JPWO2008129726A1 - 光学フィルムの製造方法、光学フィルム、偏光板及び表示装置 - Google Patents
光学フィルムの製造方法、光学フィルム、偏光板及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2008129726A1 JPWO2008129726A1 JP2009510737A JP2009510737A JPWO2008129726A1 JP WO2008129726 A1 JPWO2008129726 A1 JP WO2008129726A1 JP 2009510737 A JP2009510737 A JP 2009510737A JP 2009510737 A JP2009510737 A JP 2009510737A JP WO2008129726 A1 JPWO2008129726 A1 JP WO2008129726A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C41/28—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length by depositing flowable material on an endless belt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/34—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
- B29K2001/08—Cellulose derivatives
- B29K2001/12—Cellulose acetate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
熱可塑性樹脂及び添加剤を含む樹脂溶液を金属支持体上に流延して流延膜を形成し、溶剤の一部を蒸発させた後に、金属支持体から剥離する工程を含み、前記樹脂溶液を流延する前に前記金属支持体の表面の任意の区間において、あるいは製膜中に前記金属支持体の表面の前記流延膜の非通過区間において、大気圧プラズマ処理またはエキシマUV処理により前記金属支持体の表面に表面処理膜を形成し、その後、前記金属支持体の表面に前記樹脂溶液を流延することを特徴とする光学フィルムの製造方法。
1a ドープ(樹脂溶液)
1b ウェブ(流延膜)
2 送液ポンプ
3 流延ダイ
4 減圧チャンバ
5 ドラム
6 金属支持体(ドラム)
7 金属支持体(エンドレスベルト)
8 剥離ロール
9 フィルム
10 乾燥装置
11 乾燥風
12 テンター
13 巻き取り装置
20 大気圧プラズマ装置
30 エキシマUV装置
100 光学フィルム製造装置
200 表面処理装置
A 膜形成処理する区間
a、b 電極
g 反応ガス
d 吹き出しスリットと金属支持体表面との間隙
h 吹き出しスリット
s 金属支持体
p パージガス
r 反射板
u エキシマUVランプ
d2 石英ガラスと金属支持体表面との間隙
q 石英ガラス
式中、Mはウェブ(1b)の任意時点での質量、Nは質量Mのものを温度110℃で、3時間乾燥させたときの質量である。
一般式(2) B2−(G−A−)nG−B2
上記式中、B1はモノカルボン酸成分を表わし、B2はモノアルコール成分を表わし、Gは2価のアルコール成分を表わし、Aは2塩基酸成分を表わし、これらによって合成されたことを表わす。B1、B2、G、及びAは、いずれも芳香環を含まないことが特徴である。m、nは、繰り返し数を表わす。
ことが特に好ましい。
Rt2<Rt1
であれば、セルロースエステルに添加したポリマー添加剤は、厚み方向リタデーション(Rt)を低減する添加剤であると言える。
Rt=((Nx+Ny)/2−Nz)×d
(式中、Nx、Ny、Nzはそれぞれ屈折率楕円体の主軸x、y、z方向の屈折率(屈折率は波長590nmで測定)を表わし、かつ、Nx、Nyはフィルム面内方向の屈折率を、Nzはフィルムの厚み方向の屈折率を表わす。また、Nx≧Nyであり、dはフィルムの厚み(nm)を表わす。)
本実施の形態において、セルロースエステルフィルムは、遅相軸方向と製膜方向とのなす角度θ(ラジアン)と面内方向のリタデーション値(Ro)が下記の関係にあり、特に偏光板用保護フィルム等のセルロースエステルフィルムとして好ましく用いられる。
ここで、Pは0.9999以下であり、θはフィルム面内の遅相軸方向と製膜方向(フィルムの直尺方向)とのなす角度(°ラジアン)、λは上記Nx、Ny、Nz、θを求める三次元屈折率測定の際の光の波長590nm、πは円周率である。
(ただし、R1はn価の有機基、nは2以上の正の整数を表す)
好ましい多価アルコールの例としては、例えば以下のようなものを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
(ドープの調製)
下記の素材を密閉容器に投入し、加熱し、撹拌しながら、完全に溶解、濾過し、ドープ(1a)を調製した。なお、二酸化珪素微粒子(アエロジルR972V)は、メタノールに分散した後、添加した。
(ドープ組成)
セルローストリアセテート(アセチル置換度2.88) 100質量部
トリフェニルホスフェート 8質量部
ビフェニルジフェニルホスフェート 4質量部
5−クロロ−2−(3,5−ジ−sec−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシフェニル)
−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール ) 1質量部
塩化メチレン 418質量部
メタノール 23質量部
アエロジル R972V 0.1質量部(金属支持体)
上記のドープ(1a)を流延する金属支持体としては、ステンレス(SUS316)製で、超鏡面に研磨されたエンドレスベルトを用いた。金属支持体の表面には、後述する実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜3の膜形成の表面処理を施した。表面処理は、ドープ(1a)を支持体上に流延する前に、事前に図1の膜形成処理する区間Aで照射した。金属支持体表面に、膜形成の表面処理を施すときの金属支持体温度は10℃に調整した。
(大気圧プラズマ処理)
大気圧プラズマ装置(20)の、吹き出しスリット(h)から金属支持体(s)の表面までの間隙(d)を2mmとした条件にて、金属支持体(s)を搬送させながら大気圧プラズマ装置(20)の下を通過させて、0.0005secプラズマ照射処理をした。ここで言うプラズマ照射時間とは、ラジカルと金属支持体(s)との厳密な接触時間は測定が困難なため、ここでは、金属支持体(s)の表面上のある点が、吹き出しスリット(h)の下を、その開口幅分移動する時間を照射時間とした。例えば、吹き出しスリット(h)の開口幅が2mmで、金属支持体(s)の移動速度が2mm/secであれば、プラズマ照射時間は1secとなる。また、反応ガス(g)の使用量は、照射幅1m当たり3m3/minとした。
このとき、大気圧プラズマに用いた反応ガス(g)は窒素のみで行った。気圧は1.0気圧とした。また、大気圧プラズマ装置(20)の周囲の溶剤蒸気濃度は、大気圧プラズマ装置(20)に入る手前の金属支持体(s)の表面付近で、塩化メチレン6500ppm、メタノール1500ppmであった。
実施例1との変更点は、プラズマ照射処理時間を0.01sec、大気圧プラズマ装置(20)に入る手前の金属支持体(s)の表面付近での溶剤蒸気濃度が、塩化メチレン6500ppm、メタノール1500ppmのみで、他は同じで行った。
実施例2との変更点は、反応ガス(g)に1体積%の酸素を添加したところで、他は同じで行った。
実施例2との変更点は、反応ガス(g)に1体積%の酸素と5体積%のアセチレンを添加したところで、他は同じで行った。
(エキシマUV処理)
石英ガラス(q)の中に、放射照度40mW/cm2のXe2波長172nmエキシマUVランプ(u)が入ったエキシマUV装置(30)を用い、石英ガラス(q)の表面から金属支持体(s)の表面までの間隙(d2)を1mmにし、このエキシマUV装置(30)によるUV光照射時間を0.3secとした。ここでのUV光照射時間とは、UV光が照射される区間、つまり石英ガラス(q)の下を、金属支持体(s)のある点が通過する時間とし、例えば石英ガラス(q)の長さが100mm、金属支持体(s)の移動速度が100mm/secのときは、UV光照射時間は1secとなる。また、エキシマUV装置(30)の周囲の溶剤蒸気濃度は、エキシマUV装置(30)に入る手前の金属支持体(s)の表面付近で、塩化メチレン6500ppm、メタノール1500ppmであった。
実施例2で、大気圧プラズマ装置(20)の下に金属支持体(s)が入る直前で、金属支持体(s)表面に向けて、エアナイフ装置から、全幅で風速100m/secのスリット風を吹き付けて、大気圧プラズマ装置(20)に入る手前の金属支持体(s)の表面付近で、塩化メチレン11ppm、メタノール1ppmと、大気圧プラズマ装置(20)直下の膜形成処理する区間Aに溶剤蒸気がほとんど存在しない雰囲気下とした。他は、実施例2と同じ処理条件で表面処理膜の形成を行った。
実施例3で、酸素の添加比率を5体積%まで上げた。
実施例5で、エキシマUV装置(30)の下に金属支持体(s)が入る直前で、金属支持体(s)表面に向けて、エアナイフ装置から、全幅で風速100m/secのスリット風を吹き付けて、エキシマUV装置(30)に入る手前の金属支持体(s)の表面付近で、塩化メチレン11ppm、メタノール1ppmと、エキシマUV装置(30)直下の膜形成処理する区間Aに溶剤蒸気がほとんど存在しない雰囲気下とした。他は、実施例5と同じ処理条件で表面処理膜の形成を行った。
金属支持体(s)の表面に大気圧プラズマ装置(20)あるいはエキシマUV装置(30)による表面処理を施さず、純水を含ませた清掃布で拭いた後、純水が乾燥する前に、メチレンクロライドを含ませた清掃布で事前に拭き取る方法で、清掃のみ行った。
(セルロースエステルフィルムの作製)
上述したドープ(1a)を用いて、以下のようにしてそれぞれ膜厚40μmのセルロースエステルフィルムを作製した。
実施例、比較例の製膜中は、表面処理後の金属支持体(s)の表面の接触角が測定できないため、流延ダイ(3)へのドープ(1a)の送液を停止、金属支持体(s)も止めて、以下の方法で接触角を測定した。
製膜中に、剥離ロール(8)の下流に設置されたフィードロールの制御で金属支持体(s)からウェブ(1b)を剥がし取る張力を徐々に下げていったとき、ウェブ(1b)の金属支持体(s)からの剥離位置が、剥離ロール(8)より下流側、流延ダイ(3)のある方向に移動し始めたとき、つまり、剥離力が剥離張力を上回ったときの値を剥離可能な下限の剥離張力値とした。ここで言うフィードロールとは、図1、2では省略しているが、剥離ロール(8)の下流に設置される、駆動モータと接続した搬送ロールのことで、モータによる回転でウェブ(1b)を引っ張るようにして張力を与えるもので、剥離張力の制御は駆動モータの出力制御で行う。
日本分光社製の偏光フィルム測定装置(VAP−7070)を用い、測定波長600nmにて、フィルム(9)の幅手方向に50mm間隔、また、長手方向に300mm区間で50mm間隔で測定、全データの平均値と最も乖離した値との差を、ここではバラツキとした。クロスニコル(CNT)透過率のバラツキはリタデーション値の指標となり、バラツキが小さいほどリタデーション値も低くなる。
金属支持体(7)は、長期間にわたって製膜を行うことで、表面に原料不純物が蓄積して汚れていく。金属支持体表面が汚れることで、その模様がフィルムに転写され、白いムラ状の故障となる。この汚れは、フィルムの金属支持体に接していた面側に転写された微細形状をAFMで撮影することにより観察でき、汚れた部分には、数100nm〜数μmの粒状の付着物転写痕が観察される。この付着物転写痕を黒い斑点と呼ぶ。製膜開始時と2週間製膜を行った後とで、黒い斑点の面積を測定し、金属支持体表面の汚れを評価した。
AFMとしてセイコーインスツルメンツ社製走査型プローブ顕微鏡(SPI3800Nプローブステーション、多機能型ユニットSPA−400)を用い、フィルム(9)の金属支持体(7)に接していた面側を20μm角で撮影し、黒い斑点が画面内に占める面積比率を求めた。黒い斑点の面積比率とフィルムの品質との関係は、概ね以下に示す評価基準の関係にある。
面積比率0.1%未満:目視では、全く白濁ムラは感じられない
面積比率0.1〜0.3%:目視では、フィルムを動かしながらかざすと、かすかに白いムラが見られる。
厚さ120μmの長尺のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、一軸延伸(温度110℃、延伸倍率5倍)した。これをヨウ素0.075g、ヨウ化カリウム5g、水100gの比率からなる水溶液に60秒間浸漬し、次いでヨウ化カリウム6g、ホウ酸7.5g、水100gの比率からなる68℃の水溶液に浸漬した。これを水洗、乾燥し長尺の偏光膜を得た。
ついで、下記工程1〜5に従って、偏光膜と光学フィルムとを貼り合わせて偏光板を作製した。
市販の液晶表示パネル(NEC社製カラー液晶ディスプレイ、MultiSync、LCD1525J、型名LA−1529HM)の最表面の偏光板を注意深く剥離し、上述した実施例1〜5の偏光板及び比較例1〜4の偏光板を、偏光方向を合わせて張り付けて、液晶表示パネルを作製した。
このようにして作製したそれぞれの液晶表示パネルについて、複数の評価者で目視にて、正面及び斜めから見たときの白っぽく見えるムラを観察して、偏光板の評価とした。
○ どの評価者もムラ全く見えず
△ 評価者によってかすかにムラが見える場合があるが、製品としては使えるレベル
× 多くの評価者で、かすかではあるがムラが見られた
以上の基準に基づいて、評価を行った。
Claims (11)
- 溶液流延製膜法による光学フィルムの製造方法であって、
熱可塑性樹脂及び添加剤を含む樹脂溶液を金属支持体の表面に流延して流延膜を形成し、溶剤の一部を蒸発させた後に、前記金属支持体から剥離する工程を含み、前記樹脂溶液を流延する前に前記金属支持体の表面の任意の区間において、あるいは製膜中に前記金属支持体の表面の前記流延膜の非通過区間において、大気圧プラズマ処理またはエキシマUV処理により前記金属支持体の表面に表面処理膜を形成し、その後、前記金属支持体の表面に前記樹脂溶液を流延することを特徴とする光学フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記大気圧プラズマ処理または前記エキシマUV処理は、プラズマまたはUV光を少なくとも前記溶剤の蒸気の存在下で照射し、前記表面処理膜を形成する処理であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記大気圧プラズマ処理または前記エキシマUV処理は、プラズマまたはUV光を前記溶剤の蒸気、あるいは前記大気圧プラズマ処理または前記エキシマUV処理に用いるガスの何れか一方あるいは両方の存在下で照射し、前記表面処理膜を形成する処理であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記表面処理膜を形成した前記金属支持体の水との接触角が、5〜40度であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項乃至第3項の何れか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂は、セルロースエステル系樹脂であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項乃至第4項の何れか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記金属支持体は、製膜用のエンドレスベルト、ドラム、あるいはロールの何れかであることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項乃至第5項の何れか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記流延膜を前記金属支持体から剥離するのに必要な最低の剥離力の増加量が、製膜開始時と24時間製膜した後とで、0.1〜2.0(N/m)の範囲であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項乃至第6項の何れか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求の範囲第1項乃至第7項の何れか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法で製造されたことを特徴とする光学フィルム。
- 前記光学フィルムのクロスニコル時の波長600nmでの透過率のバラツキが、2×10−5〜60×10−5(%)であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第8項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 請求の範囲第8項または第9項に記載の光学フィルムを、少なくとも一方の面に有することを特徴とする偏光板。
- 請求の範囲第10項に記載の偏光板を用いることを特徴とする表示装置。
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JP6384280B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2018-09-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フィルム形成装置 |
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KR20100014601A (ko) | 2010-02-10 |
CN101641195A (zh) | 2010-02-03 |
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