JPWO2005095523A1 - モノアゾ鉄錯体化合物、それを用いた電荷制御剤及びトナー - Google Patents
モノアゾ鉄錯体化合物、それを用いた電荷制御剤及びトナー Download PDFInfo
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- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical class S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(1-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound CC(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(2-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound ClCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(sulfanyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)S KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC=C)C(C(=O)OCC=C)=C1 GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJPJZBYFYBYKPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N vat yellow 1 Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3N=C4C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)C5=C4C4=C3C2=C1N=C4C=C5 KJPJZBYFYBYKPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001060 yellow colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
このように本発明の負帯電性トナーは帯電量が高いにもかかわらず、高い帯電立ち上がり性をも有しているので、複写機やプリンターの小型化、高速化、待ち時間短縮等の改良に貢献することが可能である。
クロムのような環境に対し懸念がある金属を含まないこと、及びニトロ基のような発火性の高い置換基を有していないため、化合物の安全性も高い。
本発明のモノアゾ鉄錯体化合物の製造方法については、公知のモノアゾ錯体化合物の製造方法を用いて製造できるが、以下に代表的な製造方法を記載する。まず4−クロロ−2−アミノフェノール等のジアゾ成分に、塩酸や硫酸のような鉱酸を加え、内温が5℃以下になったら、水に溶解させた亜硝酸ナトリウムを内温10℃以下に維持しながら滴下する。10℃以下で30分乃至3時間撹拌し反応させることにより、4−クロロ−2−アミノフェノールをジアゾ化する。スルファミン酸を加え、ヨウ化カリウムでんぷん紙により過剰に亜硝酸が残存していないことを確認する。
また、未反応の原料又は中間体、あるいはサリチル酸の如き反応促進剤が10%以下混入していてもよい。
2価のアルコール成分としては、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、2,3−ブタンジオール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−へキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール、水素化ビスフェノールA、又は、ビスフェノールAにエチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド等の環状エーテルが重合して得られるジオール等が挙げられる。
本発明において、結着樹脂の分子量分布は、THFを溶媒としたゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される。
また、ポリエステル系重合体、ビニル重合体とその他の結着樹脂を併用する場合、全体の結着樹脂の酸価が0.1〜50mgKOH/gを有する樹脂を60質量%以上有するものが好ましい。
(1)試料は予め結着樹脂(重合体成分)以外の添加物を除去して使用するか、結着樹脂及び架橋された結着樹脂以外の成分の酸価及び含有量を予め求めておく。試料の粉砕品0.5〜2.0gを精秤し、重合体成分の重さをWgとする。例えば、トナーから結着樹脂の酸価を測定する場合は、着色剤又は磁性体等の酸価及び含有量を別途測定しておき、計算により結着樹脂の酸価を求める。
(2)300(ml)のビーカーに試料を入れ、トルエン/エタノール(体積比4/1)の混合液150(ml)を加え溶解する。
(3)0.1mol/lのKOHのエタノール溶液を用いて、電位差滴定装置を用いて滴定する。
(4)この時のKOH溶液の使用量をS(ml)とし、同時にブランクを測定し、この時のKOH溶液の使用量をB(ml)とし、以下の式(1)で算出する。ただしfはKOHのファクターである。
酸価(mgKOH/g)=[(S−B)×f×5.61]/W (1)
マゼンダ着色剤としては、縮合アゾ化合物、ジケトピロロピロール化合物、アントラキノン化合物、キナクリドン化合物、塩基性染料、レーキ染料、ナフトール染料、ベンズイミダゾロン化合物、チオインジゴ化合物、ペリレン化合物が用いられる。具体的には、顔料系のマゼンダ着色剤として、C.I.ピグメントレッド1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,30,31,32,37,38,39,40,41,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,57,58,60,63,64,68,81,83,87,88,89,90,112,114,122,123,163,202,206,207,209、C.I.ピグメントバイオレット19、C.I.バットレッド1,2,10,13,15,23,29,35等が挙げられる。
上記顔料を単独で使用してもよいが、染料と顔料とを併用することが、その鮮明度を向上させ、フルカラー画像の画質が向上するので、より好ましい。
上記の着色剤の使用量は結着樹脂100量部に対して、0.1〜20質量部が好ましい。
樹脂コートキャリアにおいて、キャリアコアの表面を少なくとも樹脂被覆剤で被覆する方法としては、樹脂を溶剤中に溶解若しくは懸濁せしめて塗布したキャリアコアに付着せしめる方法、あるいは単に粉体状態で混合する方法が適用できる。樹脂コートキャリアに対して樹脂被覆材の割合は、適宜決定すればよいが、樹脂コートキャリアに対し好ましくは0.01〜5質量%、より好ましくは0.1〜1質量%がよい。
可塑化作用を有するワックスの種類としては、例えば融点の低いワックス、又は分子の構造上に分岐のあるものや極性基を有する構造のものであり、離型作用を有するワックスとしては、融点の高いワックス、分子の構造では、直鎖構造のものや、官能基を有さない無極性のものが挙げられる。使用例としては、2種以上の異なるワックスの融点の差が10℃〜100℃のものの組み合わせや、ポリオレフィンとグラフト変性ポリオレフィンの組み合わせ等が挙げられる。
重合トナーを製造する際に使用する分散剤としては、例えば無機系酸化物としては、リン酸三カルシウム、リン酸マグネシウム、リン酸アルミニウム、リン酸亜鉛、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、メタケイ酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、ベントナイト、シリカ、アルミナ等が挙げられる。有機系化合物としては、例えばポリビニルアルコール、ゼラチン、メチルセルロース、メチルヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースのナトリウム塩、デンプン等が使用されている。これらの分散剤は、重合性単量体100質量部に対して0.2〜2.0質量部を使用することが好ましい。
本発明のトナーは、粉砕型トナーの場合の形状係数(SF−1)平均値が100〜400が好ましく、形状係数2(SF−2)の平均値が100〜350が好ましい。
SF−1=((ML2×π)/4A)×100
(式中、MLは粒子の最大長、Aは一粒子の投影面積を示す。)
SF−2=(PM2/4Aπ)×100
(式中、PMは粒子の周囲長、Aは一粒子の投影面積を示す。)
本発明のトナーのDSC測定において観測される吸熱ピークにおいて70〜120℃の領域に最大ピークのピークトップ温度があることが好ましい。
1成分現像方式とは、薄膜化させたトナーを潜像担持体に供給して潜像を現像する方式である。トナーの薄膜化は、通常、トナー搬送部材、トナー層厚規制部材及びトナー補給補助部材を備え、かつ該補給補助部材とトナー搬送部材並びにトナー層厚規制部材とトナー搬送部材とがそれぞれ当接している装置を用いて行われる。
4−クロロ−2−アミノフェノール57.4部を水580部、及び35%塩酸84部に加え、冷却下で攪拌溶解した。内温10℃以下で水50.7部に溶解させた亜硝酸ナトリウム28.2部を前記塩酸水溶液に滴下し、適宜砕氷50部を加えながら5〜10℃を維持した。滴下終了後、10℃で2時間攪拌し反応させた。スルファミン酸7.3部を加え10分反応させた後、ヨウ化カリウムでんぷん紙により過剰に亜硝酸が残存していないことを確認し、ジアゾ溶液を調製した。
なお、可視部吸収スペクトルに使用した赤外吸収スペクトルについては、錠剤法(KBr)によって測定した。
得られた赤外吸収スペクトル図を、図1として添付する。なお、赤外吸収スペクトルの測定は、島津製作所製の島津フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計FTIR−8200を使用し、以下の条件を行った。
測定モード: %T
解像度: 4.0cm-1
蓄積: 40
AMP ゲイン: 自動
検出器: ディテクター1(2.8mm/sec)
アポダイゼーション:HAPP−GENGEL
また、元素分析の結果は、以下の通りである。
4−クロロ−2−アミノフェノール68部を水500部、及び35%塩酸147部に加え、冷却下で攪拌溶解した。内温10℃以下で水61.6部に溶解させた亜硝酸ナトリウム33.4部を前記塩酸水溶液に滴下し、適宜砕氷40部を加えながら5〜10℃を維持した。滴下終了後、10℃で2時間攪拌し反応させた。スルファミン酸6.8部を加え10分反応させた後、ヨウ化カリウムでんぷん紙により過剰に亜硝酸ナトリウムが残存していないことを確認し、ジアゾ溶液を調製した。
既知の電荷制御剤である、以下の構造を有する鉄アゾ錯体(保土谷化学工業株式会社製、商品名:T−77)。下式中、a+b+cは1である。
既知の電荷制御剤である、以下の構造を有するクロムアゾ錯体(保土谷化学工業株式会社製、商品名:T−95)。
既知の電荷制御剤である、以下の構造を有するクロムアゾ錯体(保土谷化学工業株式会社製、商品名:TRH)。
[製造例1]と同様な方法で製造した、式(2)と構造の類似するモノアゾ鉄錯体化合物。
(三井化学株式会社製、商品名CPR−100)
[94.75部][94.5部][94.25部][94.0部][93.0部]
〇[製造例1]で得られた式(2)のモノアゾ鉄錯体化合物
[0.25部][0.5部][0.75部][1.0部][2.0部]
〇カーボンブラック(三菱化学株式会社製、商品名MA−100) 5.0部
(qmax−q)/(qmax−q0)=exp(−t/τ)
ここで、qmaxは、飽和帯電量、q0は、初期帯電量(ここでは、帯電時間10秒のとき)、tが各測定時間であり、そのときの帯電量がqである。帯電立ち上がり性のよいものは、時定数がより小さな値となる。時定数の単位は秒である。
以下で説明する比較電荷制御剤1〜4の結果とともに、本発明の式(2)で示される化合物の結果を表3に示す。また、この表3のデータを、電荷制御剤の添加濃度との関係で、1800秒後のトリボ帯電量をプロットしたのが、図2である。また、電荷制御剤の添加濃度との関係で、時定数(τ)をプロットしたのが、図3である。
製造例1で得られた式(2)の化合物の代わりに、比較電荷制御剤1、比較電荷制御剤2、比較電荷制御剤3及び比較電荷制御剤4の化合物をそれぞれ使用して、実施例1と同様の方法で標準トナーを作製し、帯電量及び時定数を測定した。ただし、比較例1〜3については、電荷制御剤量0.25%、0.75%についての試験は行わなかった。それぞれ比較例1〜4として、結果を上記表3に示す。
上記の結果から分かるように、本発明の電荷制御剤を使用して製造されたトナーは、従来のトナーに比べて著しく高い(絶対量で)25μC/gを超える帯電量を示し、また帯電量が高いにもかかわらず、高い帯電立ち上がり性をも有していることがわかる。更に本発明の電荷制御剤を使用して製造されたトナーは、電荷制御剤を1.0質量%以下の低濃度で使用しても、著しく高い帯電量を得ることができ、また低濃度使用においても帯電量が高いにもかかわらず、著しく高い帯電立ち上がり性をも有していることがわかる。特に、本発明の化合物に非常に類似する、ピラゾロン環の窒素原子に結合しているフェニル基に1つの塩素原子を有する比較電荷制御剤4と比較すると、本発明の電荷制御剤は、予想外に優れた、1.0質量%以下の低濃度における著しく高い帯電量を有し、かつ低濃度使用においても高い帯電立ち上がり性を有することがわかる。
実施例2で作製した標準トナー1gとノンコートフェライトキャリアーF−100(パウダーテック社製)25gをPP容器に精秤し、下記測定環境に設定した恒温恒湿器(LH−30、ナガノ科学社製)中に12時間以上置いた。次に恒温恒湿器内に入れたボールミルを使用し、30分間帯電させた。恒温恒湿器から取り出した試料を、速やかにブローオフ紛体帯電量測定装置(東芝ケミカル社製)で帯電量を測定した(窒素圧:0.1MPa(1.0Kg/cm2))。環境変化安定性の測定環境は、通常の25℃−50%RH(相対湿度)の環境、低温低湿環境(10℃−30%RH)、恒温高湿環境(35℃−85%RH)の3条件とした。結果を以下の表4に示す。合わせて、この結果を図4として添付する。
実施例3と同一の条件で、比較電荷制御剤1〜比較電荷制御剤3を試料として環境変化安定性試験を行った。結果を合わせて上記表4及び図4に示す。
本発明の電荷制御剤を使用したトナーが、他の電荷制御剤に比べてはるかに高い帯電量と高い帯電立ち上がり性を有しながらも、高温高湿下において変動が少なく、その性能を維持し続けていることがわかる。
実施例2で作製したトナーを再度、連続式押出混練機に入れ、実施例2で行った標準トナー作製と同一の方法で再度標準トナーを作製した。得られた標準トナーについて実施例2と同一の方法で帯電量、時定数を測定した。また、再度作製されたトナーをもう一度連続式押出混練機に入れ、実施例2で行った標準トナー作製と同一の方法で3回目の標準トナーを作製した。得られた標準トナーについて実施例2と同一の方法で帯電量、時定数を測定した。結果を図5及び6に示す。
混練回数帯電量及び混練分散性試験
実施例4と同一の条件で、比較電荷制御剤1〜比較電荷制御剤3を試料として混練回数帯電量及び混練分散性試験を行った。結果を、図5及び6に示す。
上記結果から分かるように、本発明のモノアゾ鉄錯体化合物は、混練りを繰り返してもその帯電量、帯電立ち上がり性において変化が小さく、トナー製造の際の混練分散性が良好であることがわかる。
比較電荷制御剤4の結果とともに、本発明の式(2)で示される化合物の結果を表5に示す。また、この表5のデータを、電荷制御剤の添加濃度との関係で、1800秒後のトリボ帯電量をプロットしたのが、図7である。また、電荷制御剤の添加濃度との関係で、時定数(τ)をプロットしたのが、図8である。
ノンコートフェライトキャリアF−100の代わりに、ノンコートフェライトキャリアF−150を使用したことを除いて、実施例3を繰り返し、試料を30分間帯電させ、恒温恒湿器から取り出した試料の帯電量を、速やかに測定した。環境変化安定性の測定環境は、実施例3の場合と同様に、通常の25℃−50%RH(相対湿度)の環境、低温低湿環境(10℃−30%RH)、恒温高湿環境(35℃−85%RH)の3条件とした。結果を以下の表6に示す。合わせて、この結果を図9として添付する。
Claims (10)
- 式(1)中、Jが、水素である請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載のモノアゾ鉄錯体化合物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする電荷制御剤。
- 式(1)中、Jが、水素である請求項3に記載の電荷制御剤。
- 体積平均粒径が、0.1〜20μmである請求項3記載の電荷制御剤。
- 請求項1に記載されるモノアゾ鉄錯体化合物、着色剤及び結着樹脂を含有することを特徴とする負帯電性トナー。
- 式(1)中、Jが、水素である請求項6に記載の負帯電性トナー。
- 前記モノアゾ鉄錯体化合物の含有量が、0.1〜5質量%である請求項6記載の負帯電性トナー。
- 前記モノアゾ鉄錯体化合物の含有量が、0.25〜2質量%である請求項8記載の負帯電性トナー。
- 前記結着樹脂が、0.1〜100mgKOH/gの酸価を有することを特徴とする請求項6記載の負帯電性トナー。
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JP6487730B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-20 | 2019-03-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナーおよび二成分現像剤 |
JP6385087B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-09-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナーの製造方法 |
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JPH1120317A (ja) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-26 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光情報記録媒体 |
JP2001083744A (ja) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-30 | Canon Inc | 乾式トナー及び画像形成方法 |
JP2002264521A (ja) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-18 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光記録媒体 |
JP2004086224A (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-18 | Hodogaya Chem Co Ltd | モノアゾ鉄錯体化合物、それを用いた電荷制御剤及びトナー |
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CN102702773B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
KR101117836B1 (ko) | 2012-03-22 |
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