charge, electrical limits of the resource 114, manual charging overrides by resource owners 408, etc.
The constraints on a particular resource 112 can be used to assign a cost for activating each of the resource's particular actions. For example, a resource whose storage system 202 has little energy stored in it will have a low cost associated with the charging operation, but a very high cost for the generation operation. A
fully charged resource 112 that is predicted to be available for ten hours will have a lower cost generation operation than a fully charged resource 112 that is predicted to be disconnected within the next 15 minutes, representing the negative consequence of delivering a less-than-full resource to its owner.
[00075] The following is one example scenario of converting one generating signal 714 that comprises a system operating level (e.g. -10 megawatts to +10 megawatts, where + represents load, - represents generation) to a vehicle control signal.
It is worth noting that because the system 100 can meter the actual power flows in each resource 112, the actual system operating level is known at all times.
[00076] In this example, assume the initial system operating level is.0 megawatts, no resources are active (taking or delivering power from the grid), and the negotiated, aggregation service contract level for the next hour is +/- 5 megawatts.
[00077] In this implementation, the exemplary power aggregation system 100 maintains three lists of available resources 112. The first list contains resources 112 that can be activated for charging (load) in priority order. There is a second list of the resources 112 ordered by priority for discharging (generation). Each of the resources 112 in these lists (e.g., all resources 112 can have a position in both lists) have an associated cost. The priority order of the lists is directly related to the cost (i.e., the lists are sorted from lowest cost to highest cost). Assigning cost values to each resource 112 is important because it enables the comparison of two operations that achieve similar results with respect to system operation. For example, adding one unit of charging (load, taking power from the grid) to the system is equivalent to removing one unit of generation. To perform any operation that increases or decreases the system output, there may be multiple action choices and in one implementation the system 100 selects the lowest cost operation. The third list of resources 112 contains resources with hard constraints. For example, resources whose owner's 408 have overridden the system 100 to force charging will be placed leemnayes vft sas.us-ww 15 be placed on the third list of static resources.
[00078] At time "1," the grid-operator-requested operating level changes to +2 megawatts. The system activates charging the first 'n' resources from the list, where 'n' is the number of resources whose additive load is predicted to equal 2 megawatts.
After the resources are activated, the results of the activations are monitored to determine the actual result of the action. If more than 2 megawatts of load is active, the system will disable charging in reverse priority order. to maintain system operation within the error tolerance specified by the contract.
[00079] From time "1" until time "2," the requested operating level remains constant at 2 megawatts. However, the behavior of some of the electrical resources may not be static. For example, some vehicles 200 that are part of the 2 megawatts system operation may become full (state-of-charge = 100%) or may disconnect from the system .100. Other vehicles 200 may connect to the system 100 and demand immediate charging. All of these actions will cause a change in the operating level of the power aggregation system 100. Therefore, the system 100 continuously monitors the system operating level and activates or deactivates resources 112 to maintain the operating level within the error tolerance specified by the contract.
[00080] At time "2," the grid-operator-requested operating level decreases to -megawatts: The system consults the lists of available resources and chooses the lowest cost set of resources to achieve a system operating level of -1 megawatts.
Specifically, the system moves sequentially through the priority lists, comparing the cost of enabling generation versus disabling charging, and activating the lowest cost resource at each time step. Once the operating level reaches -1 megawatts, the system 100 continues to monitor the actual operating level, looking for deviations that would require the activation of an additional resource 112 to maintain the operating level within the error tolerance specified by the contract.
[00081] In one implementation, an exemplary costing mechanism is fed information on the real-time grid generation mix to determine the marginal consequences of charging or generation (vehicle 200 to grid 114) on a "carbon footprint," the impact on fossil fuel resources and the environment in general. The exemplary system 100 also enables optimizing for any costmetric, or a weighted combination of several. The system 100 can optimize figures of merit that may leepnayes,,k sasaw-um 16 include, for example, a combination of maximizing economic value and minimizing environmental impact, etc.
[00082] In one implementation, the system 100 also uses cost as a temporal variable. For example, if the system 100 schedules a discharged pack to charge during an upcoming time window, the system 100 can predict its look-ahead cost profile as it charges, allowing the system 100 to further optimize, adaptively. That is, in some circumstances the system 100 knows that it will have a high-capacity generation resource by a certain future time.
[00083] Multiple components of the flow control server 106 constitute a scheduling system that has multiple functions and components:
[00084] = data collection (gathers real-time data and stores historical data);
[00085] = projections via the prediction engine 704, which inputs real-time data, historical data, etc.; and outputs resource availability forecasts;
[00086] = optimizations built on resource availability forecasts, constraints, such as command signals from grid operators 404, user preferences, weather conditions, etc.
The optimizations can take the form of resource control plans that optimize a desired metric.
[00087] The scheduling function can enable a number of. useful energy services, including:
[00088] = ancillary services, such as rapid response services and fast regulation;
[00089] = energy to compensate for sudden, foreseeable, or unexpected grid imbalances;
[00090] = response to routine and unstable demands;
[00091] = firming of renewable energy sources (e.g. complementing wind-generated power).
[00092] An exemplary power aggregation system 100 aggregates and controls the load presented by many charging/uploading electric vehicles 200 to provide power services (ancillary energy services) such as regulation and spinning reserves.
Thus, it is possible to meet call time requirements of grid operators 404 by summing multiple electric resources 112. For example, twelve operating loads of 5kW
each can be disabled to provide 60kW of spinning reserves for one hour. However, if each load can be disabled for at most 30 minutes and the minimum call time is two hours, the loads can be disabled in series (three at a time) to provide 15kW
of leephayes õt so¾ns-szw 17 reserves for two hours. Of course, more complex interleavings of individual electric resources by the power aggregation system 100 are possible.
[00093] For a utility (or electrical power distribution entity) to maximize distribution efficiency, the utility needs to minimize reactive power flows. Typically, there are a number of methods used to minimize reactive power flows including switching inductor or capacitor banks into the distributiori system to modify the power factor in different parts of the system. To manage and control this dynamic Volt-Amperes Reactive (VAR) support effectively, it must be done in a location-aware manner. In one implementation, the power aggregation system 100 includes power-factor correction. circuitry placed in electric vehicles 200 with the exemplary remote IPF
module 134, thus enabling such a service. Specifically, the electric vehicles 200 can have capacitors (or inductors) that can be dynamically connected to the grid, independent of whether the electric vehicle 200 is charging, delivering power, or doing nothing. This service can then be sold to utilities for distribution level dynamic VAR support. The power aggregation system 100 can both sense the need for VAR
support in a distributed manner and use the distributed remote IPF modules 134 to take actions that provide VAR support without grid operator 404 intervention.

Exemplary Remote IPF Module [00094] Fig. 8 shows the remote IPF module 134 of Figs. 1 and 2 in greater detail.
The illustrated remote IPF module 134 is only one example configuration, for descriptive purposes. Many other arrangements of the illustrated components or even different components constituting an exemplary remote IPF module 134 are possible within the scope of the subject matter. Such an exemplary remote IPF
module 134 has some hardware components and some components that can be executed in hardware, software, or combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc.
[00095] The illustrated example of a remote IPF module 134 is represented by an implementation suited for an electric vehicle 200. Thus, some vehicle systems are included as part of the exemplary remote IPF module 134 . for the sake of description. However, in other implementations, the remote IPF module 134 may exclude some or all of the vehicles systems 800 from being counted as components of the remote IPF module 134.

Iee hayes rt sa¾v~se 18 [00096] The depicted vehicle systems 800 include a vehicle computer and data interface 802, an energy storage system, such as a battery bank 202, and an inverter / charger 804. Besides vehicle systems 800, the remote IPF module 134 also includes a communicative power flow controller 806. The communicative power flow controller 806 in turn includes some components that interface with AC
power from the grid 114, such as a powerline communicator, for example an Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120, and a current or current/voltage (power) sensor 808, such as a current sensing transformer.
[00097] The communicative power flow controller 806 also includes Ethernet and information processing components, such as a processor 810 or microcontroller and an associated Ethernet media access control (MAC) address 812; volatile random access memory 814, nonvolatile memory 816 or data storage, an interface such as an RS-232 interface 818 or a CANbus interface 820; an Ethernet physical layer interface 822, which enables wiring and signaling according to Ethernet standards for the physical layer through means of network access at the MAC- / Data Link Layer and a common addressing format. The Ethernet physical layer interface provides electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium-i.e., in one implementation, using the Ethernet=over-powerline bridge 120.
In a variation, wireless. or other communication channels with the Internet 104 are used in place of the Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120.
[00098] The communicative power flow controller 806 also.includes a bidirectional power flow meter 824 that tracks power transfer to and from each electric resource 112, in this case the battery bank 202 of an electric vehicle 200.
[00099] The communicative power flow controller 806 operates either within, or connected to an electric vehicle 200 or other electric resource 112 to enable the aggregation of electric resources 112 introduced above (e.g., via a wired or wireless communication interface). These above-listed components may vary among different implementations of the communicative power flow controller 806, but implementations typically include:
[000100] = an intra-vehicle communications mechanism that enables communication with other vehicle components;
[000101] = a mechanism to communicate with the flow control center 102;
[000102] = a processing element;

lee0hayes,t 5a9.us.saw 19 [000103] = a data storage element;
[000104] = a power meter; and [000105] = optionally, a user interface.
[000106] Implementations of the communicative power flow controller 806 can enable functionality including:
[000107] = executing pre-programmed or learned behaviors when the electric resource 112 is offline (not connected to Internet 104, or service is unavailable);
[000108] = storing locally-cached behavior profiles for "roaming" connectivity (what to do when charging on a foreign system or in disconnected operation, i.e., when there is no'network connectivity);
[000109] = allowing the user to override current system behavior; and [000110] = metering power-flow information and caching meter data during offline operation for later transaction.
[000111] Thus, the communicative power flow controller 806 includes a central processor 810, interfaces 818 and 820 for communication within the electric vehicle 200, a powerline communicator, such as an Ethernet-over-powerline bridge 120 for communication external to the electric vehicle 200, and a power flow meter 824 for measuring energy flow to and from the electric vehicle 200 via a connected AC
powerline 208.

Operation of the Exemplary Remote IPF Module [000112] Continuing with electric vehicles 200 as representative of electric resources 112, during periods when such an electric vehicle 200 is parked and connected to the grid 114, the remote IPF module 134 initiates a connection to the flow control server 106, registers itself, and waits for signals from the flow control server 106. that direct the remote IPF module 134 to adjust the flow of power into or out of the electric vehicle 200. These signals are communicated to the vehicle computer 802 via the data interface, which may be any suitable interface including the RS-232 interface 818 or the CANbus interface 820. The vehicle computer 802, following the signals received from the flow control server 106, controls the inverter /
charger 804 to charge the vehicle's battery bank 202 or to discharge the battery bank 202 in upload to the grid 114.

lee0hayes cft so¾3nwss 20 [000113] Periodically, the remote IPF module 134 transmits information regarding energy flows to the flow control server 106. If, when the electric vehicle 200 is connected to the grid 114, there is no communications path to the flow control server 106 (i.e., the location is not equipped properly, or there is a network failure), the electric vehicle 200 can follow a preprogrammed or learned behavior of off-line operation, e.g., stored as a set of instructions in the nonvolatile memory 816. In such a case, energy transactions can also be cached in nonvolatile memory 816 for later transmission to the flow control server 106.
[000114] During periods when the electric vehicle 200 is in operation as transportation, the remote IPF module 134 listens passively, logging select vehicle operation data for later analysis and consumption. The remote IPF module 134 can transmit this data to the flow control server 106 when a communications channel becomes available.

Exemplary Power Flow Meter [000115] Power is the rate of energy consumption per interval of time. Power indicates the quantity of energy transferred during a certain period of time, thus the units of power are quantities of energy per unit of time. The exemplary power flow meter 824 measures power for a given electric resource 112 across a bi-directional flow-e.g., power from grid 114 to electric vehicle 200 or from electric vehicle 200 to the grid 114. In one implementation, the remote IPF module 134 can locally cache readings from the power flow meter 824 to ensure accurate transactions with the central flow control server 106, even if the connection to the server is down temporarily, or if the server itself is unavailable.
[000116] The exemplary power flow meter 824, in conjunction with the other components of the remote IPF module 134 enables system-wide features in the exemplary power aggregation system 100 that include:
[000117] = tracking energy usage on an electric resource-specific basis;
[000118] = power-quality monitoring (checking if voltage, frequency, etc.
deviate from their nominal operating points, and if so, notifying grid operators, and potentially modifying resource power flows to help correct the problem);
[000119] ~ vehicle-specific billing and transactions for energy usage;
leemhayes,k so¾m-mG 21 [000120] = mobile billing (support for accurate billing when the electric resource owner 408 is not the electrical connection location owner 410 (i.e., not the meter account owner). Data from the power flow meter 824 can be captured at the electric vehicle 200 for billing;
[000121] = integration with a smart meter at the charging location (bi-directional information exchange); and [000122] = tamper resistance (e.g., when the power flow meter 824 is protected with.in an electric resource 112 such as an electric vehicle 200).

Exemplary User Experience Options [000123] The exemplary power aggregation system 100 can enable a number of desirable user features:
[000124] = data collection can include distance driven and both electrical and non-electrical fuel usage, to allow derivation and analysis of overall vehicle efficiency (in terms of energy, expense, environmental impact, etc.). This data is exported to the flow control server 106 for storage 716, as well as for display on an in-vehicle user interface, charging station user interface, and web/cell phone user interface.
[000125] = intelligent charging learns the vehicle behavior and: adapts the charging timing automatically. The vehicle owner 408 can override and request immediate charging if desired.

Exemplary Methods [000126] Fig. 9 shows an exemplary method 900 of power aggregation. In the flow diagram, the operations are summarized in individual blocks. The exemplary method.900 may be performed by hardware, software, or combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc., for example, by components of the exemplary power aggregation system 100.
[000127] At block 902, communication is established with each of multiple electric resources connected to a power grid. For example, a central flow control service can manage numerous intermittent connections with mobile electric vehicles, each of which may connect to the power grid at various locations. An in-vehicle remote agent connects each vehicle to the Internet when the vehicle connects to the power grid.

lee0hayes ac so¾=-vas 22 [000128] At block 904, the electric resources are individually signaled to provide power to or take power from the power grid.
[000129] Fig. 10 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of communicatively controlling an electric resource for power aggregation. In the flow diagram, the operations are summarized in individual blocks. The exemplary method 1000 may be performed by hardware, software, or combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc., for example, by components of the exemplary intelligent power flow (IPF) module .134.
[000130] At block 1002, communication is established between an electric resource and a service for aggregating power.
[000131] At block 1004, information associated with the electric resource is communicated to the service.
[000132] At block 1006, a control signal based in part upon the information is received from the service.
[000133] At block 1008, the resource is controlled, e.g., to provide power to the power grid or to take power from the grid, i.e., for storage.
[000134] At block 1010, bidirectional power flow of the electric device is measured, and used as part of the information associated with the electric resource that is communicated to the service at block 1004.
[000135] Fig. 11 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of metering bidirectional power of an electric resource. In the flow diagram, the operations are summarized in individual blocks. The exemplary method 1100 may be performed by hardware, software, or combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc., for example, by components of the exemplary power flow meter 824.
[000136] At block 1102, energy transfer between an electric resource and a power grid is measured bidirectionally.
[000137] At block 1104, the measurements are sent to a service that aggregates power based in part on the measurements.
[000138] Fig. 12 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of scheduling power aggregation. In the flow diagram, the operations are summarized in individual blocks. The exemplary method 1200 may be performed by hardware, software, or combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc., for example, by components of the exemplary flow control server 106.

leemhayes yt sa¾ussas 23 [000139] At block 1202, constraints associated with individual electric resources are input.
[000140] At block 1204, power aggregation is scheduled, based on the input constraints.

Conclusion [000141] Although exemplary systems and methods have been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claimed methods, devices, systems, etc.

lee@tiayes ct sn9.n5sae 24

Claims (25)

1. A method, comprising:
in a power aggregation system, inputting power grid needs for changes in power levels in a section of the power grid into the power aggregation system;
inputting constraints of individual electric resources into the power aggregation system;
individually signaling the electric resources to provide power to or take power from the power grid based on the inputs in order to meet power grid needs; and scheduling, reserving or forecasting power aggregation based on the inputs.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the electric resources include electric storage systems of electric vehicles.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the power grid needs include adjusting the balance of electrical supply and demand, adjusting the grid generation mix, and adjusting the power flow in a section of the power grid including a transmission line, substation, or feeder.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the power aggregation system predicts a future availability of an electric resource based upon historical data, correlation with external events such as weather, or other factors.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the power aggregation system predicts a future power grid need based upon historical data, grid conditions, or external factors.
6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the grid conditions include a grid condition selected from the group consisting of: loss or restoration of a generation asset such as a thermal generator, loss or restoration of a transmission asset such as a high-voltage transmission line, and loss or restoration of a distribution asset such as a substation or feeder;
7. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the external factors include an external factor selected from the group consisting of: a high- or low-wind condition affecting a wind turbine generator, a high- or low-insolation condition affecting a solar photovoltaic generator, and a fuel price increase or decrease affecting fuel for a thermal generator;
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the constraints include a constraint selected from the group consisting of: price sensitivity of an owner of an electric resource, a vehicle state-of-charge, a predicted amount of time until the electric resource disconnects from a power grid, a sensitivity of an owner of an electric resource to revenue versus state-of-charge of the electric resource, electrical limits of the electric resource, and manual charging overrides by an owner of an electric resource.
9. The method as recited in claim 8, further comprising scheduling power flows for each of the electric resources based on an optimization of at least some of the power grid needs subject to constraints of the electric resources.
10. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising scheduling power flows for each of the electric resources based at least in part on an optimization of at least some constraints on the power aggregation system.
11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the constraints on an electric resource are used to assign a cost for activating each available action of the electric resource, wherein the actions include providing power to the power grid, taking power from the power grid, and storing energy from the power grid.
12. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising classifying the electric resources on lists, the lists including:
a first dynamically prioritized list of electric resources that can be activated for storing power from the power grid and providing a load for the power grid; and a second dynamically prioritized list of electric resources that can be activated for discharging and providing power to the power grid.
13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising assigning a cost to each resource on the first list and the second list, wherein the priority order of the lists is directly related to the costs.
14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising comparing two operations that achieve similar results in the power aggregation system by comparing costs on the two lists.
15. The method as recited in claim 14, further comprising selecting a lowest cost operation when there are multiple action choices.
16. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the power aggregation system selects a cost that maximizes an economic value or minimizes an environmental impact.
17. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the power aggregation system uses the cost as a temporal variable, wherein the power aggregation system predicts a look-ahead cost profile for an action as the action occurs, allowing the power aggregation system to further optimize, adaptively.
18. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising a third, static list of electric resources with hard constraints, including a constraint of overriding the power aggregation system to force charging the electric resource, wherein an electric resource on the third list takes priority over electric resources on the first and second lists in relation to the degree of hardness of the constraint of the electric resource on the third list.
19. The method as recited in claim 13, wherein assigning a cost includes determining a cost function, the cost function guided by predicting a total system availability.
20. The method as recited in claim 19, further comprising building a set of models, wherein each model is used to predict a behavior of multiple electric resources.
21. The method as recited in claim 20, further comprising grouping similar electric resources for creating the models and for assigning the electric resources to each model.
22. The method as recited in claim 21, wherein the assigning includes identifying features of each electric resource, including at least one of a number of unique connections/disconnections per day, typical connection times, average connection duration, and an average state-of-charge at connection time.
23. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein building a model further includes creating clusters of electric resources or corresponding users in a full feature space or in a reduced feature space, the feature space computed via a dimensionality reduction algorithm, including Principal Components Analysis or Random Projection.
24. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein once the electric resources or the users have been assigned to a cluster, collective data from all of the electric resources or users in that cluster are used to create the predictive model to be used for predicting a behavior of each electric resource or user in the cluster.
25. The method as recited in claim 24, further comprising using fewer clusters to increase speed of the power aggregation system or using more clusters to increase an accuracy of the power aggregation system.
CA002672422A 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources Abandoned CA2672422A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86943906P 2006-12-11 2006-12-11
US60/869,439 2006-12-11
PCT/US2007/025443 WO2008073476A2 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2672422A1 true CA2672422A1 (en) 2008-06-19

Family

ID=39512053

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002672454A Abandoned CA2672454A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
CA002672424A Abandoned CA2672424A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Connection locator in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
CA002672508A Abandoned CA2672508A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Transaction management in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
CA002672422A Abandoned CA2672422A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002672454A Abandoned CA2672454A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
CA002672424A Abandoned CA2672424A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Connection locator in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
CA002672508A Abandoned CA2672508A1 (en) 2006-12-11 2007-12-11 Transaction management in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (4) EP2099639A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2010512727A (en)
KR (5) KR20090119832A (en)
CN (1) CN101678774A (en)
BR (5) BRPI0719999A2 (en)
CA (4) CA2672454A1 (en)
IL (2) IL199293A0 (en)
MX (5) MX2009006236A (en)
WO (7) WO2008143653A2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8766595B2 (en) 2009-08-10 2014-07-01 Rwe Ag Control of charging stations
EP3689667A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-05 Green Motion SA Electrical vehicle charging station with power management

Families Citing this family (181)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8116915B2 (en) 2008-03-03 2012-02-14 University Of Delaware Methods and apparatus using hierarchical priority and control algorithms for grid-integrated vehicles
CN102089178B (en) * 2008-07-08 2013-04-17 西门子公司 Adapter device and method for charging a vehicle
DE102008046747A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-18 Hoppecke Advanced Battery Technology Gmbh Method for operating a production system and / or a local system in island operation
GB0816721D0 (en) * 2008-09-13 2008-10-22 Daniel Simon R Systems,devices and methods for electricity provision,usage monitoring,analysis and enabling improvements in efficiency
DE202008014768U1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-02-25 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Control device for a charging station for power supply and / or power supply of a mobile storage and consumption unit
DE202008014766U1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-02-25 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Mobile electricity meter for location-independent electricity purchase and / or for location-independent power supply of a mobile storage and consumption unit
DE102008044526A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG System for location-independent power purchase and / or for location-independent power supply of a mobile storage and consumption unit
US8006793B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2011-08-30 Better Place GmbH Electric vehicle battery system
US7993155B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2011-08-09 Better Place GmbH System for electrically connecting batteries to electric vehicles
JP5149753B2 (en) * 2008-09-24 2013-02-20 パナソニック株式会社 Mobile power billing system
EP2350979A1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2011-08-03 Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG Data transfer in a vehicle and charging said vehicle
JP5243180B2 (en) * 2008-10-16 2013-07-24 白川 利久 Operation method of power generation with surface-derived power generation
WO2010051477A2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Levinton Manufacturing Company, Ltd. System and method for charging a vehicle
DE202008015537U1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-04-08 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Decentralized energy efficiency through autonomous, self-organizing systems taking into account heterogeneous energy sources
DE102008037576A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-06-10 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Computer-aided process for optimizing energy use
DE102008037575A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-07-29 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Computerized process for optimizing energy usage in a local system
DE502008002830D1 (en) 2008-11-27 2011-04-21 Ubitricity Ges Fuer Verteilte Energiesysteme Mbh Counting and measuring point system for the measurement and counting of electrical energy and methods
US8324859B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2012-12-04 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for co-operative charging of electric vehicles
US8106627B1 (en) 2008-12-15 2012-01-31 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for co-operative charging of electric vehicles
US9030153B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2015-05-12 General Electric Company Systems and methods for delivering energy to an electric vehicle with parking fee collection
US8583551B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2013-11-12 General Electric Company Systems and methods for prepaid electric metering for vehicles
US8315930B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2012-11-20 General Electric Company Systems and methods for charging an electric vehicle using broadband over powerlines
US20100161469A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Nathan Bowman Littrell Systems and methods for charging an electric vehicle using a wireless communication link
US9396462B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2016-07-19 General Electric Company System and method for roaming billing for electric vehicles
US9505317B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2016-11-29 General Electric Company System and method for electric vehicle charging and billing using a wireless vehicle communication service
US9037507B2 (en) * 2009-04-28 2015-05-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method to facilitate opportunity charging of an electric vehicle
ES2350225B1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2011-11-08 Nucleo De Comunicaciones Y Control, S.L. RECHARGE CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SMART ELECTRIC WALL ELECTRIC VEHICLES.
WO2011008506A2 (en) * 2009-06-29 2011-01-20 Powergetics, Inc. High speed feedback for power load reduction using a variable generator
US8860362B2 (en) * 2009-07-31 2014-10-14 Deka Products Limited Partnership System for vehicle battery charging
WO2011021973A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Method of electrical charging
CN101998629B (en) 2009-08-28 2014-05-21 国际商业机器公司 Method, device and system for searching for virtual resources
US8118147B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2012-02-21 Better Place GmbH Cable dispensing system
US7972167B2 (en) 2009-09-14 2011-07-05 Better Place GmbH Electrical connector with a flexible blade-shaped housing with a handle with an opening
DE102009041409A1 (en) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-24 Georg, Erich W., Dr. Method for charging a battery pack
EP2481140A4 (en) * 2009-09-25 2017-10-18 LG Electronics Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling a battery
KR101045326B1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-06-30 한국전력공사 The System and Planning Method for Maximizing the Operation Benefit of Microgrid
US8294420B2 (en) * 2009-09-29 2012-10-23 Schneider Electric USA, Inc. Kiosk vehicle charging and selecting systems
EP2493719B1 (en) 2009-10-30 2018-08-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and devices for establishing communication between a first station and a second station
KR101611287B1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2016-04-11 엘지전자 주식회사 Smart metering device
US9177348B2 (en) 2010-01-05 2015-11-03 Lg Electronics Inc. Network system
US20110169447A1 (en) 2010-01-11 2011-07-14 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Electric vehicle supply equipment
US8558504B2 (en) 2010-01-11 2013-10-15 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Electric vehicle supply equipment with timer
RU2510557C1 (en) * 2010-01-14 2014-03-27 ЭлДжи ЭЛЕКТРОНИКС ИНК. Auxiliary device for powering home appliances, using intelligent network
JP5577717B2 (en) * 2010-01-25 2014-08-27 ソニー株式会社 How to manage power efficiently
US8541903B2 (en) 2010-02-03 2013-09-24 Panasonic Automotive Systems Company Of America, Division Of Panasonic Corporation Of North America Power line communication system and method
US20110196711A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Panasonic Automotive Systems Company Of America, Division Of Panasonic Corporation Of North America Content personalization system and method
KR101069058B1 (en) * 2010-02-17 2011-09-29 엘지전자 주식회사 Water Purifier Using Intelligent Power Grid
US9043038B2 (en) * 2010-02-18 2015-05-26 University Of Delaware Aggregation server for grid-integrated vehicles
IT1399055B1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2013-04-05 Beghelli Spa PLANT FOR ENERGY SUPPLY OF ELECTRIC TRACTION VEHICLES
US20110238583A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Technique for aggregating reactive power loads
EP2369710A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-28 Alcatel Lucent A method of estimating an energy demand to be covered by a supplier, corresponding computer program product, and data storage device therefor
JP2011217470A (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-27 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The System control system and computer program
JP5707050B2 (en) * 2010-04-09 2015-04-22 学校法人慶應義塾 Virtual energy trading system
DE102010016751A1 (en) 2010-05-03 2011-11-03 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Method for the location-independent receipt of electrical energy of a mobile consumption unit at a stationary charging station
DE102010021070A1 (en) * 2010-05-19 2011-11-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for regulating the stability of an electrical supply network
CN102917908B (en) 2010-05-25 2016-06-08 三菱电机株式会社 Power information management devices and Power management information system and power information management method
WO2011156776A2 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Smart electric vehicle (ev) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods
US8359132B2 (en) * 2010-06-16 2013-01-22 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. System and method for optimizing use of a battery
KR101210204B1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-12-07 엘에스산전 주식회사 System, Apparatus and Method for Charge and Discharge of Electric Energy
US8035341B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2011-10-11 Better Place GmbH Staged deployment for electrical charge spots
US8493026B2 (en) * 2010-07-21 2013-07-23 Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. System and method for ad-hoc energy exchange network
CN103190052B (en) * 2010-08-05 2016-06-08 三菱自动车工业株式会社 Power supply and demand leveling system
KR101602509B1 (en) * 2010-08-13 2016-03-11 현대중공업 주식회사 System for controlling a charging infra for a electrical vehicle
EP2420401A1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2012-02-22 Alcatel Lucent Enhanced E-car charging equipment
CA2809442A1 (en) * 2010-08-26 2012-03-29 Terafero Bvba Intelligent electronic interface for a thermal energy storage module, and methods for stored thermal energy and thermal energy storage capacity trading
CN102385002B (en) * 2010-08-27 2014-09-17 西门子公司 Intelligent electricity meter and electricity using requirement controlling system and method
KR101161982B1 (en) 2010-09-03 2012-07-03 엘에스산전 주식회사 System for Remote Management of Electric Vehicle
US20120065801A1 (en) * 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for controlling a building load in tandem with a replenishable energy source in order to increase the apparent size of the replenishable energy source
JP5658955B2 (en) 2010-09-15 2015-01-28 株式会社東芝 Information communication apparatus and information communication method
JP5630176B2 (en) * 2010-09-16 2014-11-26 ソニー株式会社 Power supply
JP5705494B2 (en) * 2010-10-06 2015-04-22 アルパイン株式会社 In-vehicle navigation device and in-vehicle storage battery charge / discharge control method
JP2012085383A (en) * 2010-10-07 2012-04-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Charge/discharge system, charge/discharge apparatus and electric vehicle
WO2012047328A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 NRG EV Services, LLC Method and system for providing a fueling solution for electric vehicle owners
CN102447294A (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-05-09 台达电子工业股份有限公司 Vehicle charge system with functions of charge efficiency control and self-adaptive charge service
JP5220078B2 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-06-26 三菱電機株式会社 In-vehicle charging / discharging device
US8594859B2 (en) * 2010-10-18 2013-11-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and system for real-time aggregation of electric vehicle information for real-time auctioning of ancillary services, and real-time lowest cost matching electric vehicle energy demand to charging services
CN102055217B (en) * 2010-10-27 2012-09-19 国家电网公司 Electric vehicle orderly charging control method and system
JP5556740B2 (en) * 2010-10-28 2014-07-23 Smk株式会社 Information providing apparatus, information providing server, and vehicle support system
JP5488419B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2014-05-14 株式会社デンソー Vehicle management system, vehicle management center
CN102529737B (en) * 2010-11-25 2014-07-09 株式会社电装 Electricity demand estimation device for estimating consumption of electrical power during movement of electric car, has estimation portion provided in vehicle to estimate electricity demand for drive of vehicle
KR20120061281A (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-13 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 System and Method for providing reactive power using electric car battery
GB2486649A (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-27 Responsiveload Ltd Remotely controlled autonomous responsive load
FR2970125B1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2019-09-06 Samson Equity Partners METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECHARGING BATTERY AND VEHICLE TO IMPLEMENT THEM
KR101222705B1 (en) * 2011-01-06 2013-01-18 가천대학교 산학협력단 Method of Allotting Dynamic Priority for Charging Electric Car in Large Scale Charging Facilities
DE102011008676A1 (en) * 2011-01-15 2012-07-19 Daimler Ag System and method for charging batteries of vehicles
JP5460622B2 (en) * 2011-02-02 2014-04-02 三菱電機株式会社 Hierarchical supply and demand control device and power system control system
WO2012120736A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2012-09-13 日本電気株式会社 Charging control system
EP2498363B1 (en) * 2011-03-10 2013-10-09 Accenture Global Services Limited Electrical distribution network improvement for plug-in electric vehicles
GB2479060B (en) 2011-03-24 2012-05-02 Reactive Technologies Ltd Energy consumption management
US8972074B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2015-03-03 General Electric Company System and method for optimal load planning of electric vehicle charging
GB2494368B (en) * 2011-04-27 2014-04-02 Ea Tech Ltd Electric power demand management
US8633678B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2014-01-21 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Electric vehicle supply equipment with over-current protection
US8232763B1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2012-07-31 General Electric Company Electric vehicle profiles for power grid operation
JP5662877B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2015-02-04 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 Battery system
JP5909906B2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2016-04-27 ソニー株式会社 Information processing apparatus, information processing method, program, recording medium, and information processing system
JP5776017B2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2015-09-09 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Storage battery charging plan support system
DE102011108381B4 (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-02-21 Audi Ag A method of assisting a person in planning a trip with an electric vehicle and motor vehicle having a navigation device
JP5850672B2 (en) * 2011-08-19 2016-02-03 Ihi運搬機械株式会社 Parking equipment
WO2013029670A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-03-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for determining the magnitude of an amount of electrical energy
EP2572922A1 (en) * 2011-09-26 2013-03-27 Alcatel Lucent Method of charging an energy storage unit
JP5701730B2 (en) * 2011-09-30 2015-04-15 株式会社東芝 Charge / discharge determination device, charge / discharge determination method, and charge / discharge determination program
WO2013063306A1 (en) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 Aker Wade Power Technologies, Llc Electric vehicle charging apparatus and method
WO2013066501A1 (en) * 2011-10-31 2013-05-10 Abb Research Ltd. Systems and methods for restoring service within electrical power systems
WO2013065419A1 (en) 2011-11-01 2013-05-10 日本電気株式会社 Charging control device, cell management device, charging control method, and recording medium
US9620970B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2017-04-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Network based management for multiplexed electric vehicle charging
KR101917077B1 (en) * 2011-12-12 2019-01-25 삼성전자주식회사 Power consumption control apparatus and method
DE112012005488T5 (en) * 2011-12-27 2014-10-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Energy Management System
JP5702000B2 (en) * 2012-01-06 2015-04-15 株式会社日立製作所 Power system stabilization system and power system stabilization method
DE102012001396A1 (en) * 2012-01-26 2013-08-01 Elektro-Bauelemente Gmbh Charging station for providing electrical energy for vehicles and method for operating a charging station
KR101890675B1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2018-08-22 엘지전자 주식회사 Smart meter for smart grid and method for performing service
EP2814687B1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2019-04-10 Accenture Global Services Limited Electric vehicle distributed intelligence
WO2013123988A2 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-29 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) System and method for consumption metering and transfer control
DE102012203121A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energy management system for charging station for e.g. electric traction vehicle, has control units adapted to implement control actions for electric power generating units and/or storage device to stabilize system
CN104205553B (en) * 2012-03-21 2017-11-10 丰田自动车株式会社 Electric vehicle, power equipment and electric power supply system
US9207698B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2015-12-08 Causam Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for actively managing electric power over an electric power grid
US9563215B2 (en) 2012-07-14 2017-02-07 Causam Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for actively managing electric power supply for an electric power grid
FR2993724B1 (en) 2012-07-17 2014-08-22 Schneider Electric Ind Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER FLOW AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
DE102012014456A1 (en) * 2012-07-21 2014-01-23 Audi Ag Method for operating a charging station
US9513648B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2016-12-06 Causam Energy, Inc. System, method, and apparatus for electric power grid and network management of grid elements
US10861112B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2020-12-08 Causam Energy, Inc. Systems and methods for advanced energy settlements, network-based messaging, and applications supporting the same on a blockchain platform
US8849715B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2014-09-30 Causam Energy, Inc. System, method, and apparatus for settlement for participation in an electric power grid
US8983669B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2015-03-17 Causam Energy, Inc. System, method, and data packets for messaging for electric power grid elements over a secure internet protocol network
US10475138B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2019-11-12 Causam Energy, Inc. Systems and methods for advanced energy network
JP5978052B2 (en) * 2012-08-02 2016-08-24 株式会社日立製作所 Distribution management system and method
WO2014031041A1 (en) 2012-08-20 2014-02-27 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Policy composing apparatus and control method therefor
US9434271B2 (en) * 2012-09-04 2016-09-06 Recargo, Inc. Conditioning an electric grid using electric vehicles
EA201590559A1 (en) * 2012-09-13 2015-10-30 Диджитата Лимитед CONSUMER MANAGEMENT OF CONSUMER TYPE SERVICES
WO2014048463A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device having a stationary buffer battery for charging electrical energy accumulators and method
US9946286B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2018-04-17 Nec Corporation Information processing apparatus, power-consuming body, information processing method, and program
EP2713463B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2018-06-13 Enrichment Technology Company Ltd. Energy storage system
US10284003B2 (en) * 2012-10-09 2019-05-07 General Electric Company End-user based backup management
EP2746093A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 Fundació Privada Barcelona Digital Centre Tecnologic Method and apparatus for optimized management of an electric vehicle charging infrastructure
US10122210B2 (en) 2012-12-28 2018-11-06 Younicos, Inc. Managing an energy storage system
EP2756981A1 (en) * 2013-01-16 2014-07-23 Abb B.V. System for exchanging energy with an electric vehicle
EP2976822A1 (en) * 2013-03-19 2016-01-27 Electricité de France Energy management device and its associated method
CN105142964B (en) * 2013-04-08 2018-04-17 持鸥徕有限公司 Location-based electric power intermediary module, electric car and intermediary server and user authentication socket or connector for location-based electric power intermediary module, electric car and intermediary server
KR101498100B1 (en) * 2013-04-08 2015-03-13 조성규 Electric car and intermediate server for location based power mediation
EP3039771B1 (en) * 2013-08-28 2018-05-09 Robert Bosch GmbH System and method for energy asset sizing and optimal dispatch
KR101456098B1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2014-11-03 한국전기연구원 Method of recognizing PLC modem location based on channel estimation
US9881270B2 (en) 2013-10-31 2018-01-30 Nec Corporation Information processing device, power-demanding object, information processing method, and non-transitory storage medium
CN103595107B (en) * 2013-12-02 2015-11-11 国家电网公司 Electric automobile charge-discharge control system and method
DE102013226415A1 (en) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for energy billing of mobile energy consumers in a power supply network and device of a mobile energy consumer for billing energy in a power grid
CN103679297A (en) * 2013-12-26 2014-03-26 杭州国电电气设备有限公司 Method and device for calculating power supply reliability of power distribution network
GB2528505A (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-27 Intelligent Energy Ltd Energy resource system
GB201420198D0 (en) * 2014-11-13 2014-12-31 Graham Oakes Ltd A system and method for controlling devices in a power distribution network
FR3031863B1 (en) * 2015-01-19 2018-07-13 Water Manager Sarl EVOLVING SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SANITARY FACILITIES BY DISTRIBUTED CONNECTED DEVICES
JP6718607B2 (en) * 2015-07-29 2020-07-08 京セラ株式会社 Management server and management method
US9977450B2 (en) * 2015-09-24 2018-05-22 Fujitsu Limited Micro-balance event resource selection
CA2951306A1 (en) * 2015-12-10 2017-06-10 Open Access Technology International, Inc. Systems to electronically catalog and generate documentation for retail-level power
KR101923698B1 (en) * 2016-03-07 2019-02-22 한국전자통신연구원 Apparatus and method for providing emergency electrical power in multiple microgrids environment
US10011183B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2018-07-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Optimized charging and discharging of a plug-in electric vehicle
KR101859067B1 (en) * 2016-06-27 2018-06-28 한전케이디엔주식회사 Information management system for electric vehicle
US11210747B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2021-12-28 University Of Vermont And State Agricultural College Systems and methods for randomized, packet-based power management of conditionally-controlled loads and bi-directional distributed energy storage systems
DE102016120575A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Tobias Mader Storage unit for a consumer and storage system
KR102007224B1 (en) * 2016-11-08 2019-10-21 주식회사 스타코프 Terminal for charging electrical vehicle, computing device and method using them
CN106875574B (en) * 2017-01-11 2020-07-14 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 Power-on resource reservation method using time fragmentation
JP7013864B2 (en) * 2017-12-28 2022-02-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 automobile
KR102061474B1 (en) * 2017-12-28 2020-01-02 한국전력공사 Electric vehicle including watt-hour meter and system for managing mobile power supplier
GB2577853B (en) * 2018-06-22 2021-03-24 Moixa Energy Holdings Ltd Systems for machine learning, optimising and managing local multi-asset flexibility of distributed energy storage resources
US11487994B2 (en) * 2018-07-19 2022-11-01 Sacramento Municipal Utility District Techniques for estimating and forecasting solar power generation
CN109638858B (en) * 2018-11-30 2021-10-15 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 Frequency modulation peak regulation method, device and system
CN109768610A (en) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-17 国家电网有限公司 The charging method and system of electric vehicle
EP3949069A1 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-02-09 Nuvve Corporation Multi-technology grid regulation service
JP7404917B2 (en) * 2020-02-14 2023-12-26 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Power management system, power management method, and power management device
US11618329B2 (en) 2020-03-17 2023-04-04 Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Executing an energy transfer directive for an idle transport
US11552507B2 (en) 2020-03-17 2023-01-10 Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Wirelessly notifying a transport to provide a portion of energy
US11890952B2 (en) 2020-03-17 2024-02-06 Toyot Motor North America, Inc. Mobile transport for extracting and depositing energy
US11685283B2 (en) 2020-03-17 2023-06-27 Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Transport-based energy allocation
US11571983B2 (en) 2020-03-17 2023-02-07 Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Distance-based energy transfer from a transport
JP7470551B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2024-04-18 本田技研工業株式会社 Bid Management Device
US11571984B2 (en) 2020-04-21 2023-02-07 Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Load effects on transport energy
JP6781493B1 (en) * 2020-05-11 2020-11-04 株式会社Luup Operations support system
CN111753097B (en) * 2020-06-22 2023-11-14 国能日新科技股份有限公司 Deep learning-based data analysis method and device for electric power spot transaction clearance
GB2598728A (en) * 2020-09-08 2022-03-16 Measurable Ltd Power socket for reducing wastage of electrical energy and related aspects
CN113036898A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-25 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Novel household electric energy router system and control method
US12038726B2 (en) 2021-08-13 2024-07-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods and systems for managing vehicle-grid integration
FI20216007A1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-03-30 Kempower Oy Apparatus, arrangement, charging apparatus, method and computer program product for controlling charging event
CN114274827B (en) * 2021-12-06 2024-05-17 上海电享信息科技有限公司 Charging station control system combining cloud service with local control
US11747781B1 (en) 2022-03-21 2023-09-05 Nuvve Corporation Intelligent local energy management system at local mixed power generating sites for providing grid services
US11695274B1 (en) 2022-03-21 2023-07-04 Nuvve Corporation Aggregation platform for intelligent local energy management system
CN115086435B (en) * 2022-06-14 2024-05-14 上海臻绅智能科技有限公司 Intelligent energy comprehensive distribution control system

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998034673A1 (en) * 1997-02-12 1998-08-13 Prolifix Medical, Inc. Apparatus for removal of material from stents
US7216043B2 (en) * 1997-02-12 2007-05-08 Power Measurement Ltd. Push communications architecture for intelligent electronic devices
US6157292A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-12-05 Digital Security Controls Ltd. Power distribution grid communication system
WO2001006432A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Ebidenergy.Com User interface to facilitate, analyze and manage resource consumption
JP3782924B2 (en) * 2000-07-27 2006-06-07 日本電信電話株式会社 Distributed energy community system and its control method
KR100402228B1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2003-10-17 주식회사 젤파워 method and system for power supply broker using communication network and power demand controller
US6673479B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2004-01-06 Hydrogenics Corporation System and method for enabling the real time buying and selling of electricity generated by fuel cell powered vehicles
JP2003259696A (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-12 Jfe Engineering Kk Generation control method and program thereof
BR0308702A (en) * 2002-03-28 2005-02-09 Robertshaw Controls Co Power supply management system and method, thermostat device and power request bypass method
JP2004222176A (en) * 2003-01-17 2004-08-05 Sony Corp Communication system and communication method
US7259474B2 (en) * 2003-04-09 2007-08-21 Utstarcom, Inc. Method and apparatus for aggregating power from multiple sources
US20050125243A1 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-09 Villalobos Victor M. Electric power shuttling and management system, and method
US7296117B2 (en) * 2004-02-12 2007-11-13 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for aggregating storage devices
JP2006204081A (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-08-03 Hitachi Ltd Supply and demand adjusting method, system and service by distributed power source
JP2006331405A (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-12-07 Ntt Facilities Inc Secondary battery supply system and secondary battery supply method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8766595B2 (en) 2009-08-10 2014-07-01 Rwe Ag Control of charging stations
EP3689667A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-05 Green Motion SA Electrical vehicle charging station with power management
WO2020157688A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-06 Green Motion Sa Electrical vehicle charging station with power management
US11865942B2 (en) 2019-01-30 2024-01-09 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electrical vehicle charging station with power management

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010512727A (en) 2010-04-22
BRPI0720301A2 (en) 2014-02-04
WO2008073470A3 (en) 2008-08-21
WO2008143653A2 (en) 2008-11-27
WO2008073477A2 (en) 2008-06-19
IL199293A0 (en) 2010-03-28
WO2008073472A3 (en) 2008-08-07
MX2009006236A (en) 2010-02-11
WO2008073453A1 (en) 2008-06-19
BRPI0719999A2 (en) 2014-03-18
CA2672454A1 (en) 2008-06-19
KR20090119832A (en) 2009-11-20
MX2009006237A (en) 2010-02-11
BRPI0720300A2 (en) 2014-02-04
EP2115686A2 (en) 2009-11-11
KR20090119831A (en) 2009-11-20
BRPI0720002A2 (en) 2013-12-17
WO2008073476A3 (en) 2008-08-07
WO2008073470A2 (en) 2008-06-19
BRPI0719998A2 (en) 2014-03-18
MX2009006240A (en) 2010-02-11
WO2008143653A3 (en) 2009-04-16
MX2009006239A (en) 2010-02-11
EP2097289A2 (en) 2009-09-09
CN101678774A (en) 2010-03-24
KR20090119754A (en) 2009-11-19
WO2008073477A3 (en) 2008-08-07
EP2102028A1 (en) 2009-09-23
CA2672508A1 (en) 2008-11-27
IL199291A0 (en) 2010-03-28
WO2008073476A2 (en) 2008-06-19
WO2008073474A2 (en) 2008-06-19
KR20100014304A (en) 2010-02-10
MX2009006238A (en) 2010-02-11
WO2008073474A3 (en) 2008-08-07
KR20090119833A (en) 2009-11-20
WO2008073472A2 (en) 2008-06-19
CA2672424A1 (en) 2008-06-19
EP2099639A2 (en) 2009-09-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10892639B2 (en) Connection locator in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
US7844370B2 (en) Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
US7949435B2 (en) User interface and user control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
US7747739B2 (en) Connection locator in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
CA2672422A1 (en) Scheduling and control in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
US20200055418A1 (en) Power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
US20090043519A1 (en) Electric Resource Power Meter in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20090066287A1 (en) Business Methods in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20080052145A1 (en) Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20080040295A1 (en) Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20090043520A1 (en) User Interface and User Control in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20080040296A1 (en) Electric Resource Power Meter in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20080040223A1 (en) Electric Resource Module in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20080039979A1 (en) Smart Islanding and Power Backup in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources
US20080040263A1 (en) Business Methods in a Power Aggregation System for Distributed Electric Resources

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FZDE Discontinued

Effective date: 20131211