JPWO2016098306A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005260 alpha ray Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910007562 Li2SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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Abstract
Description
Liを含有する珪素酸化物粉末を含み、
当該粉末全体の平均組成として、LiとSiとOとのモル比をy:1:xとすると、0.5<x<1.5、かつ、0.1<y/x<0.8の関係を満たし、
当該負極用粉末の体積メディアン径が、0.5〜30μmの範囲内にあり、
当該粉末についてCuKα線を用いたX線回折測定を行ったとき、回折角2θが18.0〜20.0°の範囲に現れるLi2SiO3に起因するピークの高さをP1とし、回折角2θが27.4〜29.4°の範囲に現れ得る結晶性Siに起因するピークの高さをP2とし、回折角2θが21.5〜22.5°の範囲に現れ得るLi4SiO4に起因するピークの高さをP3とすると、P2/P1≦1.0の関係を満たすとともに、P3/P1≦1.0の関係を満たす粉末。
SiとOとのモル比が1:x1(0.5<x1<1.5)である珪素酸化物粉末とリチウム化合物粉末とを混合して、第1混合粉末を得る第1混合工程と、
前記第1混合粉末を、前記リチウム化合物粉末の分解温度より30〜200℃低い温度である予備焼成温度で焼成する第1予備焼成工程と、
前記第1予備焼成工程の後、前記第1混合粉末を、450〜700℃の温度範囲内の主焼成温度で焼成する第1主焼成工程と
を含む製造方法。
上述のように、本発明の負極用粉末は、リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末であって、Liを含有する珪素酸化物粉末を含む。当該粉末全体の平均組成として、LiとSiとOとのモル比をy:1:xとすると、0.5<x<1.5、かつ、0.1<y/x<0.8の関係を満たす。当該負極用粉末の体積メディアン径は、0.5〜30μmの範囲内にある。当該粉末についてCuKα線を用いたX線回折測定を行ったとき、回折角2θが18.0〜20.0°の範囲に現れるLi2SiO3に起因するピークの高さをP1とし、回折角2θが27.4〜29.4°の範囲に現れ得る結晶性Siに起因するピークの高さをP2とし、回折角2θが21.5〜22.5°の範囲に現れ得るLi4SiO4に起因するピークの高さをP3とすると、P2/P1≦1.0の関係を満たすとともに、P3/P1≦1.0の関係を満たす。
第1主焼成工程では、珪素酸化物粒子内にLiが均一に拡散される。
前記第(i−1)主焼成工程の後、第(i−1)混合粉末にリチウム化合物粉末を追加して混合し、第i混合粉末を得る第i混合工程と、
前記第i混合粉末を、前記予備焼成温度で焼成する第i予備焼成工程と、
前記第i予備焼成工程の後、前記第i混合粉末を、前記主焼成温度で焼成する第i主焼成工程と
をさらに含むことが好ましい。
表2に、y/x、P2/P1、およびP3/P1の値を示す。
Claims (8)
- リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末であって、
Liを含有する珪素酸化物粉末を含み、
当該粉末全体の平均組成として、LiとSiとOとのモル比をy:1:xとすると、0.5<x<1.5、かつ、0.1<y/x<0.8の関係を満たし、
当該負極用粉末の体積メディアン径が、0.5〜30μmの範囲内にあり、
当該粉末についてCuKα線を用いたX線回折測定を行ったとき、回折角2θが18.0〜20.0°の範囲に現れるLi2SiO3に起因するピークの高さをP1とし、回折角2θが27.4〜29.4°の範囲に現れ得る結晶性Siに起因するピークの高さをP2とし、回折角2θが21.5〜22.5°の範囲に現れ得るLi4SiO4に起因するピークの高さをP3とすると、P2/P1≦1.0の関係を満たすとともに、P3/P1≦1.0の関係を満たす粉末。 - 請求項1に記載の粉末であって、
P2/P1≦0.5を満たす粉末。 - 請求項1に記載の粉末であって、
P2/P1≦0.1を満たす粉末。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の負極用粉末であって、
当該粉末を構成する粒子の表面の少なくとも一部に、導電性炭素皮膜が形成されている粉末。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の負極用粉末であって、
当該粉末の体積メディアン径が、0.5〜15μmの範囲内にあり、
当該粉末のBET比表面積が、0.5〜15m2/gの範囲内にある粉末。 - リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末の製造方法であって、
SiとOとのモル比が1:x1(0.5<x1<1.5)である珪素酸化物粉末とリチウム化合物粉末とを混合して、第1混合粉末を得る第1混合工程と、
前記第1混合粉末を、前記リチウム化合物粉末の分解温度より30〜200℃低い温度である予備焼成温度で焼成する第1予備焼成工程と、
前記第1予備焼成工程の後、前記第1混合粉末を、450〜700℃の温度範囲内の主焼成温度で焼成する第1主焼成工程と
を含む製造方法。 - 請求項6に記載の製造方法であって、
前記第1主焼成工程の後、前記第1混合粉末にリチウム化合物粉末を追加して混合し、第2混合粉末を得る第2混合工程と、
前記第2混合粉末を、前記予備焼成温度で焼成する第2予備焼成工程と、
前記第2予備焼成工程の後、前記第2混合粉末を、前記主焼成温度で焼成する第2主焼成工程と
をさらに含む製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の製造方法であって、
前記第1混合工程で混合する前記珪素酸化物粉末のOと前記リチウム化合物粉末のLiとのモル比をx1:y1とし、前記第2混合工程で混合する前記第1混合粉末のOと前記リチウム化合物粉末のLiとのモル比をx2:y2とすると、0.5≧y1/x1>y2/x2の関係を満たす製造方法。
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