JPH06511068A - 無段階変速機の制御方法 - Google Patents
無段階変速機の制御方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH06511068A JPH06511068A JP4509791A JP50979192A JPH06511068A JP H06511068 A JPH06511068 A JP H06511068A JP 4509791 A JP4509791 A JP 4509791A JP 50979192 A JP50979192 A JP 50979192A JP H06511068 A JPH06511068 A JP H06511068A
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- Prior art keywords
- gear ratio
- transmission
- speed
- ratio
- value
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H61/66254—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
- F16H61/66259—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling using electrical or electronical sensing or control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
- F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/08—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to drivers or passengers
- B60W40/09—Driving style or behaviour
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H2059/003—Detecting or using driving style of a driver, e.g. for adapting shift schedules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H2059/006—Overriding automatic control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
- F16H2059/0239—Up- and down-shift or range or mode selection by repeated movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
- F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
- F16H2059/082—Range selector apparatus with different modes
- F16H2059/083—Overdrive or overdrive cut-off
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
- F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
- F16H2059/082—Range selector apparatus with different modes
- F16H2059/084—Economy mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H2061/0012—Transmission control for optimising power output of driveline
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H2061/0015—Transmission control for optimising fuel consumptions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
- F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
- F16H2061/0218—Calculation or estimation of the available ratio range, i.e. possible gear ratios, e.g. for prompting a driver with a display
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H2061/6604—Special control features generally applicable to continuously variable gearings
- F16H2061/6615—Imitating a stepped transmissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H2061/6604—Special control features generally applicable to continuously variable gearings
- F16H2061/6615—Imitating a stepped transmissions
- F16H2061/6616—Imitating a stepped transmissions the shifting of the transmission being manually controlled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H2061/66204—Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic
- F16H2061/66222—Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic the ratio is varied in order to reduce surface wear of belt or pulley
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/664—Friction gearings
- F16H2061/6641—Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic
- F16H2061/6643—Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic dependent on driver's choice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
- Y10T74/19251—Control mechanism
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 1.電気油圧制御部(1)と、選択装置(18)と、制御可能な始動クラッチ( 3)とを備えている、例えば内燃機関(4)によって駆動される車両の無段階変 速機(2)を制御するための方法であって、前記制御装置は第1の作動形式にお いて、選択装置(18)の信号および、絞り弁角度aIpha(t)、走行速度 v(t)および機関回転数nmot(t)のような車両の作動量から、運転者に よって選択可能な特性曲線を用いて自動的に変速比の変速比を選択しかつ設定す る形式の方法において、 第2の作動形式において、運転者によって直接制御操作される段階変速機をシミ ュレートすることを特徴とする方法。
- 2.前記段階変速機をシミュレートするために、前記選択装置(18)を用いて 、予め設定された変速比群から、個々の予め設定された変速比を選択しかつ前記 制御部(1)によって設定する 請求項1記載の方法。
- 3.運転者の走行スタイルまたは交通状況に基因する振舞い(挙動)を車両の制 御部に関連して評価する走行アクティビティ(SK(t))の値を求め、予め設 定される変速比の複数の群を設けかつ第2の作動形式において前記走行アクティ ビティ(SK(t))の値に依存して予め設定された変速比の群を選択する請求 項2記載の方法。
- 4.前記走行アクティビティ(SK(t))を、運転者の走行スタイルまたは交 通状況に基因する振舞い(挙動)を比較的長期間評価する関数関係(移動平均値 形成)によって、周期的または非周期的に検出される、唯一の作動特性量の実際 の値および先行値からまたは車両の複数の作動特性量から合成される唯一の量に 基づいて求める 請求項3記載の方法。
- 5.低い走行アクティビティ(SK(t))の値において、燃費最適化されたや さしい走行特性に相応する変速比群を選択しかつ比較的高い走行アクティビティ (SK(t))の値において、出力最適化されたスポーツ走行特性に相応する変 速比群を選択する請求項3または4記載の方法。
- 6.低い走行アクティビティ(SK(t))の値において、所属の群における変 速比の数を比較的小さく選択しおよび比較的高い走行アクティビティ(SK(t ))の値において、所属の群における変速比の数を比較的大きく選択する 請求項3,4または5記載の方法。
- 7.低い走行アクティビティ(SK(t))の値において、所属の群における変 速比の拡がりを比較的小さく選択しおよび比較的高い走行アクティビティ(SK (t))の値において、所属の群における変速比の拡がりを比較的大きく選択す る 請求項3から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 8.運転者の走行スタイルまたは交通状況に基因する振舞い(挙動)の評価を、 車両の所定の作動状態下では中断しかつ走行アクテイピテイ(SK(t))の瞬 時の値を少なくとも、その都度の作動状態が生じる時間空間の間記憶しかつ該時 間空間に続く評価を走行アクティビティ(SK(t))の前記記憶された値によ って始めて続行する 請求項3から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 9.所定の作動状態は、車両が停止するとき(走行速度v(t)≒0、無負荷信 号II(t)=1)生じる 請求項8記載の方法。
- 10.設定された変速比を前記制御装置によって小さな値だけ変化する 請求項2から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 11.前記変化を、非常に低い周波数および小さな振幅を有する正弦波状振動と して実施する請求項10記載の方法。
- 12.変速比のその都度の選択の際に、変速比を3%,0%および一3%の領域 において交互に異なって設定する 請求項10記載の方法。
- 13.自動的な作動形式から運転によって影響される作動形式への移行の際に、 自動的な作動形式を離れる際に設定されていた変速比を維持しかつ予め設定され た変速比の最初の選択の際に、 −自動的な作動形式を離れる際に設定されていた変速比と切換方向において最も 近くに位置する変速比との差が、切換方向において最も近くに位置する変速比と 切換方向とは反対方向に最も近くに位置する変速比との差の半分の領域における 予め設定された値より大きいとき、切換方向において最も近くに位置する変速比 を選択しかつ −自動的な作動形式を離れる際に設定されていた変速比と切換方向において最も 近くに位置する変速比との差が、切換方向において最も近くに位置する変速比と 切換方向とは反対方向に最も近くに位置する変速比との差の半分の領域における 予め設定された値より小さいとき、切換方向においてその次に近くに位置する変 速比を選択する 請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 14.手動の作動形式から自動の作動形式への移行の際に、設定されていた変速 比をまず維持しかつ前以て決められた時間内または予め選択された変化速度によ って自動的な作動形式において設定すべき変速比に整合する 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 15.運転者による制御操作とは独立して、制御装置によって、内燃機関の上側 または下側の回転数限界値に達した際に別の予め設定された変速比を、内燃機関 の回転数が再び上側および下側の回転数限界値の間にくるように選択しかつ設定 する 請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 16.運転者による制御操作とは独立して、制御装置によって、内燃機関の下側 の回転数限界値に達しかつ予め設定された変速比のうち最も大きな変速比が設定 された際に、制御可能な始動クラッチによって力の経路を遮断する 請求項1から15までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 17.選択装置は2つの切換路を有し、その際第1の切換路は変速比を自動的に 選択する作動形式における変速機の操作のために設けられておりかつ第2の切換 路は運転者によって制御操作される作動形式における変速機の操作のために設け られておりかつ運転者によって制御操作される作動形式において、操作素子が第 2の切換路の中心位置から第1の方向において移動された際に次に高い変速比を 選択しかつ第1の方向とは反対の第2の方向において移動された際に次に低い変 速比を選択することによって、予め設定された変速比が選択される ことを特徴とする請求項1から16までのいずれか1項記載の方法を実施するた めの装置。
- 18.予め設定された変速比群は、メモリに変更可能にファイルされている 請求項3から14までのいずれか1項記載の方法を実施するための装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4120540.5 | 1991-06-21 | ||
DE4120540A DE4120540C1 (ja) | 1991-06-21 | 1991-06-21 | |
PCT/EP1992/001155 WO1993000531A1 (de) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-05-22 | Verfahren zum steuern eines stufenlosen getriebes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH06511068A true JPH06511068A (ja) | 1994-12-08 |
JP2895230B2 JP2895230B2 (ja) | 1999-05-24 |
Family
ID=6434463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP4509791A Expired - Fee Related JP2895230B2 (ja) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-05-22 | 無段階変速機の制御方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6086506A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0588828B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2895230B2 (ja) |
DE (3) | DE4120540C1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2069429T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993000531A1 (ja) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
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-
1991
- 1991-06-21 DE DE4120540A patent/DE4120540C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-05-22 WO PCT/EP1992/001155 patent/WO1993000531A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1992-05-22 JP JP4509791A patent/JP2895230B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-22 DE DE59201677T patent/DE59201677D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-22 EP EP92910747A patent/EP0588828B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-22 ES ES92910747T patent/ES2069429T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-20 DE DE4239133A patent/DE4239133C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-08 US US08/832,183 patent/US6086506A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE59201677D1 (de) | 1995-04-20 |
ES2069429T3 (es) | 1995-05-01 |
EP0588828B1 (de) | 1995-03-15 |
DE4239133C1 (de) | 1993-12-16 |
EP0588828A1 (de) | 1994-03-30 |
WO1993000531A1 (de) | 1993-01-07 |
JP2895230B2 (ja) | 1999-05-24 |
DE4120540C1 (ja) | 1992-11-05 |
US6086506A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
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