ES2350225B1 - RECHARGE CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SMART ELECTRIC WALL ELECTRIC VEHICLES. - Google Patents

Abstract

Recharge control system and method of electric vehicles for smart energy networks. The system understands:

- a local controller (3) in each enclosure (4) where the electric vehicle (1) is recharged, connected by the cable of power (5) and comprising:

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means to communicate by cable (5) with the on-board controller (2) of the vehicle (one);

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processing means for:

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identify the vehicle (1);

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get reload parameters and send them to a transformation center controller (6);

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calculate maximum power Deliverable to the vehicle (1) according to a charging program;

- a transformation center controller (6) in each transformation center (7) in charge of:

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calculate a load schedule optimized for the vehicle (1) depending on the state of charge of the transformation center (7), vehicle recharge parameters (1) And the cost of recharging;

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send said loading program to the local controller (3).

Description

Recharge control system and method of electric vehicles for smart energy networks.

Field of the Invention

The present invention is encompassed within the field of electric charging systems, and more specifically applied to intelligent control of large-scale cargo (even cities) of electric vehicles, preferably cars electric

Background of the invention

Patent document US2008007202-A1 discloses a control system for the electric vehicle charging comprising two levels of control, one local and another central related to the electrical network of which comes the energy that is used for charging. These two levels of control communicate with each other the necessary information to optimize the load taking into account fundamentally two aspects: the time and duration of the load and the cost (depending on the network situation). Communication between local controls and network can be done using systems such as the use of networks of mobile telephony. Cost optimization is done using geographical parameters (point of the network where you want to recharge the vehicle) as well as load levels.

Patent document CN1569512 describes a centralized multi-vehicle load control system electric The system works by layers or levels: the most internal directly manages the battery, the second is at the vehicle level and the third is an interface that communicates with the charging station and with the control system of the power grid.

Patent document GB2446694-A discloses a method to recharge batteries of hybrid electric vehicles from the network electrical, which includes determining the amount of time needed to recharge the battery, determine the moment at which it is desired for the recharge to complete, transmit these parameters to the network electric in order to recharge at times of projected demand for valle and that ends not after the moment set. Therefore, the object of said invention is to control the recharge taking into account two parameters: the recharge time and the price of the same depending on whether it occurs in valley hours or tip from an electrical demand point of view, which Determine the punctual price of energy.

The present invention provides a series of Advantages regarding the state of the art:

- Secure user identification. The communications between the vehicle and the local controller through the supply line itself using PLC technology, allows the secure identification of the vehicle and, therefore, of the user of the power grid for the entire duration of the operation of recharge This security is inherent in the fact of using the same physical support for energy transfer and exchange of information by communications. In the documents of the state of art PLC communication is not used nor are mechanisms used user authentication.

- Energy meter functions. At Document GB2446694-To the electric company can estimate the cost of recharging from the parameters of the Charging: download speed, recharge duration and time of start. However, the fact that the local controller is equipped with or perform the functions of energy meter allows to determine, not estimate, the precise cost of recharging.

- Dynamic power limiter. In the State of the art documents are not contemplated mechanisms of power limitation beyond the derivatives of the electrical installation of the charging facility and its circuits fuses A proposed mechanism incorporates a mechanism of dynamic power limiter. Said limiter will cut the supply in case it exceeds a certain amount (parameterizable) the energy or power supplied to the charger, in relation to what is established in the loading program.

- Obtaining the optimized load program (corresponding to the recharge), identifying the parameters relevant for obtaining an optimal loading program:

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Number of recharge requests of vehicles planned for the same transformation center and, more specifically, in a certain line of the center of transformation.

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Instant center consumption of transformation

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Historic consumption center of transformation for the rest of clients (domestic and / or industrial).

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Center consumption limits transformation, which are determined by the limitations own transformer center and load limitations which can dynamically establish the upper center.

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User load profile, according to which each user has set according to the time, a power limit and a price of the energy consumed.

- Solution consultation service recharge alternatives. This service can be provided on the same system infrastructure, offering the user a consultation and selection mechanism that would allow you to optimize recharge conditions, cost and / or duration. The system allows inform the user, through the local controller interface, of the new recharging conditions and their estimated cost.

- Nested structure of the architecture of the management and control system of the electric company. In the system hierarchical and distributed that is proposed, each component implements functionality based on the information available at each point and in the optimization of system resources. Based on these premises, there is a control and management system of the company electrical, also structured in its different components: local controller, transformation center controller and center Network control

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The proposed system provides different advantages:

- For the power grid:

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The system allows you to manage the high demand for energy required by recharging the batteries of electric vehicles, thus avoiding the dangerous overloads that could occur in the different steps of the network if this Recharge is done uncontrollably.

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Minimize the need for investments to expand the capacity of the electricity grid, thanks to the optimal use of this capacity.

- For vehicles, users of the same and a half ambient:

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Optimize the cost of energy for the user and thus make maximum use of this clean energy against the use of conventional fuels. In general this is an advantage since the contribution of renewable energies can be higher in power generation.

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Description of the invention

The invention relates to a control system recharging electric vehicles for power networks smart according to claim 1 and a method of according to claim 10. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

The recharge control system comprises:

- a local controller in each enclosure where recharges at least one electric vehicle, being connected said local controller to each vehicle through the cable of power by which the recharge is carried out, comprising said local controller:

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first media configured to communicate, via PLC via the cable power, with the on-board controller of each vehicle to recharge;

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second media configured to communicate with a center controller transformation;

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measuring means of the power and energy supplied to each vehicle;

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data processing media configured to:

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make a secure identification of each vehicle to be recharged through the first means of communication;

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obtain, for each vehicle to be recharged, recharge parameters, including in said parameters at least the recharge energy to be supplied;

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Send said parameters for recharging each vehicle to a driver of the transformation center through the second means of communication;

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calculate the maximum power that can absorb each vehicle at any time from a program of load received from said controller from the center of transformation;

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notify each vehicle to recharge the maximum power that can be absorbed in every moment;

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ensure that power consumption Instant vehicle recharge does not exceed maximum power calculated, acting as instantaneous power limiter in case that it be overcome;

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to size the energy supplied to the vehicle to recharge and calculate the amount Of the same;

- a transformation center controller in each transformation center that participates in the control system recharge, connected with at least one local controller and in charge from:

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receive, from the local controller to which it is connected, the recharging parameters of each vehicle to recharge;

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get the state of charge global transformation center;

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calculate a load schedule optimized for each vehicle based on at least that state of load of the transformation center, the recharge parameters of the corresponding vehicle to recharge and the cost of the recharge

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send said loading program to the corresponding local controller.

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In a preferred embodiment the system of recharge control additionally comprises a control center of network connected to the different center controllers of transformation involved in the recharge control system, said network control center being configured to:

- receive, from a plurality of controllers of transformation center, the aggregates of all the programs of cargo set for different vehicles;

- calculate, using this information received, the forecasts of global consumption in the network;

- send to the center controller transformation associated with each vehicle to recharge, a profile of load in which the limit of power and the price of energy depending on the time of the recharge

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The transformation center controllers they are also configured to use the information received from load profile to calculate the load schedule for each vehicle.

The data processing means of Local controller are preferably configured to:

- periodically compare during recharge of each vehicle the measure of power or energy supplied to each with the measure of the power or energy that the corresponding vehicle is receiving, the latter being received from the corresponding vehicle through the first media;

- periodically check during recharge of each vehicle that the connected vehicle remains the same as the who requested the recharge, periodically comparing the identification of the vehicle connected against the identification of the vehicle that Recharged requested.

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The local controller can be additionally configured for:

- get from each vehicle to recharge the maximum power you can receive;

- cut off the supply in case it exceed the power supplied to the vehicle by a certain parameterizable quantity.

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The reload parameters can be, between others, the maximum allowable price, the maximum recharge duration or end time and the desired recharge condition.

The system can comprise an interface connected to the local controller through which you can Select desired reload parameters.

Each local controller preferably has of a default load program to apply in case of failure in communications with the center controller of transformation.

Each transformation center controller can be configured to calculate the load schedule additionally based on at least one of the following parameters:

- vehicle recharge requests planned for the same transformation center and, more specifically, in a certain line of the corresponding center of transformation;

- instant consumption of the corresponding center of transformation;

- historical consumption of the center of transformation;

- consumption limits of the center of transformation.

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The data processing means can be configured to make the secure identification of each vehicle to be recharged through an alphanumeric number or chain of unique identification provided by the on-board computer of the vehicle.

Another aspect of the present invention is a electric vehicle recharge control method for networks smart energy, recharging through a local controller in each enclosure where the recharge of at minus an electric vehicle, said controller being connected local to each vehicle through the power cable through which recharges

The method comprises:

- make an identification of each vehicle a recharge via communication with the on-board controller corresponding, said communication established by PLC a through the power cable;

- obtain, for each vehicle to be recharged, some reload parameters, including in said parameters at least the recharge power to supply;

- send these recharge parameters for each vehicle to a transformation center controller;

- get said center controller from transformation the load state of the transformation center;

- calculate the center controller of transformation a loading program based on at least said load status of the transformation center and the parameters of recharge of the corresponding vehicle to recharge;

- send the transformation center controller said loading program to the local controller;

- calculate the maximum power it can absorb each vehicle at every moment from the loading program received from said controller of the transformation center;

- communicate, via PLC, to each vehicle to recharge the maximum power that can be absorbed in each moment;

- ensure that power consumption Instant vehicle recharge does not exceed maximum power calculated, limiting the instantaneous power in case it is surpassed;

- measure the energy supplied to the vehicle a recharge and calculate the amount of it.

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There may be a center controller of transformation in each transformation center that participates in the recharge control method. In that case the method may comprise further:

- receive, from a network control center connected to the different center controllers of transformation, aggregates of all loading programs established for different vehicles;

- calculate, using this information received, the consumption forecasts of the center;

- use the information received to calculate the loading program for each vehicle.

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The method may also comprise cutting the local controller the supply in case it exceeds in a certain parameterizable amount of energy or power supplied to the vehicle, in relation to what is established in the loading program correspondent.

A loading program can be applied by defect in case of communication failure between the controller of the transformation center and the local controller correspondent.

The method preferably comprises calculating the charging program additionally based on at least one of the following parameters:

- vehicle recharge requests planned for the same transformation center and, more specifically, in a certain line of the corresponding center of transformation;

- instant consumption of the corresponding center of transformation;

- historical consumption of the center of transformation;

- consumption limits of the center of transformation.

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Brief description of the drawings

Then it goes on to describe very brief a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention presented as a non-limiting example of is.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the system of load control object of the invention.

Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

The present invention is about a system hierarchical control of four levels in which the following components:

- On-board controller 2. It is the lower level and consists of a controller module on board vehicle 1, integrated with the on-board computer. It communicates with the local controller 3.

- Local controller 3. This level is constituted by the local control team that attends the Power recharge needs of a set of vehicles 1 in same local environment or enclosure 4. This local control team, local controller 3, will be located at the charging point of energy that can currently be identified with a garage or similar, be it individual or collective, public or private.

- Transformation center controller 6. It will be located in transformation center 7, performing (in communication with local controllers 3) management of charging points fed from the transformation center 7. The transformation center 7 has the elements (transformers and others) to convert the medium voltage (MT) to low voltage (BT) of 230 volts nominal.

- Network control center 8. In communication with the transformation centers 7 it performs demand management in wide geographical areas of the electricity grid.

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They are described in more detail below. the different components of the system.

The on-board controller 2 consists of the controller itself, including a module communications and by the elements of presentation and entry of data, which is integrated into the on-board computer and to which we will call driver interface, necessary for the user Can manage the recharge of your vehicle.

The system works so that the management of recharging can be done, either from the driver interface to vehicle board, or from an interface located in the local controller 3. Through any of them the user may:

- Obtain the instant load data of the batteries

- Set the parameters that control the recharge

- View other useful information, such such as the history of recharges and the incidents.

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The on-board controller 2 monitors and manages charging the batteries, and communicates with the on-board computer using the information of the vehicle registered in this one (capacity of its batteries, etc.) to obtain the recharge service The on-board controller 2 also communicates with the local controller 3 through the communications module.

The functions performed by the controller of a board 2 are as follows:

1) General functions of the controller of a board 2.

Communicate with local controller 3 with authentication of the identity of the vehicle and the driver, to billing effects of energy.

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Check the charge of the batteries respecting certain conditions:

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Do not exceed the consumption limit received from the local controller 3.

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Load only up to the level required by the user.

Make sure, to avoid fraud, that it is the authenticated vehicle that really receives the energy that is is supplying This function is done in conjunction with the local controller 3, and for this it is compared during charging with a appropriate algorithm the measure in local controller 3 of the power supplied with the measurement on the on-board controller 2 of the received power.

Communication will be done using technology PLC (Power Line Carrier) via the same power cable 5 that joins vehicle 1 with the power point and with the controller local 3. This method also helps to avoid the possible fraud.

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2) Control functions from the interface of driver:

Set the required level of charge of the batteries (in%).

Set the deadline at which It requires that the load be made.

Optionally, set a price KWh limit for loading.

Disrupt the load in progress.

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3) Information functions of the interface driver:

Current load level.

Report of the latest charges performed: in KWh,% of battery capacity, total price and Price per KWh.

Information about incidents.

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For its part, the main function of Local controller 3 is servicing and managing the recharge service required by the user, as well as their billing. Also in order that demand management can be performed, the controller local 3 must agree with transformation center 7 the user load programs based on established data by users

Local controller 3 must perform the following functions:

The energy counter function of the Consumption made. This information will be sent to the controller of the transformation center 6.

Inform the controller of the center of 6 transformation of the power recharge request of the user and of the parameters established by him for the load (maximum allowable price, charge duration, etc.).

Calculate power limit value a from the load program received from the center controller transformation 6.

Establish and control a program of default load in case of absence of communications with the transformation center controller 6.

Power limiter function dynamic. It will cut the power in conditions of prolonged consumption higher than the one established by the loading program.

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As indicated above, the driver interface functions will also be provided from the local controller 3. For this, the driver must authenticate by means of a secure identification card.
cation

Communication of local controller 3 with the transformation center controller 6 may be by PLC or by other media.

The transformation center controller 6 it is located in transformation center 7 and is a team telemanaged Performs local monitoring and control functions of the transformation center 7. Communicate down with the centers of local control, local controllers 3, and up with the network control center 8. Performs the following functions:

Receive from local controllers 3 the user's need for power recharge and the maximum price allowed by the user.

Gets from the center elements of transformation 7 direct information of the center load status of transformation 7, in order to avoid local overloads of consumption.

Receive from network control center 8 the additional limitations to apply to consumption at the center level of transformation 7 and at the client level, with time discrimination dynamic, specifying for each hour the power limit and the energy price.

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With all this information, the controller of transformation center 6 calculates a load program that optimizes the price for the user and respect the limitations of the network, and send this program to local controller 3 (or local controllers) under his supervision, which is transferred to the user through the driver interface

It also calculates an aggregate of all loading programs and send this added program to the center of network control 8.

For its part, the network control center 8 provides at the lower level the additional limitations to apply to consumption at the transformation center level 7 and also at the level of client, with dynamic time discrimination. To do this, send to transformation center controller 6 a load profile that specify for each hour and customer the power limit and the energy price.

The network control center 8 receives from the transformation center controllers 6 the aggregate of the established loading programs, and use this information, between others, to calculate consumption forecasts in the network.

The system can have functionality additional consisting of providing the user with an interface to consult and select from the charging point, solutions recharge alternatives that offer the user other advantages, either in relation to the total cost of the recharge or its duration, penalizing, for example, the level of total load supplied in the recharge period. The system would inform the user, through of the local controller interface, of the new conditions of recharge and its estimated cost, allowing the user to select the Recharge condition desired.

Claims (15)

1. Control system for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks, characterized in that it comprises: - a local controller (3) in each enclosure (4) where the recharging of at least one electric vehicle (1) is carried out, said local controller (3) being connected to each vehicle (1) a through the power cable (5) by which the recharge is carried out, said local controller (3) comprising:

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first media configured to communicate, via PLC via the cable power (5), with the on-board controller (2) of each vehicle (1) to recharge;

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second media configured to communicate with a center controller transformation (6);

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measuring means of the power and energy supplied to each vehicle (1);

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data processing media configured to:

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make a secure identification of each vehicle (1) to be recharged through the first means of communication;

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obtain, for each vehicle (1) a recharge, recharge parameters, including in said parameters at least the recharge energy to be supplied;

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Send said parameters for recharging each vehicle to a driver of the transformation center (6) through the second means of communication;

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calculate the maximum power that can absorb each vehicle (1) at any time from a program of load received from said transformation center controller (6);

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notify each vehicle (1) to recharge the maximum power that can be absorbed in each moment;

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ensure that power consumption Instant vehicle (1) to recharge does not exceed the maximum power calculated, acting as instantaneous power limiter in case that it be overcome;

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to size the energy supplied to the vehicle (1) to be recharged and calculate the amount thereof;

- a transformation center controller (6) in each transformation center (7) that participates in the system of recharge control, connected with at least one local controller (3) and in charge of:

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receive, from the local controller (3) to which it is connected, the recharge parameters of each vehicle (1) to recharge;

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get the state of charge global transformation center (7);

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calculate a load schedule optimized for each vehicle (1) based on at least said state of charge of the transformation center (7), the parameters of recharge of the corresponding vehicle (1) to be recharged and the cost of the recharge

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send said loading program to the corresponding local controller (3).

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2. Control system for recharging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it additionally comprises a network control center (8) connected to the different transformation center controllers (6) participating in the system of recharge control, said network control center (8) being configured to: - receive, from a plurality of controllers of transformation center (6), aggregates of all programs of load established for the different vehicles (1); - calculate, using this information received, the forecasts of global consumption in the network; - send to the center controller transformation (6) associated with each vehicle (1) to recharge, a load profile in which it is specified, for said vehicle, the power limit and the price of energy depending on the time of recharging; and because the center controllers of transformation (6) are configured to use the information received from the load profile to calculate the load schedule for each vehicle (1).

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3. Control system for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data processing means of the local controller (3) are additionally configured to: - periodically compare during recharge of each vehicle (1) the measure of power or energy supplied to each one with the measure of the power or energy that the corresponding vehicle is receiving, the latter being received from the corresponding vehicle (1) through the first media; - periodically check during recharge of each vehicle (1) that the connected vehicle remains the same than the one who requested the recharge, periodically comparing the identification of the connected vehicle against the identification of the vehicle that requested recharging.

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4. Control system for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the local controller (3) is configured to: - obtain from each vehicle (1) to recharge the maximum power you can receive; - cut off the supply in case it exceed the power supplied to the vehicle (1) in a certain parameterizable quantity.

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5. Control system for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging parameters additionally include at least one of the following: - the maximum allowable price; - the maximum recharge duration or time of ending; - the desired recharge condition.

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6. Electric vehicle recharge control system for intelligent energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an interface connected to the local controller (3) through which desired recharge parameters can be selected. 7. Control system for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each local controller (3) has a default charging program to be applied in case of failure in communications with the controller of the transformation center (6). 8. Electric vehicle recharge control system for intelligent energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each transformation center controller (6) is configured to calculate the charging program additionally based on at least one of the following parameters: - vehicle recharge requests planned for the same transformation center (7) and, more specifically, in a certain line of the corresponding center for transformation (7); - instant consumption of the corresponding center for transformation (7); - historical consumption of the center of transformation (7); - consumption limits of the center of transformation (7).

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9. Control system for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data processing means are configured to carry out the safe identification of each vehicle (1) to be recharged through a number or alphanumeric unique identification string provided by the on-board computer (2) of the vehicle. 10. Control method for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks, by means of a local controller (3) in each enclosure (4) where at least one electric vehicle is recharged (1), said connection being connected local controller (3) to each vehicle (1) through the power cable (5) by which the recharge is carried out, characterized in that it comprises: - make an identification of each vehicle (1) to be recharged by communication with the on-board controller (2) corresponding, said communication established by PLC a through the power cable (5); - obtain, for each vehicle (1) to be recharged, recharge parameters, including in said parameters at least the recharge energy to be supplied; - send these recharge parameters for each vehicle to a transformer center controller (6); - get said center controller from transformation (6) the state of charge of the transformation center (7); - calculate the center controller of transformation (6) a loading program based on at least said state of charge of the transformation center (7) and the recharging parameters of the corresponding vehicle (1) a recharge; - send the transformation center controller (6) said loading program to the local controller (3); - calculate the maximum power it can absorb each vehicle (1) at each instant from the loading program received from said processing center controller (6); - communicate, by PLC, to each vehicle (1) to recharge the maximum power that can be absorbed in each moment; - ensure that power consumption Instant vehicle (1) to recharge does not exceed the maximum power calculated, limiting the instantaneous power in case it is surpassed; - measure the energy supplied to the vehicle (1) to recharge and calculate the amount of it.

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11. Method of recharging control of electric vehicles for intelligent energy networks according to claim 10, with a transformation center controller (6) in each transformation center (7) participating in the recharge control method, characterized in that it comprises further: - receive, from a network control center (8) connected to the different transformation center controllers (6), the aggregates of all loading programs established for the different vehicles (1); - calculate, using this information received, the consumption forecasts of the center; - use the information received to calculate the loading program for each vehicle (1).

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12. Control method for charging electric vehicles for intelligent energy networks according to any of claims 10-11, characterized in that it further comprises: - cut off the local controller (3) the supply in case the energy or power supplied to the vehicle (1) is exceeded by a certain parameterizable amount, in relation to what is established in the corresponding charging program
tooth.

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13. Electric vehicle recharge control system for intelligent energy networks according to any of claims 10-12, characterized in that the charging parameters additionally include at least one of the following: - the maximum allowable price; - the maximum recharge duration or time of ending; - the desired recharge condition.

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14. Control method for charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of claims 10-13, characterized in that a default charging program is applied in case of communications failure between the transformer center controller (6 ) and the corresponding local controller (3). 15. Control method of charging electric vehicles for smart energy networks according to any of claims 10-14, characterized in that it comprises calculating the charging program additionally based on at least one of the following parameters: - vehicle recharge requests planned for the same transformation center (7) and, more specifically, in a certain line of the corresponding center for transformation (7); - instant consumption of the corresponding center for transformation (7); - historical consumption of the center of transformation (7); - consumption limits of the center of transformation (7).