KR20050005553A - 내부 캐쉬 및/또는 메모리 액세스 예측을 지닌 메모리 허브 - Google Patents
내부 캐쉬 및/또는 메모리 액세스 예측을 지닌 메모리 허브 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20050005553A KR20050005553A KR10-2004-7019922A KR20047019922A KR20050005553A KR 20050005553 A KR20050005553 A KR 20050005553A KR 20047019922 A KR20047019922 A KR 20047019922A KR 20050005553 A KR20050005553 A KR 20050005553A
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- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/06—Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, memory dedication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
- G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
- G06F12/0866—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
- G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
- G06F12/0862—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches with prefetch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
- G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
- G06F12/0893—Caches characterised by their organisation or structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
- G06F13/16—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
- G06F13/1605—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration
- G06F13/161—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration with latency improvement
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Abstract
Description
Claims (39)
- 메모리 허브로서,메모리 액세스 장치와 인터페이스하도록 구성된 메모리 액세스 장치 인터페이스;각 메모리 장치들과 인터페이스하도록 구성된 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들로서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스 각각은 메모리 제어기 및 메모리 캐쉬를 포함하는, 상기 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들; 및상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각에 상기 메모리 액세스 장치 인터페이스를 결합하는 스위치를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 액세스 장치 인터페이스는 프로세서와 인터페이스하도록 구성된 프로세서 인터페이스를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은, 이전 메모리 액세스로부터의 어드레스를 토대로 데이터가 판독될 어드레스를 예측하고 상기 각 메모리 인터페이스 내의 상기 메모리 제어기로 하여금 상기 예측된 어드레스로부터의 메모리 판독 동작을 나타내는 신호들을 출력하도록 구성된 예측 유닛(prediction unit)을 더 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 예측 유닛은 또한 상기 메모리 인터페이스로 하여금 메모리 판독 동작을 나타내는 상기 신호들에 응답하여 수신된 판독 데이터를 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장하도록 구성된, 메모리 허브.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 동일한 클럭 속도로 동작하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 크로스-바 스위치(cross-bar switch)를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 멀티플렉서 스위치를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 캐쉬 메모리는 동적 랜덤 액세스 메모리를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 메모리 허브로서,메모리 액세스 장치와 인터페이스하도록 구성된 메모리 액세스 장치 인터페이스;각 메모리 장치들과 인터페이스하도록 구성된 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들로서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 메모리 제어기와 이전 메모리 액세스로부터의 어드레스를 토대로 데이터가 판독될 어드레스를 예측하고 상기 각 메모리 인터페이스 내의 상기 메모리 제어기로 하여금 상기 예측된 어드레스로부터의 메모리 판독 동작을 나타내는 신호들을 출력하도록 구성된 예측 유닛을 포함하는, 상기 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들; 및상기 메모리 인터페이스들에 상기 메모리 액세스 장치 인터페이스를 결합하는 스위치를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 액세스 장치 인터페이스는 프로세서 인터페이스를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 동일한 클럭 속도로 동작하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 크로스-바 스위치를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 멀티플렉서 스위치를 포함하는, 메모리 허브.
- 컴퓨터 시스템에 있어서,계산 기능들을 수행하도록 동작가능한 프로세싱 유닛,상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 시스템 제어기,상기 시스템 제어기를 통해 상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 입력 장치,상기 시스템 제어기를 통해 상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 출력 장치,상기 시스템을 제어기를 통해 상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 데이터 저장 장치,다수의 메모리 장치들, 및메모리 허브를 포함하며,상기 메모리 허브는:상기 프로세서에 결합된 프로세서 인터페이스;상기 메모리 장치들의 각 장치에 결합되는 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들로서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 메모리 제어기 및 메모리 캐쉬를 포함하는, 상기 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들; 및상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각에 상기 프로세서 인터페이스를 결합하는 스위치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 허브는 물리적으로 상기 시스템 제어기 내에 포함되는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 다수의 메모리 장치들은 물리적으로 메모리 모듈 내에 패키징되고, 상기 메모리 허브는 물리적으로 상기 메모리 모듈 내에 포함되는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은, 이전 메모리 액세스로부터의 어드레스를 토대로 데이터가 판독될 어드레스를 예측하고 각 메모리 인터페이스 내의 상기 메모리 제어기로 하여금 상기 예측된 어드레스로부터의 메모리 판독 동작을 나타내는 출력 신호들을 상기 메모리 인터페이스가 결합되는 상기 메모리 장치에 인가하도록 구성된 예측 유닛을 더 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 상기 예측 유닛은 또한 상기 메모리 인터페이스로 하여금 메모리 판독 동작을 나타내는 상기 신호들에 응답하여 상기 각 메모리 장치로부터 수신된 판독 데이터를 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장하도록 구성되는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 동일한 클럭 속도로 동작하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 크로스-바 스위치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 멀티플렉서 스위치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 캐쉬 메모리는 동적 랜덤 액세스 메모리를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 장치들 각각은 동적 랜덤 액세스 메모리 장치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 21 항에 있어서, 상기 동적 랜덤 액세스 메모리 장치 각각은 동기식 동적 랜덤 액세스 메모리 장치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 컴퓨터 시스템에 있어서,계산 기능들을 수행하도록 동작가능한 프로세싱 유닛,상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 시스템 제어기,상기 시스템 제어기를 통해 상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 입력 장치,상기 시스템 제어기를 통해 상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 출력 장치,상기 시스템 제어기를 통해 상기 프로세싱 유닛에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 데이터 저장 장치들,다수의 메모리 장치들, 및메모리 허브를 포함하며,상기 메모리 허브는:상기 프로세서에 결합된 프로세서 인터페이스;상기 메모리 장치들의 각 장치에 결합되는 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들로서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 메모리 제어기 및 이전 메모리 액세스로부터의 어드레스를 토대로 데이터가 판독될 어드레스를 예측하고 상기 각 메모리 인터페이스 내의 상기 메모리 제어기로 하여금 상기 예측된 어드레스로부터의 메모리 판독 동작을 나타내는 신호들을 상기 메모리 인터페이스가 결합되는 상기 메모리 장치에 출력하도록 하는 예측 유닛을 포함하는, 상기 다수의 메모리 인터페이스들; 및상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각에 상기 프로세서 인터페이스를 결합하는 스위치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 허브는 물리적으로 상기 시스템 제어기 내에 포함되는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 상기 다수의 메모리 장치들은 물리적으로 메모리 모듈 내에서 패키징되고, 상기 메모리 허브는 물리적으로 상기 메모리 모듈 내에 포함되는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 인터페이스들 각각은 동일한 클럭 속도로 동작하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 크로스-바 스위치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 상기 스위치는 멀티플렉서 스위치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 상기 메모리 장치들 각각은 동적 랜덤 액세스 메모리 장치를 포함하는, 컴퓨터 시스템.
- 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법에 있어서,메모리 허브에 결합되는 다수의 메모리 장치들 중 제 1 메모리 장치에 메모리 액세스 요청을 지향(direct)시키는 단계;상기 제 1 메모리 장치로부터 판독되거나 이에 기록되는 데이터를 상기 메모리 허브에 위치된 캐쉬 메모리에 저장하는 단계;이후에 상기 제 1 메모리 장치에 메모리 판독 요청을 지향시키는 단계;상기 메모리 판독 요청에 응답하여, 상기 메모리 판독 요청에 대응하는 상기 데이터가 상기 메모리 허브 내에 위치되는 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장되는지를 검출하는 단계;상기 메모리 판독 요청에 대응하는 데이터가 상기 메모리 허브내에 위치되는 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장된 것으로 결정되면, 상기 캐쉬 메모리로부터의 상기 판독 데이터를 제공하는 단계; 및상기 메모리 판독 요청에 대응하는 데이터가 상기 메모리 허브내에 위치된 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장되지 않은 것으로 결정되면, 상기 제 1 메모리 장치로부터의 상기 판독 데이터를 제공하는 단계를 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 제 32 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 메모리 장치에 대한 이전 메모리 액세스로부터의 어드레스를 토대로 상기 제 1 메모리 장치로부터 데이터가 판독될 어드레스를 예측하는 단계;예측된 어드레스로부터의 판독 데이터를 상기 제 1 메모리 장치에 제공하는 단계; 및,상기 예측된 어드레스로부터의 상기 판독 데이터를 상기 메모리 허브내의 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 제 32 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 메모리 장치로부터 판독되거나 이에 기록되는 데이터를 상기 메모리 허브내 상기 캐쉬 메모리에 저장하는 단계는, 상기 제 1 메모리 장치로부터 판독되거나 이에 기록되는 데이터를 상기 제 1 메모리 장치에 전용되는 캐쉬 메모리에 저장하는 단계를 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 제 32 항에 있어서, 상기 예측의 기초가 되는 상기 메모리 액세스 요청은 판독 메모리 액세스를 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 제 32 항에 있어서, 상기 예측의 기초가 되는 상기 메모리 액세스 요청은 기록 메모리 액세스를 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법에 있어서,메모리 허브에 결합되는 다수의 메모리 장치들 내의 각 어드레스들에 메모리 액세스 요청들을 지향시키는 단계;상기 메모리 허브 내에서, 상기 메모리 액세스 요청들이 지향된 어드레스들을 토대로 상기 제 1 메모리 장치로부터 데이터가 판독될 적어도 하나의 어드레스를 예측하는 단계; 및상기 예측된 어드레스들로 지향되는 메모리 판독 요청들을 수신하기에 앞서, 상기 메모리 장치들내의 상기 예측된 어드레스들로부터의 각각의 판독 데이터를 제공하는 단계를 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 제 37 항에 있어서, 상기 예측들의 기초가 되는 상기 메모리 액세스 요청들은 판독 메모리 요청들을 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
- 제 37 항에 있어서, 상기 예측들의 기초가 되는 상기 메모리 액세스 요청들은 기록 메모리 요청들을 포함하는, 다수의 메모리 장치들을 액세스하는 방법.
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PCT/US2003/018112 WO2003104996A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction |
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KR101259395B1 (ko) * | 2011-05-24 | 2013-04-30 | 어보브반도체 주식회사 | 마이크로 컨트롤러 및 그의 동작방법 |
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US7133972B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 |
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US20110219196A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
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JP4677630B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 |
US7945737B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
US20030229770A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
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US20120239885A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
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