JP6432816B2 - Power management system, control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power management system that uses power from a battery mounted on an electric vehicle by a consumer, and a control device that controls the operation of the power management system.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an apartment house, a technique has been proposed in which high-voltage power is stepped down to low-voltage power and low-voltage power is supplied to each consumer (for example, see Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 describes a technique for preventing excess contract power by using a power storage device and controlling charging / discharging of the power storage device following a load.

JP 2006-288015 A

  Since the technique described in Patent Document 1 employs a dedicated power storage device, there is a problem that the cost for introducing the equipment is high.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a power management system that contributes to a reduction in equipment cost, and further to provide a power management device used in the power management system.

The power management system according to the present invention is connected to a power distribution network that supplies power to a plurality of consumers occupying a building, and can operate to supply power from a battery for traveling mounted on an electric vehicle to the power distribution network. When the electric vehicle is connected to the electric power converter, the electric power measurement device that monitors electric power consumed in the building, and the electric power converter, the identification information of the electric vehicle is acquired from the electric vehicle. And an authentication unit that determines whether or not the identification information of the electric vehicle acquired from the electric vehicle is included in the identification information that has been read from the electric vehicle and registered in advance in a registration operation, and the power measurement device An instruction unit that instructs the power converter to supply power to the power distribution network from the battery mounted on the electric vehicle in which the identification information is registered according to the power monitored by And butterflies.

  In this power management system, the power management system further includes power receiving / transforming equipment that collectively receives and lowers the power supplied to the consumer in the building from a power system that is a high-voltage distribution line, and the distribution network is stepped down by the power receiving / transforming equipment. It is preferable to distribute the generated power to the consumer.

  In the power management system, the power management system further includes a prediction unit that predicts whether or not the power monitored by the power measurement device exceeds a preset limit value, and the instruction unit includes the prediction unit by the prediction unit. It is preferable to instruct the power converter to supply power from the battery to the distribution network when it is predicted that the monitored power may exceed the limit value.

  In this power management system, the power management system further includes a registration unit that registers a travel schedule including a time zone and a travel distance in which the electric vehicle is used, and the instruction unit has a lower limit value of the remaining capacity of the battery based on the travel schedule It is preferable to limit the amount of power discharged from the battery based on the lower limit value.

  In this power management system, the power management system further includes a registration unit for registering a travel schedule including a time zone and a travel distance in which the electric vehicle is used, and the instruction unit includes information on the travelable distance predicted by the electric vehicle. It is preferable that the amount of power discharged from the battery is limited so that the lower limit value of the travelable distance received from the vehicle is the travel distance included in the travel schedule.

  In this power management system, it is preferable to further include a settlement unit that integrates the amount of power collected in a predetermined period for each identification information of the electric vehicle.

  A control device according to the present invention is used in the power management system described above, and includes the authentication unit and the instruction unit.

  According to the configuration of the present invention, power can be supplied from the battery mounted on the electric vehicle used by the customer occupying the building to the distribution network of the building, so compared with the case where a dedicated power storage device is introduced. Then, it becomes possible to aim at reduction of equipment cost. Further, according to the present invention, since electric power is supplied from a previously registered electric vehicle by performing authentication of the electric vehicle, it is possible to prevent erroneous use of electric power of the non-target electric vehicle. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to manage the electric vehicle that has supplied power and the amount of supplied power by performing authentication.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a first embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram same as the above. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a third embodiment. It is a circuit diagram which shows the switching apparatus used for the same as the above. FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a fourth embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power management system described below includes a power converter 161, a power measurement device (watt hour meter 112), an authentication unit 157, and an instruction unit 153. The power converter 161 is connected to a power distribution network 31 that supplies power to a plurality of consumers 12 occupying the building (the apartment house 10), and the power of the battery 21 for traveling mounted on the electric vehicle 20 is distributed to the power distribution network 31. It is possible to supply to The power measuring device monitors the power consumed in the building. When the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the power converter 161, the authentication unit 157 determines whether the identification information of the electric vehicle 20 is registered in advance. The instruction unit 153 instructs the power converter 161 to supply power to the distribution network 31 from the battery 21 mounted on the electric vehicle 20 in which the identification information is registered, according to the power monitored by the power measurement device. .

  The power management system desirably includes a power receiving / transforming facility 110 that collectively receives and lowers the power supplied to the customer 12 in the building from the power system 30 that is a high-voltage distribution line. In this case, the power distribution network 31 distributes the power stepped down by the power receiving / transforming facility 110 to the customer 12.

  In addition, the power management system preferably includes a prediction unit 155 that predicts whether or not the power monitored by the power measurement device exceeds a preset limit value. In this case, the instruction unit 153 supplies power from the battery 21 to the distribution network 31 when the prediction unit 155 predicts that the power monitored by the power measurement device may exceed the limit value. Instruct the power converter 161.

  Furthermore, the power management system desirably includes a registration unit 156 in which a travel schedule including a time zone and a travel distance in which the electric vehicle 20 is used is registered. In this case, the instruction unit 153 calculates the lower limit value of the remaining capacity of the battery 21 based on the travel schedule, and limits the amount of power discharged from the battery 21 based on the lower limit value.

  When the power management system includes the registration unit 156, the instruction unit 153 receives information on the travelable distance predicted by the electric vehicle 20 from the electric vehicle 20, and the travel schedule includes a lower limit value of the travelable distance. You may restrict | limit the electric energy discharged from the battery 21 so that it may become a distance.

  In addition, the power management system preferably includes a settlement unit 158 that integrates the amount of power collected in a predetermined period for each identification information of the electric vehicle 20.

  The control device 15 described below is used in the power management system described above, and includes an authentication unit 157 and an instruction unit 153.

  Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in detail. In the following, a case where high-voltage collective power reception is performed in an apartment house is illustrated, but the technology described below can be applied to a tenant building or the like as long as it is a building in which a plurality of consumers occupy. Here, high-voltage collective power reception means receiving power from a high-voltage distribution line in a building and supplying power to each consumer after stepping down the voltage in the building.

  Building managers (for example, management associations, management companies, etc.) pay compensation to electric utilities (for example, power companies) for the amount of power received collectively from high-voltage distribution lines, and from each customer , Receive compensation according to the amount of power allocated. Generally speaking, the unit price of the power received from the high-voltage distribution line is lower than the unit price of the power received from the low-voltage distribution line. Therefore, there is an advantage that the payment of the electricity charge can be reduced for the consumer.

  In the following embodiments, the electricity charges paid by the building manager to the electric utility are divided into a basic charge in which the unit price is set according to the maximum value of the power used, and the unit price is stepwise according to the amount of power used. An example is a case in which the total amount of power charges is set to increase. The calculation method of electricity charges is determined by the contract. For example, there are cases where the basic charge is set independently for each month and where the basic charge determined by the maximum monthly power in the past year is applied. is there. In the latter case, if the maximum value of monthly power exceeds the maximum value of monthly power in the past year, the basic charge will increase in the next year.

  Depending on the contract with the electric power company, not only the maximum value of the monthly power but also the maximum value of the month may be used for the amount of power every predetermined period (for example, 30 minutes). In addition, if the received power exceeds a limit value set by a contract with an electric power company, the manager of the building may pay an excess fee to the electric power company. Furthermore, in the case where electric power is traded in the market, the building manager may pay a penalty to the electric power company if the amount of electric power to be received exceeds the amount of trade that has been agreed.

  Below, the case where the electric power received so that the maximum value of the electric power in a month may not exceed the set limit value is demonstrated as an example. However, as in the above-described various examples, when the power or the amount of power exceeds a predetermined value, the technology described below can be applied even when an excess fee is generated in consideration paid to the electric power company. That is, when there is a possibility that an excess charge may occur, the occurrence of the excess charge is suppressed by adopting the following technology.

  In the embodiment described below, description will be made assuming that the electric vehicle 20 is a storage battery, such as an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, and an electric motorcycle. However, the technical idea of the embodiment described below is applicable even if the electric vehicle 20 is a fuel cell vehicle. In the fuel cell vehicle, the traveling battery 21 is a fuel cell.

  When the following technique is applied only to the fuel cell vehicle, an apparatus having a function of performing only discharge control may be used instead of an apparatus for controlling charging and discharging, such as a charger / discharger 16 described later. When the charger / discharger 16 can receive a signal indicating the type from the electric vehicle 20, or when the charger / discharger 16 can notify the type of the electric vehicle, the charger / discharger 16 It is configured to control charging or discharging according to the type. In the following, the symbol “21” is used for the storage battery 21.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a power management system described in the present embodiment. The electrical room 11 of the apartment house 10 is provided with facilities for receiving power from the 6600 V high-voltage distribution line 30 and reducing the voltage to 200 V, and then distributing power to the consumers 12 of the apartment house 10 through the distribution network 31. Hereinafter, the high-voltage distribution line 30 is referred to as a “power system”.

  In other words, in the electrical room 11, a power receiving / transforming facility 110 such as a cubicle that receives power from the power system 30 and steps down is installed. Further, the electric room 11 includes a watt-hour meter 111 that measures the amount of power received from the power system 30 and a watt-hour meter 112 as a power measuring device that measures the amount of power consumed in the entire apartment house 10 after stepping down. And are installed. The electricity meter 111 is managed by an electric power company, and the power receiving / transforming equipment 110 and the electricity meter 112 are managed by an administrator of the apartment house 10.

  In the housing complex 10, a watt hour meter 101 that measures the amount of power consumed for each consumer 12 is arranged for each consumer (that is, dwelling unit) 12 that receives power from the distribution network 31. In addition, a watt hour meter 102 is arranged to measure the amount of power received from the distribution network 31 by the common unit 13 of the apartment house 10.

  By the way, in this embodiment, in order to control the charge and discharge of the storage battery 21 mounted in the electric vehicle 20 in the parking lot 14 provided accompanying the apartment house 10, one or more chargers / dischargers 16 are provided. Is installed.

  Each charger / discharger 16 is connected to the distribution network 31, and has a function of receiving power from the distribution network 31 and charging the storage battery 21, and a function of supplying power stored in the storage battery 21 to the distribution network 31. The device 161 is built-in. Each charger / discharger 16 includes a watt-hour meter 162 that measures the amount of power received from the distribution network 31 and the amount of power supplied to the distribution network 31. Furthermore, the charger / discharger 16 includes a connection confirmation unit 163 that confirms whether or not the electric vehicle 20 is connected, an information acquisition unit 164 that acquires identification information of the connected electric vehicle 20, and other devices. And a communication interface unit 165 that performs communication. Hereinafter, the communication interface unit is abbreviated as “communication I / F unit”.

  The power converter 161 includes a first conversion circuit (not shown) that converts voltage between DC power and DC power, and a second conversion circuit (not shown) that converts DC power and AC power. As a whole, power is converted bidirectionally. That is, the power converter 161 converts the DC power of the storage battery 21 into AC power and supplies it to the distribution network 31, and converts the AC power of the distribution network 31 into DC power to charge the storage battery 21.

  The communication I / F unit 165 communicates with the control device 15 managed by the manager of the apartment house 10 through the communication line 32. The control device 15 not only communicates with the charger / discharger 16 but also the amount of power measured by the watt hour meter 112 every predetermined time (for example, selected from 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, etc.). It also has a function to acquire. That is, the control device 15 includes a first acquisition unit 151 that acquires information from the connection confirmation unit 163 and the information acquisition unit 164 in the charger / discharger 16, and a second acquisition unit 152 that acquires information from the watt-hour meter 112. Is provided. In addition, the control device 15 includes an instruction unit 153 that instructs an operation state of the power converter 161 based on information acquired by the first acquisition unit 151 and the second acquisition unit 152.

  The control device 15 compares the power value acquired by the second acquisition unit 152 from the watt hour meter 112 with the limit value set in the setting unit 154, and predicts whether or not the limit value is exceeded from the transition of the power value. The prediction unit 155 is provided. The second acquisition unit 152 averages the amount of power for each relatively short time of a predetermined time (for example, selected from 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, etc.) from the watt hour meter 112 in units of 1 second. The average value is regarded as instantaneous power.

  The predicting unit 155 uses the power value transition and the limit value acquired by the second acquiring unit 152 every moment, and the value of the power (instantaneous power) consumed in the entire housing complex 10 exceeds the limit value. Predict the possibility. For example, the prediction unit 155 obtains an integrated value of electric power in a predetermined unit period (for example, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.), and the electric power value can exceed the limit value based on the change rate of the inclination of the integrated value and the electric power value. Predict sex.

  By the way, this embodiment supplies electric power from the storage battery 21 to the consumer 12 when there is a possibility that the electric power consumed in the entire apartment 10 exceeds the limit value set in the control device 15, and the electric power system A configuration is adopted in which the power received from 30 is reduced.

  In order to supply the electric power of the storage battery 21 mounted on the electric vehicle 20 to the distribution network 31, first, it is necessary to confirm that the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16. The state where the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16 may not necessarily be a physical connection state using a cable or the like. That is, even when electric power is transmitted between the electric vehicle 20 and the charger / discharger 16 in a non-contact manner, connection is possible as long as the storage battery 21 can be charged and discharged between the electric vehicle 20 and the charger / discharger 16. It is considered that it was done. However, the electric vehicle 20 can receive power from the power distribution network 31 and supply power from the electric vehicle 20 to the power distribution network 31 only to the permitted electric vehicle 20.

  That is, the charger / discharger 16 includes the connection confirmation unit 163 and the information acquisition unit 164 as described above. When the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16 so that the storage battery 21 can be charged or discharged, the connection confirmation unit 163 transmits a connection notification to the control device 15 through the communication I / F unit 165. The connection notification is transmitted to the control device 15 only when the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16 and when the electric vehicle 20 is detached from the charger / discharger 16. However, the connection confirmation unit 163 detects that the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger 16 in order to reliably recognize that the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16, and then the electric vehicle 20 is disconnected. Until this is detected, the connection state may be periodically checked.

  The control device 15 is notified through the communication I / F unit 165 that the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16. The instruction unit 153 in the control device 15 has a function of instructing the information acquisition unit 164 to acquire the identification information of the electric vehicle 20 when notified from the charger / discharger 16 that the electric vehicle 20 is connected. Have.

  The identification information of the electric vehicle 20 is acquired by the information acquisition unit 164 when the electric vehicle 20 and the charger / discharger 16 communicate with each other while the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16. That is, the electric vehicle 20 includes identification information that is unique for each vehicle. When the electric vehicle 20 is connected to the charger / discharger 16, a communication path is formed between the charger / discharger 16 and the electric vehicle 20. The information acquisition unit 164 acquires identification information from the electric vehicle 20 through this communication path. When the path for transmitting power between the charger / discharger 16 and the electric vehicle 20 is wired, a cable provided with a power transmission line and a signal line serving as a communication path may be used. When electric power is transmitted between the charger / discharger 16 and the electric vehicle 20 in a contactless manner, a wireless communication path is used for transmitting the identification information.

  The control device 15 registers in the registration unit 156 the registration unit 156 in which identification information of the electric vehicle 20 that permits charging and discharging of the electric vehicle 20 is registered, and the identification information acquired from the electric vehicle 20 by the information acquisition unit 164. And an authentication unit 157 that determines whether or not it is included in the identification information. The registration unit 156 normally registers the electric vehicle 20 that permits both charging and discharging, but the electric vehicle that permits charging and the electric vehicle 20 that permits discharging may be registered respectively. .

  By the way, registration work is required to register the identification information of the electric vehicle 20 in the registration unit 156. The registration work is performed, for example, by performing a predetermined operation on an operation unit (not shown) provided in the charger / discharger 16 with the electric vehicle 20 connected to the charger / discharger 16. In addition, the mobile terminal may be used as an operation device during registration work. By performing the registration work, the identification information read from the electric vehicle 20 is automatically registered in the registration unit 156 of the control device 15.

  When the electric vehicle 20 is owned by a resident of the apartment house 10, the registration unit 156 registers not only the identification information of the electric vehicle 20, but also the owner's dwelling unit number. It is desirable. In addition, when car sharing is performed by residents of the apartment house 10 and a plurality of residents of the apartment house 10 share the electric vehicle 20, the vehicle number assigned to the corresponding electric vehicle 20 is the electric vehicle. It may be registered in the registration unit 156 together with the 20 identification information.

  When the identification information acquired from the information acquisition unit 164 is registered in the registration unit 156, the authentication unit 157 sets an authentication flag for the identification information. The electric vehicle 20 having the identification information in which the authentication flag is set can charge or discharge the storage battery 21 through the charger / discharger 16. The authentication flag is valid until the connection confirmation unit 163 confirms the detachment of the electric vehicle 20, and the authentication flag is also released when the electric vehicle 20 detaches from the charger / discharger 16. Further, when the identification information acquired from the information acquisition unit 164 is not registered in the registration unit 156, the authentication unit 157 instructs the charger / discharger 16 not to allow charging and discharging of the electric vehicle 20. .

  In the following, it is assumed that an authentication flag is set in the authentication unit 157 for the electric vehicle 20 that is permitted to supply power from the storage battery 21 to the distribution network 31. In this state, when the prediction unit 155 predicts that the power received from the power system 30 may exceed the limit value, the instruction unit 153 checks whether the authentication flag is set. When the authentication flag is set, the instructing unit 153 instructs the charger / discharger 16 to which the electric vehicle 20 with the authentication flag is set to supply the power of the storage battery 21 to the distribution network 31. To do.

  The instruction unit 153 starts the supply of power from the storage battery 21 to the power distribution network 31, and then decreases the power value consumed in the entire apartment house 10 by a specified ratio with respect to the power value immediately before the start of the storage battery 21. The charger / discharger 16 is instructed to stop the discharge. The condition for stopping the discharge of the storage battery 21 exceeds the specified threshold for the value of power consumed by the entire apartment house 10 with respect to the value of power immediately before starting the supply of power from the storage battery 21 to the distribution network 31. A decrease may occur.

  The control device 15 includes a settlement unit 158, and the electric vehicle 20 calculates the amount of power discharged from the storage battery 21 during a period from when the charger / discharger 16 is instructed to discharge from the storage battery 21 to the stop of discharge. Collect every. The settlement unit 158 integrates the amount of power collected in a predetermined period (for example, one month) for each identification information of the electric vehicle 20. As the amount of power collected by the settlement unit 158, the amount of power measured by the watt hour meter 162 is acquired.

  As described above, since the electric energy is integrated for each identification information of the electric vehicle 20, the manager of the apartment 10 responds to the owner of the electric vehicle 20 according to the electric energy discharged from the electric vehicle 20. Benefits can be given. Giving a privilege is a motivation for allowing discharge from the electric vehicle 20. Examples of privilege types include payment of consideration (incentive) according to the amount of discharge, issuance of shopping points, issuance of points that can be used for management services in the housing complex 10. Moreover, it is good also as a privilege to deduct the discharged electric energy from the electric energy with a higher unit price among the electric energy which the consumer 12 used.

  As described above, by using the power of the storage battery 21 of the electric vehicle 20, the amount of power consumed in the entire apartment house 10 is adjusted so that the value of the power received from the power system 30 does not exceed the limit value. It becomes possible. As a result, the generation of excess charges due to the power received exceeding the limit value is suppressed, and as a result, an increase in electricity charges is suppressed.

  In the configuration example described above, the identification information of the electric vehicle 20 is authenticated by the control device 15, but by passing the identification information registered in the registration unit 156 of the control device 15 to the charger / discharger 16, the charger / discharger 16. Thus, the identification information of the electric vehicle 20 may be authenticated.

  In addition, since the storage battery 21 is used for running the electric vehicle 20, when the power is supplied from the storage battery 21 to the power distribution network 31, the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 (the amount of power remaining) corresponds to the amount of power for running. It is desirable to set a lower limit. In this case, it is desirable that the registration unit 156 of the control device 15 registers the daily traveling schedule together for each identification information of the electric vehicle 20. The travel schedule includes a time zone in which the electric vehicle 20 is used and a guide for the travel distance. The instruction unit 153 calculates the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 according to the traveling schedule, and when discharging from the storage battery 21, limits the discharge amount using the remaining capacity as a lower limit value.

  The control device 15 described above includes a computer including a processor that operates according to a program as a main hardware element. This type of computer includes a microcomputer that includes a memory integrally with a processor, and a configuration that includes a processor and a memory separately. A program for causing a computer to function as the above-described control device 15 is provided by a ROM (Read Only Memory) mounted on the computer, provided through an electric communication line such as the Internet, or readable by the computer. Provided by a simple recording medium. Although it is assumed that the control device 15 is disposed in the electric room 11, the control device 15 may be installed in an administrator room of the apartment house 10 or the like.

  In the configuration example described above, the travel schedule is managed by the control device 15, but the travel schedule may be managed by the electric vehicle 20. In this case, the electric vehicle 20 communicates with the control device 15 through the charger / discharger 16, and the control device 15 may calculate the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 based on the travel schedule acquired from the electric vehicle 20. In addition, it is desirable that the lower limit value of the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 is set to be larger than the remaining capacity determined in accordance with the travel distance so as to have a margin for travel. Conversely, the lower limit value of the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 may be set to be smaller than the remaining capacity determined according to the travel distance in anticipation of being charged after the discharge is stopped.

  By the way, in the configuration example described above, the power of the storage battery 21 mounted on the electric vehicle 20 is used when the power consumed in the entire apartment house 10 is predicted to exceed the limit value. No reverse power flow to the power system 30 occurs. However, when the power consumed in the housing complex 10 is less than expected, there is a possibility that a reverse power flow of the storage battery 21 occurs in the power system 30. There is no particular problem when the reverse power flow of the storage battery 21 is allowed, but the following measures are required when the reverse power flow of the storage battery 21 is prohibited. In addition, the receiving / transforming equipment 110 assumes the structure which transmits electric power bidirectionally.

  In the following, as shown in FIG. 2, the distribution network 31 of the apartment house 10 includes a first line 311 that supplies power received from the power system 30, and a second line that supplies power to the consumer 12 and the common unit 13. The description will be divided into 312 and the third line 313 to which the charger / discharger 16 is connected. A switching device 33 is connected to a portion where the first line 311, the second line 312, and the third line 313 are branched. When a plurality of chargers / dischargers 16 are provided, the third line 313 is provided for each charger / discharger 16 or is shared by the plurality of chargers / dischargers 16. Here, a case where a plurality of chargers / dischargers 16 share the third line 313 is taken as an example.

The switching device 33 includes a current sensor 331 that monitors the current of the first line 311, a switch element 332 inserted into the second line 312, and a switch element 333 inserted into the third line 313. As the switch elements 332 and 333, an electromagnetic contactor (relay for large current) or the like is used. The opening and closing of the switch elements 332 and 333 is controlled by using a time change between the instantaneous voltage between lines in the power distribution network 31 and the instantaneous power output from the current sensor 331 as a parameter. In the illustrated example, a configuration is described in which one of the chargers / dischargers 16 monitors the output of the current sensor 331 and controls opening and closing of the switch elements 332 and 333 . In this configuration, the instantaneous voltage between lines in the distribution network 31 is substituted by the output voltage of the charger / discharger 16.

However, in order to make the plurality of chargers / dischargers 16 have the same configuration, it is desirable for the control device 15 to monitor the output of the current sensor 331 and to control the opening and closing of the switch elements 332 and 333 . In this configuration, the control device 15 may acquire the instantaneous voltage between the lines of the power distribution network 31 from any of the first line 311, the second line 312, and the third line 313, but is the same as the current sensor 331. It is desirable to obtain from the first line 311 in position.

  Whether or not a reverse power flow is generated from the storage battery 21 to the power system 30 is determined as follows. First, the voltage and current of the first line 311, the second line 312, and the third line 313 will be considered.

  Since the power receiving / transforming equipment 110 (see FIG. 1) can be regarded as a voltage source, the voltage of the power distribution network 31 is the same in any of the first line 311, the second line 312, and the third line 313. The charger / discharger 16 is configured to be a current source for the distribution network 31, and the current output from the charger / discharger 16 has a waveform in phase with the voltage between the lines of the distribution network 31. In addition, since there is no power source in the second line 312, the current flowing through the second line 312 (current passing through the switch element 332) changes according to the magnitude of the electrical load connected to the second line 312. . The current passing through the first line 311 (that is, the current detected by the current sensor 331) varies depending on the size of the load connected to the second line 312.

  Now, the direction in which the current I1 flows from the power system 30 into the electric load is defined as a positive direction. In a state where the charger / discharger 16 supplies power to the power distribution network 31, the current I <b> 2 flowing into the second line 312 is a third current from the current I <b> 1 of the first line 311 monitored by the current sensor 331 and the charger / discharger 16. This is the sum of the current I3 output to the line 313. That is, I1 = I2-I3 is established.

  The state where the reverse power flow occurs is determined by an integrated value P obtained by integrating the instantaneous value of the active power for one period in the frequency of the power system 30. The instantaneous value of active power is calculated using the instantaneous value of current measured by the current sensor 331 and the instantaneous value of voltage output from the power converter 161. When a reverse power flow is not generated, P <0, and when a reverse power flow is generated, P> 0. This is a state in which the current I1 is inverted with respect to the phase of the voltage of the power system 30 (a state in which it is negative (I <0)). In other words, the state where the reverse power flow is occurring is a state where the power output from the charger / discharger 16 exceeds the power consumed by the electric load, and at this time, I3> I2.

  The charger / discharger 16 that monitors the output of the current sensor 331 opens and closes the switch elements 332 and 333 based on the calculation unit (not shown) that calculates the active power in the first line 311 and the result calculated by the calculation unit. A control unit (not shown) for controlling.

  The calculation unit calculates the value of the active power in the first line 311 by using the instantaneous current of the first line 311 obtained from the output of the current sensor 331 and the instantaneous voltage between the lines of the distribution network 31. If the current of the first line 311 is inverted with respect to the phase of the voltage of the power system 30, the value of the active power of the first line 311 is negative and the current of the first line 311 is the voltage of the power system 30. If the phase is the same as the first phase 311, the value of the active power of the first line 311 is positive.

  When the active power calculated by the calculation unit is positive and the calculated active power exceeds the set threshold, the control unit limits the current output from the charger / discharger 16 to the power distribution network 31, and further The switch element 333 is controlled to disconnect the discharger 16 from the distribution network 31. The switch element 332 is provided to collectively select a state in which power is supplied to the electrical load and a state in which the power is cut off in the entire apartment house 10 regardless of whether or not reverse power flow occurs. It has been.

  In the configuration example described above, it is determined whether or not reverse power flow has occurred based on the sign of the active power at the site where the current sensor 331 is provided. The current sensor 331 detects the current used for calculating the active power, The voltage is detected by the charger / discharger 16. Therefore, there is a possibility that the voltage used for calculating the active power and the voltage at the portion where the current sensor 331 is arranged are out of phase. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange the current sensor 331 and the charger / discharger 16 in a positional relationship in which a voltage phase shift does not cause a problem in the determination of reverse power flow. When the control device 15 determines the presence or absence of reverse power flow, this type of problem does not occur as long as the control device 15 is provided close to the switching device 33.

  Regarding the electric vehicle 20, information for car sharing is registered in a registration unit 156 provided in the control device 15, and the control device 15 is arranged in the electric room 11 or the manager room. When performing car sharing, it is desirable that the participants share the traveling schedule of the electric vehicle 20. It is desirable that this type of traveling schedule is presented on a presentation device arranged in the manager's room or the common unit 13.

  The travel schedule includes information on a time zone in which the electric vehicle 20 is used and a guide for the travel distance. The mileage standard may be obtained by using a service provided by a server connected to a telecommunication line such as the Internet. For example, this type of server provides a service that calculates the distance when returning from the departure point to the departure point by specifying the position of the departure point and the destination on the map presented by the user. To do. Therefore, based on the calculated distance, the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 necessary for running the electric vehicle 20 is calculated, and the amount of power discharged from the storage battery 21 is managed.

  The schedule table described above is also used for managing keys when car sharing of the electric vehicle 20 is performed. That is, it is possible to manage the insertion and removal of the key in association with the schedule so that the electric vehicle 20 is not used without permission during the time period not registered in the schedule. For example, if the key of the electric vehicle 20 is stored in the key box installed in the manager's room so that the key can be taken out only before the time zone registered in the schedule, it is registered in the schedule. It is possible to prevent the electric vehicle 20 from being used without permission during a time period when it is not.

  In the present embodiment, the electric vehicle 20 mounted with the storage battery 21 is described assuming an electric vehicle in particular, so that when the electric power is supplied from the storage battery 21 to the power distribution network 31, the electric vehicle 2 is scheduled to travel. Accordingly, the remaining capacity to be left in the storage battery 21 is determined. However, when the electric vehicle 2 is a plug-in hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine in addition to the storage battery 21 or a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell, the remaining capacity of the storage battery 21 is supplied to the distribution network 31. Can not be determined by.

  When the electric power that can be supplied to the distribution network 31 is determined for these electric vehicles 20, the control device 15 receives information on the travelable distance predicted by the electric vehicle 20 from the electric vehicle 20, and the lower limit value of the travelable distance May be determined based on the travel distance included in the travel schedule. That is, the instruction unit 153 provided in the control device 15 limits the amount of power supplied from the electric vehicle 20 so that the travelable distance received from the electric vehicle 20 does not fall below the lower limit value. The configuration for limiting the amount of electric power to be discharged using the travelable distance is not limited to a plug-in hybrid vehicle and a fuel cell vehicle, and the same technology can be adopted even for an electric vehicle equipped with a storage battery 21.

(Embodiment 2)
In the first embodiment, the power source used to reduce the amount of power received from the power grid 30 in the apartment house 10 is only the storage battery 21 of the electric vehicle 20. Therefore, when the electric vehicle 20 is not connected to the charger / discharger 16, even if it is predicted that the amount of power received from the power system 30 exceeds the limit value, measures are taken to reduce the amount of power received. I can't.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the present embodiment employs a configuration in which a storage battery 40 installed in the apartment house 10 and a charger / discharger 18 that charges and discharges the storage battery 40 are added. The charger / discharger 18 is connected to the power distribution network 31 of the apartment house 10.

  The storage battery 40 is always connected to the charger / discharger 18, and the storage battery 40 never leaves the charger / discharger 18 except when the storage battery 40 is replaced. The basic configuration of the charger / discharger 18 is the same as that of the charger / charger 16 for the storage battery 21 mounted on the electric vehicle 20. However, since the electric vehicle 20 is not connected, configurations corresponding to the connection confirmation unit 163 and the information acquisition unit 164 are omitted. That is, the charger / discharger 18 includes a power converter 181, a watt-hour meter 182, and a communication I / F unit 185. The power converter 181, the watt-hour meter 182, and the communication I / F unit 185 have the same functions as the power converter 161, the watt-hour meter 162, and the communication I / F unit 165.

  Other configurations of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. In the configuration of the present embodiment, even when there is no electric vehicle 20 connected to the charger / discharger 16, when the amount of power received from the power system 30 is predicted to exceed the limit value, The electric power of the storage battery 40 can be used. Therefore, the possibility that the amount of power received from the power system 30 exceeds the limit value can be further reduced as compared with the configuration of the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 3)
As shown in FIG. 4, the present embodiment includes a configuration in which a solar cell 41 and a power conversion device 42 are added to the configuration of the second embodiment. The solar cell 41 is installed in an appropriate place such as a roof or a wall surface of the apartment house 10. The power conversion device 42 has a function of converting DC power generated by the solar battery 41 into AC power and supplying AC power to the distribution network 31 of the apartment house 10. In the present embodiment, the charger / discharger 16, the charger / discharger 18, and the power conversion device 42 are connected to the distribution network 31 via the switching device 34.

  As illustrated in FIG. 5, the switching device 34 has a configuration in which a switching element 334 connected to the power conversion device 42 via the fourth line 314 is added to the switching device 33 described in the first embodiment. The switch element 334 is realized by, for example, an electromagnetic contactor. The switch element 334 is inserted between the first line 311 and the fourth line 314. In other words, the first line 311 and the fourth line 314 are connected only via the switch element 334. The current sensor 331 is inserted between the switch elements 332 and 333 and the switch element 334.

  In this embodiment, the power of the storage battery 21 of the electric vehicle 20 and the storage battery 40 installed in the apartment house 10 is prohibited from flowing back to the power system 30, and the power generated by the solar battery 41 is flowing back to the power system 30. Is acceptable. Further, the electric power generated by the solar cell 41 is used in preference to the electric power from the charger / discharger 16 in the apartment house 10.

  That is, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the power supplied to the electric loads of the customer 12 and the common unit 13 is supplied only from the power conversion device 42 when the power conversion device 42 is satisfied. In the power converter 42, when the power consumed by the electrical load cannot be satisfied, the shortage is supplied from the power system 30. Furthermore, when it is predicted that the power received from the power system 30 exceeds the limit value, the power is also supplied from the charger / discharger 16.

  Thus, since priority is set to the power of the solar battery 41, the power received from the power system 30, and the power supplied from the storage battery 21 and the storage battery 40, the power of the solar battery 41 is used preferentially. The amount of power received from the power system 30 is reduced. Further, when the power generated by the solar cell 41 exceeds the power consumed by the electric load and surplus power is generated, it is possible to perform a reverse power flow to the power system 30.

  Other configurations and operations of the present embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment, and the electric power of the storage battery 21 and the storage battery 40 is the electric power and electric power generated by the solar battery 41 within a range where no reverse power flow to the electric power system 30 occurs. The electric power received from the grid 30 is supplied to the electric load. Further, if the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41 increases, surplus power can be reversely flowed to the power system 30 to obtain power sales revenue. In addition, in order to measure the electric energy which performed reverse power flow, the electric energy meter 113 is arrange | positioned in the electrical room 11 grade | etc.,.

(Embodiment 4)
As shown in FIG. 6, the present embodiment includes a solar cell 41 and a power conversion device 42 as in the third embodiment. However, in the third embodiment, the surplus power that is part of the power output from the power conversion device 42 is caused to flow backward to the power system 30, but in this embodiment, the total power output from the power conversion device 42 is Is configured to flow backward through the electric power system 30.

  That is, in the illustrated example, the power conversion device 42 is connected to the power receiving / transforming equipment 114 housed in the electrical chamber 11 via the connection line 35, and is connected to the power system 30 through the power receiving / transforming equipment 114 and the wattmeter 115. Yes. The power receiving / transforming equipment 114 has the same configuration as that of the power receiving / transforming equipment 110, and converts the voltage bidirectionally between the power system 30 and the power distribution network 31. The watt-hour meter 115 is provided to measure the amount of power that has flowed backward from the power converter 42 to the power system 30.

  In the configuration of the present embodiment, since the power conversion device 42 is not connected to the switching device 33, the switching device 33 has the same configuration as the switching device 33 described in the second embodiment. That is, the switching device 33 includes a current sensor 331 and switch elements 332 and 333. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

10 apartment house (building)
12 Consumer 15 Control device 20 Electric vehicle 21 Storage battery (battery)
30 Electric Power System 31 Distribution Network 110 Power Receiving / Transforming Equipment 112 Electricity Meter (Power Measurement Device)
153 Instruction unit 155 Prediction unit 156 Registration unit 157 Authentication unit 158 Settlement unit 161 Power converter

Claims (7)

A power converter connected to a power distribution network that supplies power to a plurality of consumers occupying the building, and capable of operating the power of a battery for traveling mounted on an electric vehicle to the power distribution network;
A power measuring device for monitoring power consumed in the building;
When the electric vehicle is connected to the power converter, the identification information of the electric vehicle is acquired from the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle identification information acquired from the electric vehicle is registered in advance by the registration work. An authentication unit that determines whether or not the identification information is read and registered from
An instruction unit for instructing the power converter to supply power to the power distribution network from the battery mounted on the electric vehicle in which the identification information is registered according to the power monitored by the power measuring device; Power management system comprising. It further comprises a power receiving and transformation facility that collectively receives and lowers the power supplied to the consumer in the building from a power system that is a high voltage distribution line,
The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the distribution network distributes the electric power stepped down by the power receiving / transforming equipment to the consumer. A prediction unit that predicts whether or not the power monitored by the power measurement device exceeds a preset limit value;
The instruction unit is configured to supply power from the battery to the power distribution network when the prediction unit predicts that the power monitored by the power measurement device may exceed the limit value. The power management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an instruction is given to a power converter. A registration unit for registering a travel schedule including a time zone and a travel distance using the electric vehicle;
The said instruction | indication part calculates the lower limit of the remaining capacity of the said battery based on the said driving schedule, and restrict | limits the electric energy discharged from the said battery based on the said lower limit. The described power management system. A registration unit for registering a travel schedule including a time zone and a travel distance using the electric vehicle;
The instructing unit receives information on the travelable distance predicted by the electric vehicle from the electric vehicle, and discharges the battery from the battery so that a lower limit value of the travelable distance is a travel distance included in the travel schedule. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the amount is limited. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a settlement unit that integrates the amount of power collected in a predetermined period for each identification information of the electric vehicle. It is used for the power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A control device comprising the authentication unit and the instruction unit.

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